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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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History |
study of significant past human events |
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Factors to comsider something as historical |
• Definite time and place • Social in nature • Socially significant |
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Historiography |
• The art of writing human memory • The imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data derived by that process |
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Heirarchy of human past from largest to smallest scope |
observed -> remembered -> recorded -> gets historian attention -> credible -> grasped -> expounded and narrated |
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Historical Sources |
tangible remains of the past |
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2 Classifications of Historical sources |
1. Primary Sources 2. Secondary Sources |
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Primary sources |
eyewitness account; material that came at the time of the historical event |
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Secondary sources |
testimony; not present at time of historical event |
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Categories of Primary Sources |
1. Written Sources 2. Artifacts 3. Images 4. Oral Testimonies |
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Repositories |
where primary sources are stored, maintained, and preserved |
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Historical Analysis |
critically examine and analyze records and survival of the past |
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Historical Revisionism |
modification of the past to either suit the present needs or legitimize prevailing interest |
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Historical Revisionism |
Legitimate alterations of history due to newly evidenced, fairly academic reinterpretation of history |
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Historical Distortion |
illegitimate alterations of history that result from falsification or distortion of the historical record |
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Sensitivity to Multiple Causation |
Historical thinking that consider a wide range of factors and conditions that lead to the events investigated |
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Sensitivity to Context |
serious effort to bridge the cultural and temporal gap between the past and the present |
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Awareness of Continuity and Change in Human Affairs |
every situation is an amalgam of the old (continuity) and the new (change) |
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Multiperspectivity |
understanding history from various vantage points |
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2 Types of Criticism |
1. External Criticism 2. Internal Criticism |
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External Criticism |
determine authenticity and genuineness; examine external factors that may influence the content of a historical document |
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Internal Criticism |
determine true meaning and value of statements in a document; test truthfulness and honesty |
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Bias |
when statements reflect partiality, preference or prejudice for and against a person, object or idea |
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Four Stages of Historical Consciousness |
1. History as fact 2. History as causal sequence 3. History as complexity 4. History as interpretation |
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History as fact |
Level of historical consciousness that lacks any sense of causal relationship that give meaning to the study of the past |
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History as causal sequence |
Views history as cause and effect but may encounter contradiction which caused confusion |
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History as complexity |
Views historical narratives as dependent on interest and point of view which gives explanation to contradiction but cannot provide absolute truth |
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History as interpretation |
Acceptance that history cannot provide absolute truth and this acceptance rather help historians and researchers extract maximum intellectual benefit |
