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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Louis Sullivan
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was an American architect, and has been called the "father of modernism." He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to architects of the Prairie School.
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Flatiron Building, NY
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which when constructed was called the Fuller Building, was one of the tallest buildings in New York City upon its completion in 1902. The building, at 175 Fifth Avenue in the borough of Manhattan, sits on a triangular island block at 23rd Street, Fifth Avenue, and Broadway, anchoring the south (downtown) end of Madison Square. The neighborhood around the building is called the Flatiron District after its signature building.
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Frank Lloyd Wright
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1867-1959, American architect, b. Richland Center, Wis. Wright is widely considered the greatest American architect. After studying civil engineering at the Univ. of Wisconsin, he worked for seven years in the office of Dankmar Adler and Louis H. Sullivan in Chicago.
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"Prairie School"
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is a residential neighborhood in the Cook County, Illinois village of Oak Park, United States. The Frank Lloyd Wright Historic District is both a federally designated historic district listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and a local historic district within the village of Oak Park. The districts have differing boundaries and contributing properties, over 80 of which were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, widely regarded as the greatest American architect to have ever lived.
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skyscraper
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is a very tall, continuously habitable building.
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John Augustus Robling
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(born Johann August Röbling, June 12, 1806 in Mühlhausen - July 22, 1869) was a German-born civil engineer famous for his wire rope suspension bridge designs, in particular, the design of the Brooklyn Bridge.
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Brooklyn Bridge, NY
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one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States, stretches 5,989 feet (1825 m) over the East River connecting the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. On completion, it was the largest suspension bridge in the world and the first steel-wire suspension bridge.
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Augustus Saint-Gaudens
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was the Irish-born American sculptor of the Beaux-Arts generation who most embodied the ideals of the "American Renaissance." Raised in New York City, he traveled to Europe for further training and artistic study, and then returned to major critical success in the design of monuments commemorating heroes of the American Civil War, many of which still stand. He esigned the twenty-dollar "double eagle" gold piece, for the US Mint in 1905-7, still considered the most beautiful American coin ever issued as well as the $10 "Indian Head" gold eagle, both of which were minted from 1907 until 1933.
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Frederick Law Olmsted
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was an American landscape designer and father of American landscape architecture, famous for designing many well-known urban parks, including Central Park and Prospect Park in New York City.
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"3 R's"
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a widely-used abbreviation for the basic elements of a primary school curriculum: reading, ’riting (writing), and ’rithmetic (arithmetic)
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kindergarten
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ystem of preschool education. Friedrich Froebel designed (1837) the kindergarten to provide an educational situation less formal than that of the elementary school but one in which children's creative play instincts would be organized constructively.
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Americanization
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term used to describe the movement during the first quarter of the 20th cent. whereby the immigrant in the United States was induced to assimilate American speech, ideals, traditions, and ways of life.
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Howard University
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It was founded in 1867 by Gen. Oliver O. Howard of the Freedmen's Bureau, to provide education for newly emancipated slaves.
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W. E. B. DuBois
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was a black civil rights activist, leader, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar. He became a naturalized citizen of Ghana in 1963 at the age of 95.
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Booker T. Washington
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was an American educator, author and leader of the African American community. He was freed from slavery as a child, gained an education, and as a young man was appointed to lead a teachers' college for blacks. From this position of leadership he rose into a nationally prominent role as spokesman for African Americans.
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Tuskegee Institute
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a private university located in Tuskegee, Alabama headed by Booker T. Washington and founded by Lewis Adams.
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dime novel
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forms of late 19th century and early 20th century U.S. popular fiction, including “true” dime novels, story papers, five and ten cent weekly libraries, “thick book” reprints and sometimes even early pulp magazines.
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lynching
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unlawfully hanging or otherwise killing a person by mob action. The term lynching is most commonly applied to racist violence in the post-Civil War American South.
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Ida B. Wells
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was an African American civil rights advocate and an early women's rights advocate active in the Woman Suffrage Movement. Fearless in her opposition to lynchings, Wells documented hundreds of these atrocities.
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Literacy test
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refers to the government practice of testing the literacy of potential citizens at the federal level, and potential voters at the state level.
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poll tax
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a capital tax levied equally on every adult in the community. The poll tax did provide large sums for many governments until well into the 1800s.
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grandfather clause
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provision in constitutions (adopted 1895-1910) of seven post-Reconstruction Southern states that exempted those persons who had been eligible to vote on Jan. 1, 1867, and their descendants from rigid economic and literacy requirements for voting.
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minstrel show
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The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface or, especially after the American Civil War, African Americans in blackface. "Jim Crow"s
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Jim Crow Laws
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statutes enacted by Southern states and municipalities, beginning in the 1880s, that legalized segregation between blacks and whites. The name is believed to be derived from a character in a popular minstrel song.
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segregation
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to separate from a group.
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John L. Sullivan
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was recognized as the first heavyweight champion of bare-knuckle boxing from February 7 1882 to 1892. The son of Irish immigrants and was known as "The Boston Strongboy".
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James J. "Gentleman Jim" Corbett
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was a heavyweight boxing champion. He was best known as "Gentleman Jim", the man who defeated the great John L. Sullivan. He also coached boxing at the Olympic Club in San Francisco.
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Abner Doubleday
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once credited as originator of baseball and Union general in the American Civil War, b. Saratoga co., N.Y., grad. West Point, 1842. The A. G. Mills commission (1905-8) investigated the origin of baseball and, based upon a single, unsubstantiated letter from an elderly man who later died in an insane asylum, declared that in 1839 Doubleday invented the game at Cooperstown, N.Y.
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melodramas
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a play, film, or other work in which plot and action are emphasized in comparison to the more character-driven emphasis within a drama. Melodramas can also be distinguished from tragedy by the fact that they are open to having a happy ending, but this is not always the case.
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vaudeville
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a live entertainment consisting of unrelated songs, dances, acrobatic and magic acts, and humorous skits and sketches by a variety of performers and acts, each on stage for about five minutes.
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P. T. Barnum
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was an American showman who is best remembered for his entertaining hoaxes and for founding the circus that eventually became the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.
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Scott Joplin
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was an American musician and composer of ragtime music. He remains the best-known ragtime figure and is regarded as one of the three most important composers of classic ragtime, along with James Scott and Joseph Lamb.
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D. W. Griffith
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was a premier pioneering Academy Award-winning American film director. He is best known as the director of the controversial 1915 film The Birth of a Nation and the subsequent film Intolerance (1916).
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The Birth of a Nation (1915
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is one of the most influential and controversial films in the history of American cinema. Set during and after the American Civil War and directed by D. W. Griffith, the film was based on Thomas Dixon's The Clansman, a novel and play, and was released on February 8, 1915. The Birth of a Nation is important in film history for its innovative technical and narrative achievements, and for its status as the first Hollywood "blockbuster." It is also hugely controversial, both in its own day and today, for its promotion of white supremacism and glorification of the Ku Klux Klan.
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Charlie Chaplin
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was an Academy Award-winning English comedy actor. Chaplin became one of the most famous actors as well as a notable director, composer and musician in the early to mid Hollywood cinema era. He is considered to have been one of the finest mimes and clowns ever caught on film and has greatly influenced performers in this field.
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Daniel Burnham
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designed several famous buildings, including the Flatiron Building in New York City and Union Station in Washington D.C.
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Orville & Wilbur Wright
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generally credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight on December 17, 1903.
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Kitty Hawk, NC
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where the Wright brothers experimented successfully (1900-1903) with gliders and airplanes
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William Bullock
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an American inventor whose 1863 invention of the web rotary printing press helped revolutionize the printing industry due to its great speed and efficiency. A few years after his invention, Bullock was accidentally killed by his own web rotary press.
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linotype
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a "line casting" machine used in printing
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George Eastman
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creator of Kodak Industries
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Kodak
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an American multinational public company which produces imaging and photographic materials and equipment
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photo-journalism
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a particular form of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast) that creates images in order to tell a news story.
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Mary Cassatt
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American figure painter and etcher, b. Pittsburgh. Most of her life was spent in France, where she was greatly influenced by her great French contemporaries, particularly Manet and Degas, whose friendship and esteem she enjoyed.
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Thomas Eakins
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American painter, photographer, and sculptor, b. Philadelphia, where he worked most of his life. Eakins is considered the foremost American portrait painter and one of the greatest artists of the 19th century
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Ashcan School
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a realist artistic movement that came into prominence in the United States during the early twentieth century, best known for works portraying scenes of daily life in poor urban neighborhoods
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Mark Twain
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his best work: The Gilded Age (1873), a satirical novel written with Charles Dudley Warner about materialism and corruption in the 1870s
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Theodore Dreiser
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A pioneer of naturalism in American literature, Dreiser wrote novels reflecting his mechanistic view of life, a concept that held humanity as the victim of such ungovernable forces as economics, biology, society, and even chance
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Willa Cather
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novelist, wrote O Pioneers!, My Ántonia, and Death Comes for the Archbishop
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Edith Wharton
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novelist, wrote The Age of Innocence
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Henry James
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one of the founders and leaders of a school of realism in fiction; the fine art of his writing has led many academics to consider him the greatest master of the novel and novella form. He spent much of his life in England and became a British subject shortly before his death
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public accommodations (particularly railroads), under the doctrine of "separate but equal".
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seperate but equal
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a set phrase denoting the system of segregation that justifies giving different groups of people separate facilities or services with the declaration that the quality of each group's public facilities remain equal
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racial ettiquette
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???
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Atlanta Compromise
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an address on the topic of race relations given by black leader Booker T. Washington on September 18, 1895
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NAACP
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one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States. The NAACP was founded on February 12, 1909 by a diverse group composed of W. E. B. Du Bois (African American), Ida B. Wells (African American), Archibald Grimke (African American), Henry Moskowitz (white-Jewish), Mary White Ovington (White), Oswald Garrison Villard (German-born White), and William English Walling (White, and son of a former slave owning family), to work on behalf of the rights of African Americans. Its name, retained in accord with tradition, is one of the last surviving uses of the term "colored people." The group is based in Baltimore, Maryland.
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debt peonage
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means of paying off loans with direct labor instead of currency or goods.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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a United States federal law passed on May 6, 1882, following 1880 revisions to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration, and Congress subsequently acted quickly to implement the suspension of Chinese immigration, a ban that lasted over 60 years.
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Joseph Pulitzer
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best known for posthumously establishing the Pulitzer Prizes and (along with William Randolph Hearst) for originating yellow journalism.
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William Randolph Hearst
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American journalist and publisher, b. San Francisco. A flamboyant, highly controversial figure, Hearst was nonetheless an intelligent and extremely competent newspaperman.
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yellow journalism
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a pejorative reference to journalism that features scandal-mongering, sensationalism, or other unethical or unprofessional practices by news media organizations or journalists. It has been loosely defined as "not quite libel".
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shopping arcade
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a building or set of buildings that contain a variety of retail units, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit.
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Marshall Fields'
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an iconic Chicago, Illinois, department store that grew to become a major chain before being acquired by Cincinnati-based Federated Department Stores on August 30, 2005.
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F.W. Woolworth
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founder of Woolworth's Retail Company
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five and dime
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a retail store that sells inexpensive items, usually with a single price point for all items in the store
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