History - Between The World Wars

Front 1

Influenza Pandemic

Back 1

(1918-1919)
-also called the spanish influenza
-mysterious and fast spreading
-left more than 21 million dead
-doctors knew little about it and couldn't treat it
-disappeared as quickly as it came

Front 2

What was the response of the world to the devastation and death from WWI?

Back 2

-changing ideas about certain nations and cultures
-anxiety and concern among/for the people
-concern about scientific advancements

Front 3

Moral Relativism

Back 3

the idea that one set of principles may not be good for all groups

Front 4

Pandemic

Back 4

an epidemic that spreads over a large geographic area and effects a significant amount of the population

Front 5

What was the lost generation? Name two people

Back 5

Groups of authors expressing delusionment with the world and traditional ideas
-Ernest Hemingway
-F. Scott Fitzgerald (The Great Gatsby)

Front 6

What was surrealism? Name one person

Back 6

The artistic idea that brought the conscious and unconscious mind together to portray life in a dreamlike way
-Salvador Dali

Front 7

What is cubism? Name one person

Back 7

influenced by African art, using shapes and geometric designs often seeing a subject from multiple points of view at once
-Pablo Picasso

Front 8

What is functionalism? name one person.

Back 8

buildings designed for their specific use instead of in a specific style
-Frank Lloyd Wright (Falling Water)

Front 9

Popular Culture

Back 9

the 1920's were marked by a rise in leisure activities and increased purchase of consumer goods such as movies, sports (golf, tennis, soccer, modern olympics, football), radio, and the automobile

Front 10

Flappers

Back 10

new attitudes for young women (shorter hair and skirts)

Front 11

What were the three signs of economic trouble after the war?

Back 11

farmers began suffering
protectionism
speculation + panic

Front 12

How were the farmers suffering after WWI?

Back 12

-Farmland destroyed by war
-american Farmers with equipment loans have problems paying debt when crop demands fail
-agricultural prices drop

Front 13

How/Why did countries begin nationalization/protectionism?

Back 13

-nations try to protect domestic industries by limiting import from other countries
-this policy usually failed
-if countries were prevented from selling goods in the US, they wouldn't be able to afford buying US goods or pay their debts
-American banks and businesses loaned money to Europe, driving them further into debt

Front 14

How did WWI cause speculation and panic among the people?

Back 14

during the 1920's, millions of americans are involved in market speculation, or risky investments in the stock market

Front 15

What were the three signs of economic trouble after the war?

Back 15

farmers began suffering
protectionism
speculation + panic

Front 16

How were the farmers suffering after WWI?

Back 16

-Farmland destroyed by war
-american Farmers with equipment loans have problems paying debt when crop demands fail
-agricultural prices drop

Front 17

How/Why did countries begin nationalization/protectionism?

Back 17

-nations try to protect domestic industries by limiting import from other countries
-this policy usually failed
-if countries were prevented from selling goods in the US, they wouldn't be able to afford buying US goods or pay their debts
-American banks and businesses loaned money to Europe, driving them further into debt

Front 18

How did WWI cause speculation and panic among the people?

Back 18

during the 1920's, millions of americans are involved in market speculation, or risky investments in the stock market

Front 19

Black Tuesday

Back 19

October 29, 1929
-investors on the new york stock exchange panic when there is bad economic news
-fearing prices will drop, investors rush to sell their shares
-the sell-off causes prices to crash w/ many stocks becoming worthless overnight

Front 20

How did the USA try and help the citizens during the great depression?

Back 20

issued programs to assist citizens in troubled times.
there was no unemployment insurance or government relief programs
-americans who lost their jobs could rely on savings or rely on charity to feed themselves

Front 21

Who was the president at the beginning of the depression? What did he do about the depression?

Back 21

Herbert Hoover
-kept thinking prosperity was just around the corner
-laissez faire attitude towards business
-efforts to end the depression were unsuccessful

Front 22

Who became president during the great depression? What did he do?

Back 22

Franklin Delano Roosevelt
-elected in 1932
-created a program of relief called the new deal which gave federal money to each state to provide relief for the needy and publics works programs to create jobs (building parks, public buildings, and infrastructure throughout the USA)

Front 23

Social Security act of 1935

Back 23

-provides unemployment and old age benefits

Front 24

What some changes made to government under FDR's governance?

Back 24

-stricter regulations on banks + stock exchanges
-establishes 40 hour workweek and minimum wage
even with this effort, the depression did not end

Front 25

Maginot Line

Back 25

-series of steel and concrete fortifications built along 200 miles of the French/German border in an attempt to prevent further German invasions (very expensive)

Front 26

What were France's economic problems after the war?

Back 26

-high prices hurt workers and lower middle class
-government owed people and the USA for war materials
-need to rebuild war damages
-military protectionism expands to prevent invasion

Front 27

What was the Locarno pact?

Back 27

1925
-major European countries meet in Switzerland and agree to peacefully settle future disputes
-guarantees the border between France and Germany

Front 28

What was the cause of the political unrest in France/ how did this lead to the formation of the popular front?

Back 28

-the depression began to effect france and people lose faith in the government
-right wing groups demand a change from a republic to a dictatorship
-left wing unions respond with a general strike
-popular front (left wing socialist party) takes power in 1936

Front 29

What were some changes/problems with the popular front?

Back 29

-persuaded French industries to raise wages, ending the general strike
-bank of France comes under government control (nationalization)
-weapons industry becomes partially nationalized
-prices continue to increase, so increased wages don't mean anything
-division within the political party lead it to only stay in power for one year

Front 30

What happened to France after the popular Front?

Back 30

many labor reforms were cancelled and opposition to government increase. France remains a democracy but radical political parties gain support and bitter division grows

Front 31

What kind of government did Britain form after WWI?

Back 31

Coalition government (government in which several political parties pledge to work together) between the liberal party and the labor party
-sets a tight budget
-protects British industry from foreign competitors
(this helps the economy recover and avoid the social and political unrest that destroys the rest of europe

Front 32

Irish nationalism (Great Britain

Back 32

•1800s - Irish nationalists demand independence from Great Britain. This continues through WWI
•Following WWI, a series of bloody conflicts takes place between Irish Republican Army (IRA) and British troops
•This continues until a 1922 compromise is reached to avoid war

Front 33

Irish Compromise (1922)

Back 33

•Britain divides Ireland to avoid war
o Catholic Southern Ireland becomes the self-governing Irish Free State (now the Republic of Ireland)
o Protestant Northern Ireland remains in the United Kingdom
o Civil war and conflict continues over divided Ireland
(Irish Nationalists Continue to protest this split and argues for a fully free, united Ireland throughout the 20th century.)

Front 34

Fascism

Back 34

(like communism in the way that they both tried to control people through force and censorship) relied heavily on dictatorship and totalitarianism/ was very nationalistic and militaristic. It favored the upper and middle classes

Front 35

Fascist Ideas

Back 35

•Relied on dictatorship and totalitarianism
•Strongly nationalistic and militaristic
•Opposed communism and democracy
•Promised to preserve social classes and ownership of private property
•Appealed to the middle and upper class (as opposed o communism which appealed to the working class)

Front 36

Weimar Republic

Back 36

•The German Federal Republic first meets in Weimar and becomes known as the Weimar Republic
•The German people are unhappy with the Weimar Republic because:
o They signed the treaty of Versailles
o Germany has severe economic problems, high unemployment, and huge inflation
o Money lost value so quickly that it soon had no value

Front 37

Adolph Hitler

Back 37

• Mein Kampf book (written in jail) outlines Hitler’s plan for racial purity
• By 1927 – Hitler’s anti-Semitism begins to turn into real discrimination against Jews
•To gain support, Hitler promises to:
o Repeal the Treaty of Versailles
o Restore German military power
o Recover lost territory
o Create the “Master Race” in Germany

Front 38

Beer Hall Putsch (1923)

Back 38

•An uprising held by Adolph Hitler and extreme nationalists to protest the weak government and poor economic conditions
•Leaders are jailed, but they are able to use this to gain support for the Nazi Party
•Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party) – extremely nationalistic, anti-Semitic, and anti-communist party)
•While in prison for the putsch, Hitler write Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Front 39

How did the Nazis Gain power?

Back 39

•By 1932, the Nazis have more seats in the Reichstag (a house of German Parliament) than any other party
•1933 – Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany

Front 40

War Communism/New Economic Policy

Back 40

• In 1922, Russia is renamed the USSR and the country is divided into fifteen separate republics led by the soviets
• 1918-1921- Lenin’s war communism causes the economy to face near collapse. As a result, Lenin introduces his new economic policy (NEP)
• Major industries under government control
• Individuals can buy, sell, and trade farm products
• During the revolution, land had been seized from the nobles and divided among the peasants. At this time, the government tries to persuade the peasants to form Collective farms, or land pooled into large farms on which people work together as a group. This worked in the USSR because it allowed the peasants to share scarce modern machinery.

Front 41

Stalin Vs. Trotsky

Back 41

•Lenin dies in 1924 and Leon Trotsky and Stalin compete for power
•By 1928 – Stalin is the victor, he exiles Trotsky and later has him murdered

Front 42

The Five Year Plan

Back 42

• Stalin ends the NEP and returns to a command economy (government controls all industries and economic decisions)
• Goals of the 5 year plan are:
o Turn the USSR into a modern industrialized nation
• Industrial economy grew but consumer goods became scarcer causing hard times for the Soviet Workers
o Increases agricultural output to allow enough surplus for export
•Forced collective farming failed, causing hardships, crop failure, and famine (millions of peasants died

Front 43

Russian Government under Stalin

Back 43

• Secret police and spies used to maintain power. People were forced to comply or face imprisonment or death
• Religion and art controlled by the government
o Discouraged religion, killed priests, rabbis, and outlawing religious instruction
o Censored and controlled work of artists, musicians, and writers
• Government appeared democratic but in reality, It was controlled by the politburo (leadership of the communist party)
• Dictatorship got harsher over time and in 1934, Stalin responds to government unrest with a purge (large scale elimination of those suspected of party disloyalty
• Purge expands to include the general population and people can be imprisoned without a trial or for minor offenses
• Scholars estimate by 1939, more than 5 million people had been arrested, deported, imprisoned, or executed

Front 44

Soviet Foreign Policy

Back 44

• USSR wants the acceptance of other countries, but supports the spread of communism and urges workers in other countries to rebel against democracy. This policy causes fear and suspicion outside of the Soviet Union

Front 45

Issues with Japanese expansion

Back 45

• Meiji restoration modernizes and industrializes Japan and allows Japan to begin focusing on expansion
• Reasons for expansion
o New territory would provide both raw materials and markets for its products
o Would show the Western nations how far Japan had progressed
Korea & Manchuria
• Although independent after the treaty of Shimonoseki, Japan soon controlled the Korea (not formally)
• Russia is interested in Manchuria, to prevent this, Japan forms an alliance with GB (Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902) to encourage Russian to leave Manchuria

Front 46

Russo-Japanese War

Back 46

• February 1904 – without declaring war, Japan attacked the Russian troops out of Port Arthur, igniting a war
• Although Japan is winning the war, the cost and losses are a strain on their economy, as a result they ask president Theodore Roosevelt to negotiate a treaty ending the war

Front 47

Militarism

Back 47

•As opposition to westernization grows, Japan’s military leaders gain political influence

Front 48

Treaty Of Portsmouth (1905)

Back 48

• Ended the Russo-Japanese war
• Russia gave Japan territory in Southeast Asia and negotiated Japan’s claims on Korea. Russia also aggress to withdraw troops from Manchuria
• Treaty gives Japan
o And end to competition in Manchuria
o Worldwide recognition of Japan’s strength

Front 49

Modernization in Japan

Back 49

• Increasing population causes a food supply shortage
o Many Japanese citizens emigrate to other nations, the US lets in Europeans, but we don’t let in the Japs. They get pissy
• Economic troubles:
o Lack of raw materials forces import of expensive raw materials and goods causing economic hardship
• Social Tensions:
o Questioning of traditional Japanese values
o Adoption of western ideas
o Change to factory system