History Test 3

Front 1

President and Mrs. Washington believed all of the following statements about Ona Judge except...

Back 1

that liberty was Ona's conscious choice and not something pushed on to her by someone else.

Front 2

President Washington faced lots of problems in his first term in office, but the most basic problem was

Back 2

creating a government strong enough to gain the loyalty of its citizens but not so strong as to alienate them

Front 3

What title for the president of the United States did a Senate committee recommend?

Back 3

His Highness the President of the United States and Protector of the Liberties

Front 4

When President George Washington appointed his first group of advisors, his selections reflected his circle of friends and what other influence?

Back 4

the political clout of large states

Front 5

What did Congress seek to accomplish with passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789?

Back 5

the creation of a federal court system with limited power

Front 6

Approximately how many amendments to the Constitution did state ratifying conventions recommend?

Back 6

200

Front 7

Almost all states adamantly asked for amendments guaranteeing what basic rights?

Back 7

states' rights

Front 8

Madison favored what kind of amendments to the Constitution?

Back 8

affirmation of human rights already within the structure of the Constitution

Front 9

The First Amendment to the Constitution

Back 9

protected citizens against congressional interference with freedom of religion, speech, the press, or assembly

Front 10

What was the first challenge of the Congress when it convened in the spring of 1789?

Back 10

raising money for the expenses of the government

Front 11

What did Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton suggest the government do to secure needed revenue?

Back 11

impose tariffs on imported goods and an excise tax

Front 12

What did Treasury Secretary Hamilton want to do to handle debts owed by the Continental Congress and the Articles of Confederation?

Back 12

the federal government should guarantee state and national debts

Front 13

Hamilton's plan called for the federal government to

Back 13

tax interest as a way for the government to recoup some of its money.

Front 14

Southern states mostly opposed Secretary Hamilton's plan to settle previous debts because

Back 14

most had paid their debts and did not want to pay debts of northern states as well.

Front 15

Southern states accepted Secretary Hamilton's plan for handling the debt issue in return for what?

Back 15

moving the capital farther south to a site on the Potomac River

Front 16

Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton recommended the creation of what to manage the government's fiscal functions?

Back 16

a national bank

Front 17

Because the Constitution did not mention such an entity as a national bank, the treasury secretary's recommendation is a example of what?

Back 17

usurpation of power by the executive branch of government

Front 18

Opposition to Secretary Hamilton's fiscal proposals was led by

Back 18

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

Front 19

What political group had come into existence by 1793 to oppose Secretary Hamilton's proposals and those who controlled the government?

Back 19

Democratic Republican Party

Front 20

Allies of Hamilton and supporters of the administration's policies adopted what name to demonstrate their commitment to union and the new government?

Back 20

Federalist Party

Front 21

Ninety-seven percent of the American people lived on family farms in 1790. Most families occupied how much acreage?

Back 21

50 to 100 acres

Front 22

By the 1790s, Philadelphia was

Back 22

America's largest city.
B.
the nation's capital.
C.
home to the nation's largest free African American population.
D.
all of the above`

Front 23

Following the depression of the 1780s, American merchants

Back 23

each statement is accurate.

Front 24

The Quakers, Baptists, and Methodists

Back 24

spoke out against slavery.

Front 25

How did most white Americans regard slavery by 1790?

Back 25

as an immoral institution, even if they were not prepared to embrace a racially mixed society.

Front 26

Most free Americans believed that the success of the republic depended on

Back 26

the character of its citizens.

Front 27

Many free Americans believed that slaves could not possess republican character

Back 27

they had no stake in the public order necessary for citizenship.
B.
Each statement is correct.
C.
their work could never lead to self-reliance.
D.
because slave labor did not republican character.

Front 28

What did most American males think about the citizenship of women under the jurisdiction of the new United States?

Back 28

They were citizens but many women could not own property.

Front 29

Discussion of women's rights was

Back 29

common in both European and American circles.

Front 30

Disagreements between the United States and Spain over ownership of land located west of the Appalachian Mountains

Back 30

ignored Native Americans' claims to the territory.

Front 31

What was the attitude of Secretary of War Henry Knox toward Indian claims to land west of the Appalachian Mountains?

Back 31

A.
Only the United States could decide who occupied the land.
B.
Mineral rights could be retained even when the government sold or granted land to individuals.
C.
Native Americans had rights to the soil not affected by a treaty between England and the United States.
D.
Reservations should be provided for Native Americans.

Front 32

Secretary Knox argued that Indian tribes

Back 32

should be regarded as foreign entities.

Front 33

What military action mostly ended Indian resistance to settlers in the Old Northwest?

Back 33

Anthony Wayne's victory at Fallen Timbers

Front 34

According to the Treaty of Greenville, signed August 3, 1795,

Back 34

Native Americans ceded most of modern Ohio and part of Indiana in return for a federal annuity.

Front 35

What caused the Whiskey Rebellion?

Back 35

a dispute between westerners and the federal government over collection of the excise tax

Front 36

In the 1790s, residents of western portions of the states generally

Back 36

paid their taxes, however reluctantly, because it was their duty to do so.

Front 37

What was George Washington's goal in international affairs?

Back 37

to extend commercial relations with other nations but limit political involvement

Front 38

When the French Revolution began in 1789, most Americans

Back 38

supported the revolution, partly because France had helped the United States in its revolution against England.

Front 39

The American and French Revolutions

Back 39

all

Front 40

Who led efforts to free Saint Domingue from French control?

Back 40

Napoleon Bonaparte

Front 41

Why did President George Washington decline to assist rebels in Saint Domingue?

Back 41

A.
Saint Domingue was too far away for American troops to reach.
B.
Intervention would have been too expensive.
C.
Public pressure from opponents of the revolt, especially French sympathizers, was too great.
D.
It was a slave rebellion, and he did not wish to encourage slave rebellion in the United States.

Front 42

Why did the arrival in America of Edmond Charles Genêt turn out to be stressful for relations between France and the United States?

Back 42

Genêt's efforts to raise support for France in its war with England embarrassed Washington, who was trying to remain neutral.

Front 43

Why did some Americans, southerners in particular, oppose Jay's Treaty?

Back 43

It did not address the issue of reopening the slave trade.

Front 44

General Anthony Wayne's victory in 1794 and Jay's and Pinckney's Treaties in 1795 resulted in all of the following except:

Back 44

all military and political problems between the United States and England were solved.

Front 45

The election of 1796

Back 45

A.
allowed John Adams to shed the reputation of always finishing second in significant contests.
B.
saw the development of an embarrassing situation regarding the vice presidency for President John Adams.
C.
was a clear endorsement of Federalist policies under Washington.
D.
showed the continuing political dominance of cities.

Front 46

What was the result when President John Adams sent Elbridge Gerry, John Marshall, and Charles Pinckney to France in an attempt to resolve differences between the United States and France?

Back 46

the XYZ Affair

Front 47

The election of 1796 was won by

Back 47

John Adams.

Front 48

The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

Back 48

tried to silence the Democratic Republicans in the election of 1800.

Front 49

Why did the Democratic Republicans hesitate to challenge the Alien and Sedition Acts before the Supreme Court?

Back 49

the Court was dominated by Federalist justices.

Front 50

All of the following challenged the future of the United States except:

Back 50

the conflict between the two political parties.

Front 51

Andrew Jackson

Back 51

all

Front 52

What was the theme of Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address?

Back 52

He urged Americans to bear any burden to maintain freedom.

Front 53

In the election of 1800

Back 53

Each statement is accurate.

Front 54

How did Congress attempt to eliminate this kind of confusion in future elections?

Back 54

The Twelfth Amendment did away with the system of casting all votes for president and having the recipient of the second greatest number winning the vice presidency in favor of party tickets.

Front 55

In an attempt to retaliate against Federalist-appointed judges for partisanship in cases involving the Sedition Act, Jefferson's administration impeached Associate Supreme Court Justice

Back 55

Samuel Chase.

Front 56

To weaken a Federalist attempt to pack the federal courts through late-term appointments authorized by the Judiciary Act of 1801, President Jefferson ordered

Back 56

commissions for new judges not yet delivered to be withheld.

Front 57

How did Judge John Marshall use the case of Marbury v. Madison to expand the authority of the Supreme Court?

Back 57

Through judicial review, he claimed the Court's authority to rule on the constitutionality of all governmental activities.

Front 58

On what mission did President Jefferson send Robert Livingston and James Monroe to France?

Back 58

to purchase New Orleans and West Florida

Front 59

What Democratic Republican principle was violated by the Louisiana Purchase?

Back 59

strict construction of the Constitution

Front 60

In 1804 President Jefferson sent an expedition led by ________ and ________ to investigate the northern portion of land purchased from France.

Back 60

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

Front 61

The 1804 mission to investigate the northern portion of land purchased from France was completed successfully, partially because

Back 61

Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman, served as guide and interpreter.

Front 62

The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair involved

Back 62

A.
a trade agreement to exchange American tobacco for African slaves.
B.
a troubling indiscretion within the Department of the Treasury.
C.
a British war ship firing across the bow of an American navy ship to force inspection of her crew.
D.
an agreement between diplomatic agents concerning the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase.

Front 63

President Jefferson's policy of embargo did what?

Back 63

closed American ports and ordered American vessels to remain in port

Front 64

What was the impact of the embargo?

Back 64

It hurt American shipping and American farmers and producers by taking away markets.

Front 65

When President Jefferson did not seek the nomination of the Democratic Republican Party for president in 1808, who was his logical successor to that nomination and the presidency?

Back 65

James Madison

Front 66

How did President Jefferson describe his administration?

Back 66

as splendid misery

Front 67

Congress's Non-Intercourse Act, signed by President James Madison,

Back 67

reopened trade with all of Europe except England and France unless they stopped interfering with American shipping.

Front 68

On June 1, 1812, after continuing interference with American shipping, President Madison asked Congress to declare war on

Back 68

England, because the British navy continued to stop American vessels and impress American sailors into the British service.

Front 69

Western America clamored for war because they believed that

Back 69

A.
French traders still participated in the fur trade in their area.
B.
British agents stirred up Indian unrest in the West to block American expansion.
C.
Spain was impotent to control Native Americans in areas they claimed.
D.
both England and France would never stop trying to make colonies of American territories.

Front 70

New England shippers

Back 70

opposed a war against England.

Front 71

Rash young congressmen such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who urged Madison to assume a more belligerent policy, were called what?

Back 71

war hawks

Front 72

After the United States declared war with England for a second time in a generation, American forces

Back 72

launched a massive shipbuilding campaign to oppose British vessels on the high seas.

Front 73

The United States attempted to counter Britain's superior sea power by

Back 73

A.
turning to private schooners and sloops that captured more than 1,300 British vessels.
B.
launching an “arsenal of democracy” in the Atlantic.
C.
sticking strictly to land warfare.
D.
building as many Navy ships as possible.

Front 74

Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star Spangled Banner” after

Back 74

watching bombs burst in air over Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor.

Front 75

American's greatest military victory, ironically achieved after the War of 1812 had officially ended, was

Back 75

Andrew Jackson's defeat of a British invasion of New Orleans.

Front 76

What was the chief political importance of Andrew Jackson's victory at New Orleans?

Back 76

It launched Jackson on a political career that led to the presidency.

Front 77

According to the Treaty of Ghent, signed on December 24, 1814,

Back 77

England and America settled all boundary disputes.

Front 78

In America during the decade following the War of 1812,

Back 78

women entered the workforce on a more equal basis with men.
B.
paternalistic employment arrangements declined in favor of wage dependency and labor contracts.
C.
labor unions organized to strike for higher wages.
D.
wages fell when wartime contracts expired.

Front 79

Which of the following statements was not among the obstacles American traders had to overcome in order to trade with the Chinese?

Back 79

American traders did not have the ship technology to sail to China.

Front 80

Congress's land policy of selling sections of 640 acres at a dollar an acre prior to 1800

Back 80

restricted sales primarily to speculators.

Front 81

What innovation made the most dramatic difference to transportation in antebellum travel?

Back 81

the steam engine

Front 82

Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston launched the first successful

Back 82

steamboat.

Front 83

Why was the powered steamboat able to expand river trade dramatically?

Back 83

its ability to go upstream as well as downstream

Front 84

How significantly did the completion of the Erie Canal in 1823 lower freight rates for western products to eastern markets?

Back 84

90%

Front 85

Samuel Slater and Eli Whitney pioneered what?

Back 85

the Industrial Revolution

Front 86

What was the Waltham system?

Back 86

the integration of textile production from fiber to finished clothes

Front 87

After 1815 about half of the members of the United States Congress were engaged in what profession?

Back 87

law

Front 88

What rule of law was upheld in the case of Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819), a case concerning the charter of Dartmouth College?

Back 88

sanctity of contract

Front 89

Chief Justice John Marshall, writing for the Supreme Court in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), ruled that

Back 89

a state could not tax an institution created by the federal government because the power to tax it could lead to the power to destroy it.

Front 90

In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), Justice John Marshall established the principle that

Back 90

a monopoly in transportation could only be achieved with prior approval of the Department of Commerce.

Front 91

The death of the Shawnee leader Tecumseh marked the end of what?

Back 91

organized Indian resistance to white advances east of the Mississippi River

Front 92

The religious revival meetings held at Cane Ridge, Kentucky, in 1801, are characterized by all of the following except

Back 92

A.
the theology that was preached reflected Americans' experiences at the time, especially those of settlers moving west.
B.
it created waves of similar revival meetings especially in upstate New York.
C.
the formality of the older Presbyterian and Congregational churches did not nurture Americans' needs.
D.
the revivals, although intense, did not have long-term effects on American religious thinking.

Front 93

Religion in New England after the War of 1812

Back 93

A.
rejected state financial support such as exemption from taxation.
B.
saw the rise of splinter groups such as Unitarianism that held positive views of human nature and universal salvation.
C.
rejected its Calvinist orientation.
D.
abolished the Half-Way Covenant and admitted women to membership.

Front 94

Widespread religious revivals early in the nineteenth century were known as what?

Back 94

the Second Great Awakening

Front 95

Most Americans drew their concepts of the ideal society in terms of

Back 95

the language of Protestant Christianity.

Front 96

What influence undermined traditional autocratic governance in the workplace and homes?

Back 96

natural rebelliousness of youth

Front 97

Joseph Smith, son of farmers in western New York,

Back 97

founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

Front 98

According to beliefs of the Church of Latter-Day Saints, what is The Book of Mormon?

Back 98

translations of golden tablets describing God's intentions for the latter days of creation

Front 99

Which of the following were the result(s) of the Panic of 1819?

Back 99

all

Front 100

What would Andrew Jackson admire about Harriet Noble, her husband, and Americans like them?

Back 100

They were Americans who were willing to risk everything for new opportunities and freedom.

Front 101

James Madison changed his mind about what when he became president?

Back 101

the usefulness of a national bank

Front 102

President James Monroe

Back 102

favored nationalism although he was a Democratic Republican.

Front 103

A group of leaders who accepted the concept that a strong national government was a protection against localism and fragmentation were known as

Back 103

National Republicans.

Front 104

What was the American System?

Back 104

regional cooperation to achieve local goals in Congress

Front 105

Under President Monroe and the National Republicans the only item on their legislative agenda that did not fare well was

Back 105

stabilization of the currency.

Front 106

Under the Transcontinental Treaty,

Back 106

France sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States.

Front 107

The Transcontinental Treaty of 1819

Back 107

defined the United States as a nation that spanned the continent.

Front 108

What was proclaimed in the Monroe Doctrine?

Back 108

`The Western hemisphere was in the sphere of influence of the United States.

Front 109

The Monroe Doctrine mostly reflects the thinking and influence of

Back 109

former President James Madison.

Front 110

In 1819, Missouri petitioned Congress to be admitted as a _____ state.

Back 110

none of the above