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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is patriotism |
The feeling that it is your duty to sight up for the war
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When did war break out |
August 1914 |
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What is propoganda |
Spreading information that is designed to promote a cause |
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When did soldiers believe the war was going to be over |
By Christmas |
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What was two reasons that men wanted to join the war effort |
Away from the daily grind and the excitement of traveling to new countries |
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What was the economic advantages of being a soldier |
The prospect of decent wage and employment |
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Why did the Germans build trenches |
Because they were stopped by artillery and machine gun fire |
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What were the three types of trench called |
Frontline trench Support trench Reserve trench |
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What was a artillery weapon |
Large gun that fired explosive shells |
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What percentage of soldiers died as a cause of an artillery gun |
50 percent |
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When did the British start to use accurate artillery guns |
1918 |
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How many bullets could a machine gun fire |
500 bullets per minute |
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How many people did it take to men a machine gun |
Up to 6 |
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What were the problems with a machine gun |
They could easily overheat and were hard to move around the battlefield |
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When was gas first used |
1915 |
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What were the most commonly used gases |
Phosgene Chlorine Mustard |
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What did phosgene and chlorine do to you |
Choked you Burned your throats and internal organs Often killing the soldiers |
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What did mustard gas do to you |
It would make horrific burns when it touched skin It could cause blindness And in severe cases death |
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Why was mustard gas such a problem for scots |
Because they wore kilts |
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What did soldiers have to protect them at the end of the war |
well made gas masks |
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When did the British first use tanks |
1916 |
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Why were tabks not affective in 1916 |
Because they got stuck in mud were slow and often broke down |
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By 1917 what improvements did they make in tanks |
They had stronger armour were a little quicker and could now get past barbed wire |
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What was one tactic that the British used in 1918 |
They used tanks and artillery shells for cover while the soldiers marched into no mans land |
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What were planes mostly used for at the start of WW1 |
They were mainly used to spot the location of the enemy |
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What were planes like 4 years after the war had started |
They were faster stronger and could now carry machine guns and bombs |
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What air vehicle did the Germans use to take part in early air rades |
Zeplins |
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Why did the Germans stop using zeplins |
In late 1916 they abandoned them because they were to big and could easily be shot out of the sky |
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What was morning hate |
It was in the morning when soldiers all stood to attention to make sure the enemy wouldn’t attack |
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Give some examples of work that could be done in the trenches |
Fixing duck boards or refilling sand bags |
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What was the food like |
Tasteless and sometimes rotten and covered in bugs |
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What is trench foot |
Trench foot is when soldiers got there feet so cold from water-logged trenches and there feet got so cold and dirty so much that there feet go numb and start turning blue or red. Then eventually cause infection and in extreme cases people had to get there feet amputated |
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What does DORA stand for |
Defence of the realm act |
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Why is trench fever |
It was when Lice would bite soldiers the soldiers would then itch this causing cuts this would then get infected because of the dirty conditions which would cause trench fever(some form of flu) |
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What is shell shock |
It is when a soldier goes insane because of all the death and destruction he has seen this is very like ptsd |
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What would happen if you were caught fleeing the battle field |
You would be put in front of a firing squad |
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What were 3 reasons that population increased after 1760 |
Fall in death rate More children were making it past infantry And the influx of immigration to Britain |
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How did industrialisation cause a higher population |
Because there was more clothes needed people started to work in factories earning more money . Now having enough money to marry younger and therefore have children younger |
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What was the biggest migrations during the 18th centuary |
The Irish coming over because they were starving Ireland because of the potato crops failing |
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In the 1750s were did most people live |
In rural areas such as farms |
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Why did people move to the towns and cities |
Work Entertainment To make more money and have a new life |
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What kind of overcrowding occurred |
17 people living in an area of 5m by 4m |
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What were some disadvantages of the cramp housing |
The spread of disease Damp Cramp |
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What was wrong with the housing built when there was an influx of people |
Many land lords built shoddily built housing fast so they could make money as quick as possible |
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What was wrong with the toilets in shoddily built streets |
They were communal and were often just holes in the ground |
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What was the nuisance removal act 1855 |
It allowed the government to rate down slums to build new ones |
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What was a problem with the removal act 1855 |
Many people were driven out of there house because it was not safe enough |
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What was another problem with all the housing acts |
The government had the power to do something but were not forced to do anything |
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Why did most people die in the 19th centuary |
Poor diet Poor working conditions Dirty drinking water |
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How did you get cholera |
From people drinking dirty water |
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What were the symptoms of cholerea |
It caused diarrhoea and vomiting which made you dehydrated you eventually died because of dehydration |
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Why was the drinking water so dirty |
Because people would chuck toilet waste and there everyday rubbish into the river were people drank from |
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What caused typhus |
Lice bites |
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What were the symptoms of typhus |
When the lice bite you, you would develop a fever known as typhus fever which would give you a bad cough and red spots this would then slowly kill you |
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Why was scarlet fever so contagious |
Because you could get it by the person with it just breathing on you |
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What are the symptoms of scarlet fever |
Coughing Sneezing Having a temperature And in most occasions death |
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When was DORA introduced |
8th August 1914 |
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What did DORA overall do |
Gave the government new powers and more control over everyday life in Britain |
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What industries did the government take over with DORA |
Coal mining Ship building Railways |
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What were the laws in DORA that insured workers were productive |
British summer time introduced Opening hours in bars were cut Beer was watered down Customers in pubs were not allowed to by a round |
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What laws were passed that were to protect sensitive information getting out |
No one was allowed to talk about military matters in public places No one was allowed binoculars No one could use invisible ink when writing abroad The government could censor newspapers |
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What was the censorship used by the government |
They censored newspapers and soldiers letters Films were made to make British look strong and fierce and the Germans look like bum billing idiots They also encouraged newspapers to make up stories |
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What jobs did women take over when all the men went to war |
Tram and bus conductors Typists Secretaries Mechanics Shipbuilding Mining Farmers And finally munition workers |
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What is dilution |
It was when the government did not allow women to be fully trained so that the jobs would be safe for when the highly trained men came back |
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What happened to women after the war |
They went back to what they usually were before the war such as housekeepers and mothers but in 1918 women over 30 got the vote some think that this is due to there war contributions |
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What was a reserved occcupation |
A job that needed to be preformed by skilled men and you also had to have experience in |
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When were reserved occupations introduced |
In 1916 with conscription |
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What jobs were part of reserved occupations |
The government were very vague and picked and chose what jobs were needed in what areas |
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Before the war what percentage of men worked in ship building |
14 percent |
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How many ships were built in the Clyde between 1914 and 1918 |
481 |
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How did shipbuilding do after the war |
It dried up and the number of ships being built on the Clyde dropped by a third |
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When was rationing introduced |
1918 |
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What was coal mining like during the war |
It boomed because of the amount of coal needed for the factories the built ammunition’s |
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What was coal mining like after the war |
It got bad because they did not need as much coal for ammunition’s and because there was the new technology of gas and oil |
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How many workers did agriculture employ before the war |
107000 |
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How many people worked in agriculture at the end of the war |
89000 |
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By what percent did sheep prices go up by by the end of the war |
60 percent |
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What happened to agriculture after the war |
It fell because machines started to take over things that people needed to do before. Plus the government no longer needed wool for soldiers on the western front |
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What was the main industry in Dundee |
Jute |
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In one month during the war how many sand bags were made in Dundee |
6000000 |
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What happened to the jute industry after the war |
Because of the government no longer needing sand bags and competition from Calcutta the jute industrial died out in the 20s and 30s |
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How many men were employed by fishing before the war |
32500 |
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Why did the government start rationing |
Because of the German u-boats attaching the merchant ships |
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What happened to fishing during the war |
It completely shut down because of the threat of a German u boat attack |
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What happened to fishing after the war |
It dropped because one of Britain’s main customers were Germany and Russia who were both crippled by the war |
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When was NUWSS formed |
1897 |
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What was the NUWSS nicknamed |
The suffragists |
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What methods did the suffragists use to get women the vote |
Peaceful ones |
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Did the suffragists make much progress |
No |
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When were the WSPU created |
1906 |
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What methods did the suffragettes use |
Illegal and militant tactics |
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When the public found out that they were force feeding suffragettes how did they get around this |
They introduced the cat and mouse act this is when they released suffragettes waited on them getting healthy again then re-imprisoning then again |
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What were the rent strikes |
The rent strikes where when the landlords put up the rent of al the apartments because of the flood of workers into the city. Two Glaswegian women(Helen Crawford and Mary Barbour) Kept paying the landlords the usual amount and when the came to collect the rest they would through flour or rocks at them. Many people followed and it caused the government to introduce the rent restriction act which froze all rent at pre war prices |
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What happened before rationing was introduced |
The price of food went up meaning the rich could afford it but many poor people couldn’t, and there was some cases of malnutrition |
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What was the representation of the people act |
It allowed all men over 21 to vote and all women over 30 to vote |
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What happened in 1928 to further the representation of the people act |
It allowed all men and women over 21 where now allowed the vote |
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What was the 1915 munitions act |
This act made it compulsory for people to get a letter of leaving to get out of there job and this also did not allow workers to strike so it was hard for workers to express there displeasure |
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What was red Clydeside |
Many workers were unhappy with the wage cuts and higher working hours that the government forced on them so they joined left wing parties and unions who fought against this. These parties were such as labour were linked with the colour red so people sometimes at rallies would fly red flags to signify this |
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What was battle of George square |
Workers went on 40hour strike hoping to improve working conditions this quickly escalated to 100,000 people and when they started to wave the red flags the government thought that it was the start of a communist revolution so they sent in tanks. In reality there was no real threat of a communist revolution. |
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What was the 1919 housing act and why did it fail |
It was an act that promised there be 500,000 new homes in 3 years. It failed because the government did not give the councils enough funds |
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Why did the liberals fail after the Great War |
Because they failed to please the working class during the war.they also split because the party thought different things this caused the working class voters go to labour and the richer people went to the conservatives. |
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What was the life expectancy in the 18th centuary |
Between 40 and 50 |
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What did doctors believe was the cause of all the illness |
Poverty |
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What years was cholera the most devastating |
1831 and 1848 |
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When did the government extend the powers of DORA |
January 1916 |
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When did the government start to notice |
When it started to kill rich people |
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When did Manchester get a running water supply |
1847 |
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When did Liverpool and London appoint medical inspectors |
1847 and 1848 |
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What did the first public heaths act do |
It allowed the government to set up health boards if needed |
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What did the nuisance removal act 1855 do |
Made overcrowding in housing illegal |
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What did the public health act 1867 do |
Made local authorities responsible for sewers,water and street leaning |
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What did the torrent act 1868 do |
Encouraged the improvement of slum housing or its demolition |
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What was the artisans and labourers act 1875 |
Made it possible for the government to make a a list of requirement that the land owner had to abide by or the government would buy and demolish your house |
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What was the 1875 public health act |
Made it so medical officers were in charge of public health and that slaughter houses had to be looked after by a local sanitary inspector it finally made sure that there was a supply of fresh water, street lighting and rubbish had to be collected |
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In 1760 how many tonnes of coal where being produced each year |
500,000 |
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What was the military services act |
The act forced all unmarried males ages 18-40 to join the army |
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How was the military services act extended |
It then forced all 18-50 year olds to join the army |
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What are conscientious objectors |
They are men who refused to join the army because of their religious beliefs |
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What would happen if you did not go to war |
Most people who refused because of religious beliefs were allowed but people who did not go to war were offered a non combat role or they would be put in prison |
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What was an absolutist |
They were people who refused to do anything to do with the war and were sent to jail where they would get a hard time by fellow inmates Called the cowards and did much worse |
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What is black damp gas |
It is not poisonous or flammable but reduces the amount of oxygen in the mine |
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What is fire damp gas |
Methane gas it is highly flammable |
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What is fire damp gas |
Methane gas it is highly flammable |
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What’s it white damp |
Carbon monoxide no smell no colour and difficult to detect. This would slowly put the miner to sleep and die |
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What is fire damp gas |
Methane gas it is highly flammable |
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What’s it white damp |
Carbon monoxide no smell no colour and difficult to detect. This would slowly put the miner to sleep and die |
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How would they detect carbon monoxide |
Bring a canary and if it died then they would know that there was dangerous gas present |
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When was the bridge water canal created |
1761 in Manchester |
