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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. 10% plan
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Pardoned all Southerners (except high ranking military officers and Confederate officials) who took an oath pledging loyalty to the Union and support for emancipation. As soon as 10 percent of state's voters took this oath, they could call a convention, establish a new state government, and apply for congressional recognition.
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5. homestead act
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passed int 18162, it provided 160 acres of free land to any settler willing to live on it and improve it for five years, promoted massive westward migration.
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21. 14th amendment
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drafted by congress in June 1866, it defined citizenship to include African Americans, guaranteed equal protection before the law, and established the federal government as the guarantor of individual civil rights.
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22. 15 amendment
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constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1869 providing an explicit constitutional guarantee for black suffrage
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3. Civil Rights Act of 1875
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passed by congress in 1875, it required state governments to provide equal access in public facilities, such as school and to allow African Americans to serve on juries. was ruled unconstitutional in 1883.
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2. Freedman's bureau
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relief agency for the war-ravaged South created by congress in March 1865. provided emergency services, built schools, and managed confiscated lands.
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8. Frontier Thesis
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Historian Frederick Jackson Turner's 1893 theory that extolled the positive role the frontier had played in shaping the American character and consequently American institutions.
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15. Gilded Age
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the name for the period of 1877-1900 that suggested the amazing achievements of the period were like a thin gold layer that covered many unresolved social problems.
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11. Horizontal Integration
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Business organization where one company buys many other companies producing the same product to eliminate competition and achieve great efficient.
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4. Compromise of 1877
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Resolution of the disputed presidential election of 1876 that handed victory to the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. Democrats agreed to the deal in exchange for patronage and the continued removal of federal troops from the South.
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19. Farmer's Alliance
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organizations in the 1870s and the 1880s dedicated to helping farmers struggling with rising coasts and falling crop prices by advocating farmer cooperatives and laws to regulate banks and railroads.
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17. City Beautiful Movement
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a movement begun in the 1880s that advocated comprehensive planning and grand redesign of urban space to eliminate pollution and overcrowding.
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14. Monopoly
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exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices
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16. Political Machines
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Powerful urban political organizations that mobilized large blocks of working-class and immigrant voters and often engaged in corrupt and illegal activity.
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20. Pullman Strike
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A bitter strike than began on May 11, 1894, at the Pullman Palace Car Company and soon spread nationwide, paralyzing the railroad system. President Cleveland sent in federal troops and broke the strike.
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18. People's Party
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a third party effort launched in 1890 by a coalition of farmer organizations, reformers, and labor unions and dedicated to curbing corporate power and increasing the voice of the masses in politics.
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13. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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Authorized the Justice Department to prosecute any illegal contract, combination, or conspiracy among corporations that eliminated competition or restrained free trade.
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8. Laissez-faire
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(French for "let do" or leave alone) A philosophy that argued that the government should impose no retrains on business.
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6. Transcontinental railroad
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a line spanning the continental United States. Congress helped the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads build it by providing land grants, cash incentives, and loans.
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12. Trust
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a legally blinding deal bringing many companies in the same industry under the direction of a board of "Trustees".
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7. Wounded Knee Massacre
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U.S> soldiers open fire on a group of Sioux Indians on December 29, 1890, killing between two hundred and three hundred.
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10. Vertical Integration
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Business organization where one company controls the main phases of production of a product, from acquiring raw materials to retailing the finished goods.
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23. Andrew Carnegie
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Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.
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24. John D. Rockefeller
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John Davison Rockefeller was an American industrialist and philanthropist. He was the founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust.
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25. Sitting Bull
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Sitting Bull was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man who led his people as a tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies.
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26. Haymarket Riot
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On May 4, 1886 at Haymarket Square in Chicago, a bomb was thrown at a squad of policemen attempting to break up a labor rally.
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27. Jane Addams
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Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931. Was a pioneer settlement worker, founder of Hull House in Chicago, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in woman suffrage and world peace.
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28. Racob Riis
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Jacob August Riis was a Danish American social reformer, "muckraking" journalist and social documentary photographer. Cleaned up the slums. Author of the book "How the Other Half Lives".
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29. Coxey's Army
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Coxey's Army was a protest march by unemployed workers from the United States, led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey. They marched on Washington D.C. in 1894, the second year of a four-year economic depression that was the worst in United States history to that time.
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10. Grange movement
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The Grange, officially referred to as The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, is a fraternal organization in the United States which encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope. Major accomplishments credited to Grange advocacy include passage of the Granger Laws and the establishment of rural free mail delivery.
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31. How did freedmen envision and act on their freedom after the war?
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they hit the road. some wandered because they just could. others sought after sold loved ones. some became land owner. sought education. created black schools. ran their own churches.
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32. How did changing Northern attitudes affect the end of Reconstruction?
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33. What were the key economic developments in the South after 1877?
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34. Who were the silver kings?
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35. What major economic pursuits and industries developed in the West?
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36. How did images and myths about the American West develop and persist?
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37. in terms of race relations, what aspects of Reconstruction would you view as success? A failure?
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38. What challenges did American farmers face in establishing successful farms in the West?
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bad weather, inconstancy of price for their crops, isolation of being secluded from everyone else, and insects.
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39. What critical factors led to the conquest of native American tribes and their forced relocation to reservations?
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previously they had been pushed out west, but when we began to migrate there, they had no where else to go. Americans believed themselves to be superior to the Indians, and some believed the Indians were a dying breed and should be respected as such. Americans kept breaking treaties so Violence erupted. the sand creek massacre resulted, killing over 200 Indians in retaliation of sporadic attacks on settlers. discord between the tribes prevented them from banding together against the US. also, whites had more weapons and they were more advanced weapons at that. the rail road hired gunman to eliminate the buffalo which eliminated for some tribes their sole food source. American government did not provide troops to ensure whites stayed off Indian land. the battle of little big horn put pressure for military action which eventually forced them onto reservations.
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40. Why did the federal government provide land and loans to the companies that built the transcontinental railroad?
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41. Why did different groups migrate to the west?
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wealth and opportunity.
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42. What factors led to the rise of big business?
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43. How did industrial capitalism change American workers?
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44. What strengths did the United states possess in terms of resource,s culture, technology, and public policy that facilitated industrialization after 1865?
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45. Why were the Supreme Court and Congress so slow to curb the power of big business?
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46. How was advertising transformed after 1865? How did it effect the Industrial Revolution?
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47. Why did American workers have such a difficult time uniting to oppose abusive and exploitative employers?
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48. How did industrialization create a new opportunities for women? How and why were these opportunities limited?
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49. What role did the press play in promoting a negative impression of labor unions?
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50. How did government official defend the practice of making huge land grants to the railroads?
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51. What challenges emerged with the rise of large cities?
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52. How did the roles and expectations of women change?
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53. Why did nativists oppose immigration?
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54. How did varied forms of leisure reflect class differences?
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55. Who supported political machines and why? Why did reformers dislike political machines so much?
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