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84 Cards in this Set
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Animist |
Belief that the natural world was suffused with spiritual power |
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Primogeniture |
practice of bestowing all land to eldest son forcing under sons to be poor |
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Civic Humanism |
belief that people owed service to their community and government, said to be crucial in a republic |
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Heresies |
doctrines inconsistent with the teachings of the church |
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Poro/Sande |
West African secret society for men/women that unified different clans and languages |
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Chattel slavery |
ownership of human beings as property |
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Columbian Exchange |
intercontinental movement of plants, animals, and diseases |
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Encomiendas
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grants from the crown that allowed conquistadors to claim labor and goods from native communities |
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Mita system |
made labors available to the Inca empire which forced Indians to work in the gold and silver mines, enforced by the Spanish |
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Mercantilism |
economic theory that trade increased wealth and should be supported by the government |
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Society of friends |
Quaker religious group |
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Navigation Act of 1651 |
prohibited colonies from trading with nations besides England |
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Middle Passage |
journey of Africans slaves from Africa to America |
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clan |
group of families with a shared ancestor |
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pueblos |
multi room stone building built in southwestern US |
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peasant |
farm worker in Europe, often leased lands from landlords |
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matrilineal |
social identity and property was passed through female line |
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yeoman |
England 1500-1800, farmer who owned enough land to support a family |
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pagan |
person who pays homage to spiritual forces in the natural world |
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republic |
state with representative system of government |
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guild |
organization of skilled workers in medieval and early Europe that regulated a craft |
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reconquista |
Spanish catholic attempt to rid Muslim Arabs from Spanish lands, succeeded after a century |
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predestination |
John Calvin was main proponent, fundamental to Puritan theology, idea people are chosen for salvation before birth |
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indulgence |
grant from catholic church that pardoned sinners from afterlife punishment, condemned by Martin Luther in 1517 |
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outwork |
merchants would buy wool, hire workers to weave it, but they would sell it and profit |
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gentry |
English who owned land but weren't noble, their status rose during the Price Revolution |
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Price Revolution |
high inflation in Europe in 1500, reduced political power of aristocracy and left peasants in poverty, started emigration to Europe |
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Enclosure Acts |
16th century English law that allowed lands to be fenced for grazing, left peasants without land so they had to work as wage laborers |
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Hernando de Soto |
Spanish, went to present day SCin 1540, interacted with natives
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Duarte Lopez |
Portuguese explorer who visited African kingdom of Kongo in 1578 |
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Powhatan |
NA tribe that dominated Chesapeake Bay before the settlers |
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Iroquois |
1500, 5 nations stopped fighting and banded together in Eastern Woodlands, matriarchal, chief was Sachem |
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Prince Henry of Portugal |
built new boat that allowed for further travel and discovery, cash crops and trade, slavery |
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Ferdinand II and Isabella I |
Spanish monarchs who began the reconquista, subsidized Columbus' voyage |
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Juan Ponce de Leon |
explored Florida |
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa |
crossed Panama and became first European to see pacific ocean |
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Hernan Cortez |
(1485-1547) Spaniard who challenged Tenochtitlan's ruler, took him and the city captive, toppled Aztec Empire in 1521 |
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Francisco Pizarro |
1524 Spaniard who captured Inca emperor and seized the city |
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Pedro Alvares Cabral |
Portuguese commander who discovered Brazil (Island of the True Cross) |
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Mansa Musa |
Muslim emperor of Mali, constructed many mosques and schools, but spent too much |
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Vasco de Gama |
Portuguese explorer who reached East Africa and India |
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Crusades |
1096-1291 in Europe resulted in intensified Christian identity and persecution of Jews, introduced Europeans to new trade routes and new places |
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Protestant Reformation |
1517 schism from the Roman Catholic Church led by Martin Luther & John Calvin |
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Mississippi Valley |
home of largest development, mounds and maize |
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Elizabeth Key |
1656 won her right to freedom because her dad and husband were free white men even though her mother was a slave |
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Virginia statute of 1662 |
declared one's status was defined by their mother's |
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Spanish colonies |
In mesoamerica and the andes, set up municipal councils, a legal code, and the Catholic Church, began Columbian Exchange |
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Gold and Silver Mines |
traded with China, used mita system, triggered inflation |
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King Philip II |
(1556-1598) Spanish, became most powerful because of their newfound wealth, spent a lot of religious wars |
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King Henry VIII
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(1509-1547) placed himself at the head of the Church of England when the pope refused to annul his marriage, still maintained Catholic doctrines and practices |
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Queen Elizabeth I |
(1558-1603) approved Protestant confession, maintained Catholic practices which angered Protestants |
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Francis Drake |
seafarer was took action to prevent Spanish control of American wealth, disrupted Spanish shipping, was first English to circumnavigate |
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Portugal colony |
in Brazil, sugar mills, imported African slaves |
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Jamestown |
1607, founded to look for gold, tobacco became the cash crop, were initially unprepared to sustain a colony, became a royal company after multiple Indian attacks with an elected assembly, legal system, and Anglican church |
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House of Burgesses |
1619 system of representative government set up in Jamestown |
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Cecilius Calvert |
set up Maryland under King Charles to be a refuge for Catholics, tobacco was a cash crop |
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Toleration Act |
1649 allowed Christians to follow their beliefs and hold mass |
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French Colonies |
1530 Jacques Cartier claimed St Lawrence, 1608 Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec, trading posts for fur trade with the Hurons |
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Netherlands |
1609 Henry Hudson establishes Albany as part of the fur trade, 1621 West India Company set up New Amsterdam--- attacked by English and becomes New York 1664 |
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England |
1620 Puritans establish Plymouth, 1630 Protestants establish Mass Bay |
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John Winthrop |
governor of Mass Bay |
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Roger Williams |
1636 banned from Mass Bay for supporting separation of church and state, 1644 created Rhode Island |
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Anne Hutchinson |
1637 banished to Rhode Island |
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Puritan- Pequot War |
1636-1637 fought Mass and Conn, wiped them out and believed God was pleased with them so they set up Indian praying towns |
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Metacom's War |
(1675-1676) Wampanoag leader was unhappy with English in New England, attacked everyday, Mass hired Mohegan and Mohawk to kill him |
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Bacon's Rebellion |
1675 Virginia, Nathaniel Bacon's attacks on the natives to spite governor William Berkeley, stood for removal of natives and end of rule by the wealthy, Bacon died and rebels were punished |
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Charles II |
(1660-1685) expanded English power in Asia and America settled Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania |
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William Penn |
Pennsylvania, wanted it to be a safe place for Quakers, became most open and democratic of the Restoration colonies |
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Frame of Government |
1681 Penn applied Quaker's radical beliefs to politics, ensured religious freedom, political equality, voting rights to any property owning male |
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James II |
(1685-1688) created Dominion of New England for better control, was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution by William and Mary |
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Dominion of New England |
merge of Conn, Rhode Island, Mass Bay, and Plymouth, and later New York and New Jersey, banned existing legislative assemblies, invalidated land titles, angered colonies and England
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Sir Edmund Andros |
appointed governor of Dominion by James II, carried out the oppressive orders |
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Two Treaties of Government |
1690 John Locke rejection of the divine rights monarchy, government comes from the consent of the governed, individuals have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness |
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Jacob Leisler |
New York, led rebellion against the Dominion of New England, was hung for treason after the Glorious Revolution because he alienated himself from well off Dutch in New York |
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Covenant Chain |
Iroquois alliance with New York, became model for all British/Native American relations, Iroquois was neutral with all so everyone wanted to trade with them |
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War of Spanish Succession |
(1702-1713) Britain against France and Spain, burned St Augustine but didn't capture it |
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South Atlantic System |
centered in Brazil/ West Indies, sugar & tobacco & slaves and other tropical products, Europeans profited |
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Middle Passage |
slave journey on boats from Africa to America |
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Stono Rebellion |
1739 largest slave uprising in the colonies, escaped South Carolina to Florida but were stopped by the SC militia, showed uprisings could be easily crushed |
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William Byrd II |
(1674-1744) showed that prominent colonists were not important to England |
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Sir Robert Walpole |
(1702-1742) Whig leader of House of Commons, salutary neglect came out of his political policies, used patronage and bribes--- in response American strengthened representatives assemblies |
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Georgia |
subsidized to protect SC from the Spanish |
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War of Jenkins Ear |
(1739-1741) aka War of Austrian Succession, Walpole declared war on the Spanish but it became a bigger problem for England, ended with a treaty that made it clear England cared more about themselves than the colonies |
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Fundamental Constitution of Carolina |
(1669) attempted to have a traditional feudal system in Carolina, but it didn't work and became a modest farming family place |
