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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were England's two failed colonies?
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Roanoke I and II
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Who founded Roanoke I and II?
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Sir Walter Rawley
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What was England's first permanent settlement?
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Jamestown!
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When was Jamestown established?
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1607
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Describe Jamestown's first year.
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there were 100 men, and 90% died the first year
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What were John Smith's orders?
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1: build a triangular fortress, 2: build a church
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What was Jamestown's first cash crop? Who made the blend?
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Tobacco; John Ralfe and Pocahontas
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Were the men at Jamestown rich or poor? Did they expect work?
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they were very wealthy and expected to just find riches and become very rich just like that - they did not expect to work
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Who were the owners of the Virginia Company?
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the king, Sir Francias Drake, and other wealthy men
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What business in Jamestown failed?
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green glass making - since they sent all that sand to Eng. and they didn't know what to do with it so they sent Italians to Jamestown to be glass makers
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When was Plymouth established?
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1620
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Who established Plymouth?
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the Pilgrims!
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What did the people who established Plymouth call themselves?
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Seperatists - Protestants that were being tortured
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What bible did the Pilgrims use?
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the Geneva Bible
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Describe the Pilgrims.
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they took the bible very literally, first they moved to the Netherlands, but they don't want their children speaking German, so they go secretly to the Virginia Company and book passes to go to Jamestown as indentured servants, but accidentally go to Massachusetts
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What decision do the Pilgrims make when they are taken to Massachusetts instead of Jamestown?
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they make the Mayflower Compact - since they have been deceived, they decide they are no longer tied to their 7 years of work - so they decide to govern themselves and make a representative gov - resembles a democracy, but women can't vote and the kind can't rule them
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How was the fist year for the Pilgrims?
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Horrible - they had to live in holes in the ground because it was winter and too cold to build houses
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What was the reason the Pilgrims survived and prospered?
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Squanto and Samoset - Massosoit inians that speak perfect Eng. because they were captured as indentured servants for 7 years - when Squanto returns his tribe is dead, when he sees the Pilgrims, he feels a reason to live - they teach them to catch their food and farm - their first Thanksgiving lasted 3 days
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What are the Pilgrims like?
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they are partiers - they love to drink and eat and party, and love pink - not at all like how we think of them
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What percentage of the pilgrims died the first year?
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50% - then a year later, 34 more arrive, at about a decade, there are about 500 people
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When did the Puritans arrive?
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1630
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Why did the Puritans come to Plymouth?
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they wanted to purify the church of England and soon saw that it was impossible and became Protestants and came in the thousands to Plymouth
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When the Puritans arrived, what eventually happened to the Pilgrim population?
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It was absorbed into the Puritan population
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Describe the Puritans.
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they were VERY strict and rigid; the biggest sin for them was to not use your God-given talent and be lazy; wanted a simple religion; had VERY mandatory schools; believe that the more you have, the more God loves you
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Why did the Puritans have mandatory schools?
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so that everyone could read the bible?
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What version of the bible did the Puritans use?
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the King James version
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What was the Protestant work ethic?
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the harder you work, the more you benefit
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What were the benefits and bad things about the north land?
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hard, rocky soil - not good for farming; but lots of trees so good lumber and very good harbors for fishing
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What is the north's climate?
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humid continental
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Describe the township system.
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system of land ownership; 6 mi by 6 mi; had to have at least 50 families; it had to have a primary school, a church, a mill, and a blacksmith in the middle of every one; each section of land for a family is 1 mi by 1 mi; if there got to be 100 families, then a secondary school was added
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Who built the first college in America and what was it called?
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Puritans; Harvard
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For the Puritans, what grade did girls and boy have to go to at least?
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girls: 3rd grade, boys: 6th grade
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What was Harvard used for?
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sending the Christian message - missionaries
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What was the Puritan gov.?
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semi democracy, semi theocracy
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What were dissenter colonies?
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a person who speaks out/dislikes what is going on in Mass. starts their own colony
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Who founded the first dissenter colony? Why?
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Rodger Williams; he believes that you should pay the indians, wanted more of a separation of church, business, and gov. and wanted more religious freedom; so he made Rhode Island by buying the land from the indians; a bunch of puritans followed him
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Which woman comes to Rhode Island and why?
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Anne Hutchington because she believed that god talked to her and held a meeting after church to discuss the sermon
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What is another dissenter colony that has religious freedom for all Christians? Who was its founder?
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Connecticut; Thomas Hooker
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Who was the leader of Jamestown?
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John Smith
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Who was the leader of Plymouth?
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William Bradford ( Pilgrim )
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What were the reasons for starting Jamestown?
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to make money for the Virginia Company
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What were the reasons for starting Plymouth?
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To search for religious freedom
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What was the source of income for Jamestown?
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tobacco
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What was the source of income for Plymouth?
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fur trade
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What gov. did Jamestown have?
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governor and House of Burgesses
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What gov. did Plymouth have?
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mutual self - gov. under Mayflower Compact
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What were the middle colonies?
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Delaware, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland
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What was the nickname for the middle colonies and why?
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the Breadbasket because their soil was very good so they supplied the food for the other colonies
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What did New York used to be called?
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New Netherlands
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Who founded New York?
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Henry Hudson
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What did Henry Hudson claim New York for and when?
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the Dutch; 1609
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What was the Patroon Land System and who had it?
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16 mi by 16 mi long; king owned land so it didn't work
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Who had the Patroon Land System?
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the Dutch
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What happened in 1664?
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New York was taken by the Eng. AND so was New Sweden ( PA ) from the Dutch w/out a gun being fired
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What did Pennsylvania used to be called?
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Transylvania
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Who founded PA?
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Lord William Pen; he goes to the king who owed his father money and the king gave him PA to take he and all of his Quakers with him
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Describe the Quakers.
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they were against war and wouldn't fight for the king and they forgive everyone always and they are major Passifiste and believe that men and women are equal in the eyes of god and they wouldn't bow to the king
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What was PA like?
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total rel. tolerance, and they advertise it so it is very diverse; paid indians for land and it was the first big melting pot of people
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What was Maryland like?
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it was strictly a Christian colony; it was ironic because they wanted to get away from the Protestants but since they set up Christian freedom it attracted protestants too
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Who established maryland?
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Lord Baltimore
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What was New Sweden?
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Southern Jersey
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What was another name for the Southern Colonies?
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the Royal Colonies
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What was the Southern land like?
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flat, had Georgia Pines that are useless, soil is leached and the climate is humid subtropical so lots of rain and had a very bad coast line so it wasn't good for shipping, trade, and it only had one industry - tobacco
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What land system did the South have?
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Plantation System - huge areas of land
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Were slaves successful after being indentured servants?
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Yes - because they learned from their masters - some even owned slaves!
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Who founded the Carolinas?
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8 Lords
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What were the crops in the Carolinas?
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tobacco, indigo, and rice
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Within 50 years, what happened to the Carolinas?
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they split
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Why did Eng. want Georgia?
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because they wanted to show the Spanish
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Who owned Georgia before the Eng. took it?
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Spain
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Who is the founder of Georgia?
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Lord Oglethorpe
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What kind of people did Oglethorpe bring over to Georgia with him?
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people from Debter's Prison
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What percentage of whites owned slaves in the South?
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only 10%
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Who got education in the South?
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only the plantation owner's children - education was VERY good
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Who settled in the Appalacian Mountains?
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the Scotch who had NO education
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What is the religion in the South?
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Protestant
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What was the Colonial Labor Force?
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kids do chores, go to school, chores, sleep, nothing fun, chores start at 3 or 4 years old; this is in the north; in the south the kids do chores all day long and they have no school and they wear a big shirt until pants at about age 15 and have no money - they were in a condition worse that a slave
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Did slaves eat well?
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YES - very well because their masters wanted to keep them strong and healthy
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What is the difference between political and rational slavery?
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Tribes enslave other tribes in political; in rational, slaves are bought ( Ex. the minute one tribe enslaves another and SELLS them, it becomes rational )
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Is political slavery old?
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yes, very
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When was the Declaration of Independence?
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1776
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What was the first compromise of the Declaration of Independence? Second?
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that the next generation take up the issue of slavery; that in 20 years, the slave trade must end - so the Southerners took in as many slaves as they possible could beg or the end of 20 years, but even after that, they smuggled them
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What is the biggest blemish in slavery?
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lack of freedom
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How many slaves were there during the American Revolution?Free blacks?
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about 650,000; about 50,000
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When does the 2nd compromise fully go into effect?
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1820
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When was slavery outlawed?
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1808
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Before the South wanted Missouri, how many states of N and S were there? What was the Missouri compromise?
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N - 11, S - 11; MC: N gets Maine and S gets Missouri, so now there are each 12 states
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What was the Virginia Slave Rebellion and when was it and who lead it?
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1831; Nat Turner organized it; his father owned a plantation; he killed his father and all of the whites in the plantation and then went from one plantation to the next gathering blacks and killing whites until finally he was captured; he killed about 60 whites and then was executed; irony: he didn't know Virginia was about to outlaw slavery and when he did that they really became strict
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What else happened in 1831 besides the Virginia Slave Rebellion?
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William Lloyd Garrison runs a newspaper The Liberator and does everything to stop slavery ; also the Underground Railroad was started
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What really gave whites in the N a good idea about how bad slavery was?
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Harriet Beecher's book - Uncle Tom's Cabin - so N became very anti-slavery
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When did the new political party the Republicans come out?
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1854
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Which Quaker brought 2000 people through the Underground Railroad?
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Levi Coffin
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Who was John Brown?
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believes God has spoken to him to go out and kill people to free the slaves - 1859; so he goes to a weapon storage place, Harpis Fary, and raids it and Roberty Lee captures him
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Who got very rich from the slave trade?
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Tribal Chiefs
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What was the religion in the South?
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Anglican-Protestant
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What is a tribe?
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nothing but an extended family
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What percent of slaves died on the way over?
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12% - same as Euro.
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Where did the majority of slaves go to?
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Brazil
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What percent of slaves came to America?
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6%
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When did black servants come to America?
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1619
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What is the poor farmer's labor force?
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their children - sometimes up to 20!!
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Who gets rich on the Triangular Trade?
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the Yankee slave traders
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Who occupied the suburbs of PA?
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the Germans - very crafty
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Who was the French and Indian War?
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Eng. vs. French
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How long did the French and Indian War really last and how long did it technically last?
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125; 7
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When did the FIW start?
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1754
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Who was the only indian ally on the British side?
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the Iroquoise
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What starts the FIW?
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the French claim all of Canada and the middle part of the US and Britain claims east - west; and the Battle of the Wilderness
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What were the advantages for the French in the FIW? Disadvantages?
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they had all of the indians, but their were very few of them and they occupied all of Canada
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What were the British advantages in the FIW? Disadvantages?
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they were 20:1 on pop!; they had a stable econ and gov.; they had the best navy, so they wouldn't let French in or out - so they couldn't get supplies
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For two years, all goes bad for the Eng. Why? How does it get better?
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the French had a great general and any surrenderers were slaughtered by Champlain - then Penn comes over and is rich so he supplies them with food and stuff
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Who captures Fort Duquesne?
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George Washington
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When is the FIW officially over?
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1761 - but Treaty of Paris is in 1863
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When was the Treaty of Paris?
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1863
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What was settled in the Treaty of Paris?
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Eng. gets all of Canada and everything east of Mississippi; French get west and New Orleans
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What is classism?
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a strong middle class is developing in the colonies; you are basically judged for the amount of money you had
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What leads to the American Revolution?
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America starts moving from Eng. freedoms to Am. freedoms
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What is molevelant neglect?
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since Eng. is so far away, they can't always monitor us
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Was anyone really poor in Am.? Why or why not?
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No because owning land signalized wealth and even the Scotch had land
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When was mercantilism born?
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1607
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When does the king pull in the reins?
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1776
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Why does mercantilism fail?
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because it fails the COLONIES
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Who liked the ways of PA and what country did he found?
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Oglethorpe; Georgia
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What did the Duke of York do?
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captured New York, north New Jersey, and Delaware
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Before the Eng. took it, what did the Dutch and Sweds. claim?
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Dutch: New York and north New Jersey; Sweds: Delaware and south New Jersey
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Who gave us log cabins?
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Swedish
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Who was the first Puritan leader?
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James Winthrope
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Who was Braddock?
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general killed in Battle of the Wilderness
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Who founded Connecticut?
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Thomas Hooker
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APPRENTICE
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****
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