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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Battle of Little Big Horn
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Turning Point, Custers Last Stand
defeated by Indians (Sioux, Sitting Bull) |
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James A Garfield
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1880 Won election against Winnfield Hancock
Halfbreeds vs. Stalwarts (Liberals vs. conservative) 2nd President Assassinated |
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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Economic Nativism - Concern for jobs
Working Man Party, CA Suspended immigration of chinese labor for 10 years |
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Chisholm Trail
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Western Cattle drive led by John Chisholm where cows were sold in herds of two to three thousand
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Chivington Massacre
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SandCreek, CO
John Chivington commander of militia against Cheyenne Indians, white population was growing and wanted Indian Land. |
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George A Cluster
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Battle of Little Big Horn was his last stand.
Sent by the Army for gold, found it all over the hills and the rush was on |
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Dawes Sevaralty Act
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Assimilate Indians - an attempt to civilize them into farmers
160 acres of land to heads of family 25 years residency requirement abandon tribal allegiance |
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Joseph Glidden
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Barbed wire
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Great Plains
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First Settlement if the west, 600 miles
Indian group of nomadic hunters Buffalo, Sioux, Crow, Cheyenne, Commanche |
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Homestead Act
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Get 160 acres of public land in the west
Live on for 5 years and cultivate a farm |
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Chief Joseph
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Largest group of Northwest Indians
Fisherman and hunters, Nez Perce |
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Joseph McCoy
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Livestock shipper from Illinois
Shipped the first train of 20 cars of longhorn cattle |
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Timber Culture Act
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Get 320 acres and must plant 40 acres of trees within 4 years.
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Frederick Jackson Turner
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Thesis
Claimed the existence of the frontier and of the free land "explained American development." Shaped Customs and Character, gave rise to independence, self-confidence and individualism, and fostered invention and adaptation |
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Wounded Knee
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Wovoka, South Dakota
Ghost Dance, Chief Bigfoot and 350 followers Chief Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse of Sioux's against Custer |
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American Federation of Labor
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Trade Union for skilled workers
Improving in practical ways; higher wages, shorter hours and better working conditions Samuel Gompers Bread & Butter Issues Pragmatic & moderate Race restrictive - Whites only |
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Anarchist
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Alexander Berkman (The Homestead Strike)
Shot & Stabbed Clay Frick in his office Frick Survived and he was arrested |
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Bessemer Process
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Henry Bessemer & William Kelly Transformed the industry
Discovered that a blast of air through molten iron burned off carbon and other impurities, resulting in steel of a more uniform and durable quality |
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Andrew Carnegie
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Steel Production (Gospel of Wealth)
Rags to Riches; 1848 Scottish Immigrant From Factory to RR's Steel Bessemer Method Careful Management System Vertical Integration - Investment and Control Imaginative Marketing - creative plans |
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Thomas A Edison
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Technology
Over 1,000 US Patents - lights, phone, motion picture Pearl St. Station - 1st electric generating plant in New York |
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Samuel Gompers
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Founder & longtime President of the American Federation of Labor
Determined to better the material of lives |
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Haymarket Riot
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Knights of Labor
Chicago, 11 killed |
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Free Silver
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US Mints would coin all the silver they wanted.
A social movement when unemployment rose Farmers income and prices fell |
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Homestead Strike
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Carnegie Steel Plant in Pennsylvania
Manager Henry Clay Frick Pinkerton agents vs. Strikers 12 killed, 60 wounded |
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Knights of Labor
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Industrial Union
Terrence Powderly HayMarket Riot |
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JP Morgan
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J Pierpoint Morgan
1. Corporate Finance; Investment Banking 2. Marketed corporate stocks and bonds 3. Bought Carnegie's Steel empire in 1900, became US Steel Nations 1st Billion Dollar Company |
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John D Rockefeller
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Oil - Standard Oil Company, Ohio
Monopoly - Pools, holding companies and trusts Controlled 90% of all oil production in America, by ruthless ways |
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Standard Oil Company
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Ohio, John D Rockfeller
Controlled 90% of all oil production in America |
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Trust
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Standard Oil Trust, Samuel Todd attorney set up 9 trustees empowered "to hold, control, and manage" all companies
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Vertical Integration
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Investment and Control
Type of organization in which a single company owns and controls the entire process; from raw material, to manufacturing and selling. |
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American Protective Association
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Religious Nativism
Anti-Catholic views |
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Nativist
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Eliminating Immigrants
Economic - concern for jobs (Chinese Exclusion Act) Racial - Racism Religions - Anti-Catholic (American Protective Association) |
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New Immigration
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NW European - 37%
SW European - 67% Slavic Non-English Speaking Catholic |
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Political Machine
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City Bossism, City Machine
New York Mayor, William Marcy Tweed Clannish solidarity Appeal to the poor Informal Welfare System Helped with jobs and legal assistance |
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Social Darwinism
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The theory that the laws of evolution by natural selection and social structure
Society and Institutions evolve |
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Louis Sullivan
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Built 1st skyscraper in Chicago
Keynotes of modern architecture |
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William Graham Sumner
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Professor at Yale
Social Darwinism Argued with government actions and influenced journalists, ministers, and policy makers |
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William M Tweed
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New York Mayor
Political Machine (City Bossism, City Machine) |
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James G Blaine
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1884 Lost election against Grover Cleveland
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William Jennings Bryan
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Youngest nominated at 36 years old
1st to Campaign Lost election to William McKinley 1896 He was rural, traditional, agrarian, Gold & Silver, spent 300k |
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Grover Cleveland
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1st Democratic President 1884
Only president re-elected non-consecutively, ran 3 times (elected 1st and 3rd) Interstate Commerce Act Rum, Romanism, Rebellion (3R's) Panic of 1893 |
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Jacob Coxey
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Led the 1st march on Washington with 400-500 unemployed workers
Calling for Federally Funded Highway Program to put people to work Leaders were arrested for trampling on Capital grounds |
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Gold Standard
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President McKinley declared Gold as the Standard of Currency
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Grandfather Clause
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Louisiana demanded literacy test for all voters except the sons and grandsons of those who had voted in the states before.
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Benjamin Harrison
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1888 - Won Presidency over Grover Cleveland
Key Issues were Tariffs Sherman Antitrust Act Sherman Silver Purchase Act McKinley Tariff |
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Rutherford B Hayes
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1876 won presidency over Samuel Tilden
Concessions & Reconstruction period ended 1877 Southern States received Financial Aid |
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William Dean Howells
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Realism Literature
Happier side of life, and grew worried about the impact of industrialization |
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Interstate Commerce Commission
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1st regulatory body 1887
To investigate and oversee RR activities and outlawed rebates and pooling agreements |
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Mary E Lease
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A prominent Populist noted for her rallying cry to "raise less corn, more hell"
Farmers needed to become politically active |
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Literacy Test
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Not the same;
Had to take this test to vote, unless you fell under the grandfather clause |
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William McKinley
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1896 - won presidency over William Jennings Bryan
Urban, modern, industrial, Gold only, spent $7 million |
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Munn vs. Illinois
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1877 - State Governments could regulate business that affected public interests
Established maximum rates and preventing rate discrimination |
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Naturalism
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Stephen Crane, Jack London
Literature |
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Pendleton Act
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1883 - Civil Service Commission
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Poll Tax
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Pay to vote
Forced voters to pay annual tax for the right to vote |
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Populist Party
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Third Party Politics
1st Mass Movement against Social Darwinism & Laissez Faire James Weaver - Populist Platform of 1892 |
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Pullman Strike
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1894 Shutdown RR
Wage Reduction 25% Eugene V Debs - President of American Railway Union arrested for defying court junction President Grover Cleveland sent in troops |
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Realism
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Mark Twain, William Dean Howels
Literature |
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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Break monopoly control
President Benjamin Harrison |
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Sherman Silver Purchase Act
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Currency Debate and Silver
President Benjamin Harrison Placed 4.5 million ounces of Silver on reserve monthly |
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Mark Twain
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Samuel Clemens - renamed "Two Fathoms"
Realism Literature Major change in literary style The most outstanding realist writer |
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Wabash Case
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1886 Wabbash RR vs. Illinois
States could not regulate rates on interstate traffic |
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James B Weaver
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Populist Platform
Free & Unlimited coinage of Silver Graduated Income Tax Laws Government ownership More Direct Democracy |
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Farmers Alliance
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Largest in Texas, Southern, Northwest
More Political, joined the Greenback Party 2.5 million members |
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Eugene V Debs
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President of American Railway Union
Socialist Presidential Candidate 1912 - 6% popular votes, 1920 - 3% popular votes The Pullman Strike, was arrested |
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Main Factors of Growth
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1. Transcontinental Railroad
2. Military conquest of the Indians 3. Liberal Land Distribution |
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Goodnight Loving Trail
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1st trail on Cattle Drive
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Social Darwinism
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Defense of Economic inequality
Herbert Spencer (Philosopher) William Graham Sumner (Professor at Yale) |
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Sewage
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1st city to install was Los Angelos
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Parks
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Frederick Olmstead
Central & Golden Gate Parks |
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Skyscrapers
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Louis Henri Sullivan
1st built in Chicago |
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Cable Cars
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1st built in San Francisco
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Subways
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1st built in Boston
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Issues that united Farmers
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Financial hard times
Status anxiety Resource mobilization |
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3R's
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Rum - against prohibition
Romanism - anti-catholicism Rebellion - blaming Republicans for Civil War |
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Panic of 1893
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20% Unemployment
25% RR Bankrupt 1,600 Banks Closed |
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William Jennings Bryan
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Conservative Christian & Liberal Politician
Anti-Gold Standard Anti-War Anti-Imperialism (Starting Colonies) Anti-Evolution (Forbid Darwinism) |
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John Hopkins University
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1st graduate school in Baltimore
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