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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of epithelial tissue?
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Simple
Stratified Pseudostratified |
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What is simple epithelium?
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A single layer of epithelial cells
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What is statified epithelium?
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Several layers of epithelial cells
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What is pseudostratified epithelium?
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A single layer of cells that appears to be multiple layers
However, all cells are attached to the basement membrane. It is the different shapes (columnar wrapping around) that give the multiple layer appearance |
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What are the three shapes of simple epithelium?
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Squamous
Cuboidal Columnar |
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Where in the body can one find simple squamous epithelial cells?
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The endothelium
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Where in the body can one find simple cuboidal epithelial cells?
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Thyroid
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Where in the body can one find columnar epithelial cells?
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GI tract
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What do squamous cells look like?
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Flat
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What do cuboidal cells look like?
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Cubes
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What do columnar cells look like?
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Long, tall
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What are the three shapes of the stratified epithelial cells?
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Squamous, cuboidal, and transitional
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What are transitional stratified epithelium?
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Cells on the outermost surface (for ex, the bladder) can transition between squamous and cuboidal depending if bladder is full (squamous) or empty (cuboidal)
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Where can one find squamous stratified epithelium in the body?
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The skin
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Where can one find cuboidal stratified epithelium in the body?
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Sweat duct (2 layers of cuboidal cells)
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Where can one find transitional stratified epithelium in the body?
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Urinary bladder
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Where can one find pseudostratified epithelium in the body?
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The trachea
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What are some characteristics of epithelium?
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-Rests on a basement membrane (at least the bottom layer)
-Avascular (no blood vessels) -Can be keratinized orn ot |
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What is an example of keratinized epithelium?
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Epidermis
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What is an example of non-keratinized epithelium?
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Esophagus
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What is keratin?
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Hard, insoluble, structural protein
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In what strucutre is the BM visible by light microscopy?
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Trachea
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What are the there layers of the skin?
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Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis
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What type of tissue is the skin?
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Stratified, Squamous, Keratinized, Epithelium
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What is the epidermis made of?
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Dead keratin cells, some coming off
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What separates the dermis and the epidermis?
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The basement membrane
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What is the dermis made of?
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They are made of connective tissue (collagen, elastic fibers, etc..)
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What is the hypodermis made of and how can you identify them easily?
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Fat cells that stain very pale
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What is the basement membrane of the skin made of?
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Type IV collagen
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What are the four layers of the epidermis?
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-Stratum Corneum
-Stratum Granulosum -Stratum Spinosum -Stratum Germinativum |
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What is the stratum corneum?
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The surface layer of the epidermis. The cells are dead, have lost their nuclei and their cytoplasm are filled with keratin. The desmosomes have broken down and the cells are being shed off by desquamation.
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What is the stratum granulosum?
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2-5 layers of flat cells that contain dense blue granules. The granules stain blue due to the phosphorylated histidine and cysteine rich keratohyalin.
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What is keratohyalin?
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Keratohyalin is an intermediate in keratin production
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What is the Stratum spinosum?
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Name comes from processes between cells
-Desmosomes join the cells together. The tonal fibers give the spiny appearance. |
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What is the cell shape in the stratum spinosum?
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Polygonal
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What is the stratum germinativum?
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A single layer of columnar cells. They are basal cells that actively divide to become the multiple layers of the stratum spinosum. These are the basal cells that replenish all the layers of the skin.
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How is the stratum germinativum connected to the BM?
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By hemidesmosomes
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What are the two dyes used in histological stains?
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-Hematoxylin
-Eosin |
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What is an acidophillic stain?
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Eosin reacts with the BASIC material (ex: cytoplasm)
-Results in a pink stain |
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What is a basophillic stain?
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Acidic material, ex DNA and RNA in the nuclei, will react with basic dye and turn blue or purple
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