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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indian Removal Act
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- jackson sympathizes w citizens who are pushing for more land, even though that threatens Native Americans
- 1830s- signed - forces resettlement of NAs, have to go west of Mississippi if they weren't already there - most tribes complied bc they didnt wanna get forced out - Cherokee refuse, take it to court in Georgia - Jackson sides w the state - Cherokee lose - 15,000 have to leave |
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Nullification Crisis
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- Tariff of abominations- south isn't happy with it
- South Carolina wanted to declare it unconstitutional; were allowed to bc of Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - Jackson sends proclamation to South Carolina- saying they cant do that bc its treason; he was ready to use military force - compromise tariff and force bill were signed, but force bill was nullified, so Jackson couldn't use military force - compromise tariff lowered the tariff of abominations |
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Jackson's Bank War
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- Nicholas Bill- pres of bank
- Jackson- not a fan of the federal bank bank will need recharter soon - Henry Clay, runs against Jackson in 1832 - Jackson vetoes charter, is reelected and "kills" tha bank |
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Specie Circular
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makes it so that you cant use paper money to pay for federal land
- bank notes begin to lose value - Jackson steps down after 2nd term |
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Martin Van Buren
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runs for pres, previously VP
- pitted against William Henry 'Tippecanoe' Harrison - put log cabins on wheels and handed out hard cider to add to campaign (Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign |
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Harrison wins
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- dies quickly of pneumonia, only pres for 32 days
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Manifest Destiny
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- idea that it is the US's destiny to expand all the way west to the pacific ocean
- coined by John O Sullivan - reaches peak in 1840s |
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why expand?
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- nationalism
- want to prosper as a nation - we will have a lot of economic opportunities as a result of expanding - i.e. gold rush (1849) |
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2 main places where things start to escalate
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- texas
- oregon |
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Texas
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- had been an escalating problem for a while
- population had spiked - bc texas was part of Mexico @ the time - Mexico was encouraging immigration to texas - Moses Austin and his son, stephen- Moses gets land grant to immigrate to texas. brings 300 families w him - he dies before job is finished and son takes over |
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conflict in 1829 starts
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- slavery is outlawed in mexico
- texans refused to comply - most of settlers in texas are protestant - Mexico closes the gates - immigrants ignore this and keep going to texas anyway |
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Sam Houston
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cracks down on Texas
- march 1836- texas becomes independent under Sam Houston - Mexicans invade texas; the alamo, etc - Texans strike back - Texans capture Santa'Ana they get all territory north of Rio Grande river - Sam Houston and Texans wants US to annex them - Sam becomes pres of Texas US says no bc that's still MExico's territory - texas still allowed slavery too - US didnt like this - We dont want war w Mexico |
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John Tyler
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- worried about British growing influence in texans
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Oregon Territory
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- claim is bw US and Britain
- British claim they've been there a while - US claim bw an american captain discovered the river over there - in 1840s, surge of US settlers in Oregon |
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Oregon Trail
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- major population increase in oregon
- as things get tense in texas bc they're applying for statehood, we're trying to figure out what to do bc that would upset the balance of slave vs free states by a lot |
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Election of 1844
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- many americans wanted to take Oregon and Texas
- democrats oppose immediate annexation of texas |
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John C Calhoun
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pro slavery, pro annexation
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Van Burren
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- other candidate
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James K Polk
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3rd candidate, lesser known guy, last resort
- he is nominated bc Van Burren and Calhoun were not as "good" and no one could decide who to pick - he wins pres- actually keeps some of his promises - committed to Manifest Destiny 53 40 or fight- Oregon territory and Alaska - |
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Henry Clay
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- was against him
- starts his campaign well, but changes his views of annexation and nobody wanted him for pres anymore - Polk wins, has to deal w Mexican reaction to annexation of Texas |
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thats a problem
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- mexico considers texas a part of it still
- mex is mad |
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54 40
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changed
- Polk settles for the 489th parallel w the British - Vancouver Island is also British's - we got bigger things to worry about, like Mexico |
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@ first
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we try talking it out w mexico
- doesnt work mexico wants northern border of Mexico to be at ____ river - polk wanted it to be @ rio grande (more south) |
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Northern Whigs were opposed to war
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- but we go to war w mexico in 1846
- Mexican War - fought in small armies in mexican territory - militarily for mexico- war is a disaster for them - decide to accept US conditions |
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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nicholas trist negotiated it
- disupted territory became US's - Mexican Cession Territory becomes US's - we pay mex 15 million and forgive mexico and debt |
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Wilmot Provisio
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- whigs tried to pass it
- seeks to forbid slavery in any of the new territory they got from mexico - doesnt pass, they tried many times |
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Gadsden Purchase 1853
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- we get a little more of Mexico
- 1857- we get alaska |
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4 main causes of civil war
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- slavery
- state rights - economic differences - political extremism on both sides |
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slavery
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- south wants expansion of slavery
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state rights
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i.e. state rights to keep slavery legal
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economic differences
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- the north has been industrializing quickly
- south is just maintaining the same |
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political extremism on both sides
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- new territory brings slavery debate up
- Northern democrats and whigs dont want slavery in new territory. This would upset the balance of slave vs free states |
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Free Soilers
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- want to exclude slavery from new territory
- want to exclude blacks from new territory free or slave |
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South
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- wanted to expand slavery
- dont approve of free soilers views majority of southerners are pushing for slavery more and more aggressively |
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Popular Soveriengty
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said that the ppl in the mexican cession should vote if they want slavery or not
- Lewis Cass- democrat senator from michigan; leading spokesman |
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Cass lost election to
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General Zachary Taylor
- there was a 3rd candidate. the free soilers nominated Van Buren |
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Gold Rush of 1849
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brings 100,000 settlers to Northern California
- miners called 49ers - 1849- Californians begin drafting a constitution for their statehood - wanted to ban slavery - Taylor supports California, regardless of him owning slaves |
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Nashville 1850
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talk about seceding
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compromise of 1850
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- cali will be admitted as a free state
- utah and new mexico will be under popular sovereignty - new fugitive state law adopted -- problem for northerners -- if a slave escapes to the north, that slave can be returned to their plantation |
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Taylor doesn't support the compromise
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- but he dies
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Millard Fillmore
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- takes his spot, passes the compromise
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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- anti slavery book
- laid groundwork for cvil war |
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by 1852
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- its clear things are gonna deteriorate
- whigs- pretend slavery issue doesn't exist - pierce- northerner, new hampshire politician -- sweeps election |
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1854- douglass wins
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word
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Kansas Nebraska Act
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- bribes
- douglass wants a transcontinental road - proposes all leftover from Lousiana purchase is divided - population will vote under popular sovereignty - more debate happens bw north and south - it repeals the compromise of 1850 - North is mad @ their own party - South is happy bc they have a chance to win more slave states - Republican party is formed as a result; consist of freesoilers, anti-slavey whigs, and democrats |
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election of 1856
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John C freemont nominated for Republicans
- James Buchanan- democrats - Buchanan wins- freemont gets 11 of the 16 free states however. thats a lot for a new party - debate turns violent in kansas (bleeding kansas) - slaveholders start moving to kansas to try to get more pro slavery ppl there - anti-slavery ppl do the same and try to grow their population --> mainly in Topeka - violence i.e. pro slavery ppl burned down houses i.e. James brown attacked a pro slavery farmed w some peeps. killed 5 - Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner w a Cane. He becomes a sort of martyr. Sumner made a anti slavery speech that called out Brooks' uncle |
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La Compton Legislature
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applies kansas as a state as a slave state
- but its not right bc most of the ppl there wanted free kansas still, not slave - Buchanan was in favor of the compton legislature and asked congress to approve |
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Dred Scott Decision
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- supreme court decision
- Dred Scott- slave in missouri - taken to free territory in wisconsin for 2 yrs then came back - sues owner for freedom bc he lived in free territory - supreme court decides no hes not free bc 1. he cant even sue bc hes a slave 2. deprivation of property is unconstitutional. slaves are property - congress cannot exclude slavery from any federal territory. this just opened the west to slavery |
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Senator Steven Douglass
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made a name for himself thru Kansas Nebraska Act
- down the road, he knows the US will be either all for or all against slavery - ran against lincoln |
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Freeport Doctrine
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as a result, we start to see a split in the democratic party
- said during a lincoln v douglass debate |
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Election of 1860
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democratic part is falling apart
- we have 2 democratic nominees- douglas, breckinridge - republicans- Lincoln; wants exclusion of slavery from territories |
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Dec 1860
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South Carolina candidates discuss secession
-they secede either states follow- like Georgia, Florida, Texas |
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Lincoln reassures south he just wants to work things out
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word
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Fort Sumter
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where first shots of civil war were fired
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April 12, 1861
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- 1st shots of democrats were fired and they take fort sumpter
- union holds onto maryland |
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advantages in north and south
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militarily
politically economically |
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militarily
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south has more advantages
- its a defensive war for them - their troops dont needa travel as far - south is big - long jagged coastline, hard to blockade - south has better commanders -north has to conquer a BIG area - gotta travel farther - but they have a big population in north - north has 22 million white males - south doesnt wanna arm slaves - north has a loyal navy |
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economically
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- north has better economy; always has
- biggest crop in south is cotton- relying on cotton diplomacy ---banking on making allies off this; relying on outside help - south thinks this is the revolution pt 2 |
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Politically
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- North has advantage- unified govt
- already has an established govt - confederate congress cant make big financial decisions or levy stuff bc of weak central govt- states have power - confederate currency is bad, money isnt worth a lot |
