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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 general features of blood
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Two Divisions (formed elements & plasma)
Two Basic Cell Types (red & white blood cells) Clotting |
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Hematocrit
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Ratio of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.
Anticoagulants are added, blood is centrifuged and fall into three fractions. |
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3 Fractions of Hematocrit
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1. Plasma - top
2. Buffy coat - leukocytes, middle 3. Erythrocytes (red blood cells), dense and at the bottom. |
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Differential Cell Count
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single layer of cells spread onto slide, stained with eosin and methylene blue (Wrights stain), leukocytes counted.
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Wrights Stain - Basophilia
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affinity for methylene blue
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Wrights Stain - Azurophilia
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affinity for oxidation products of methylene blue called "azures"
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Wrights Stain - Eosinophilia, or acidophilia
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affinity for eosin. Stains yellow pink to orange.
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Wrights Stain - Neutrophilia
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affinity for complex of dyes. Stains salmon pink to lilac.
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Composition of Plasma
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90% water
10% Solutes |
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Composition of Solutes in Plasma
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7% Plasma Proteins
2.1% Other organic compounds 0.9% Inorganic salts |
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Types of Plasma Proteins
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Albumin
Globulins Fibrinogen |
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Albumin
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most abundant plasma protein, maintains osmotic pressure of blood, carries water-insoluble substances.
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Globulins
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include immunoglobulins synthesized by plasma cells.
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Fibrinogen
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is converted to fibrin by complex steps, is synthesized in the liver.
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Organic Compounds in Plasma
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amino acids
glucose vitamins regulatory peptides hormones lipids |
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Inorganic Salts in Plasma
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mostly electrolytes
...such as sodium, potassium, calcium salts. |
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What do platelets secrete?
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Seritonin (causes vasoconstriction)
Thromboplasin (leads to clot formation) |
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Platelets
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attach to damaged tissue and form clots.
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Red blood cells
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biconcave discs,
no nuclei (in humans) are a sac of hemoglobin |
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3 different origins of red blood cells
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1. embryo - wall of yolk sac
2. fetus - liver 3. adult - red bone marrow |
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red blood cell formation In Bone Marrow
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proerythroblast
basophilic erythroblast normoblast |
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red blood cell formation In Blood
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polychromatic erythrocytes
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2 main types of Leukocytes (white blood cells)
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agranulocytes
granulocytes |
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Agranulocytes
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Lymphocytes
Monocytes |
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Lymphocytes
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Agranulocyte:
30-35% of all leukocytes In blood they are in transition from one lymphatic tissue to another. In blood they are small, in lymphatics they are large. |
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Monocytes
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AGRANULOCYTES:
3-7% of all leukocytes phagocytic can be fixed or wandering stay in blood for about 3 days indented nucleus |
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Granulocytes
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Neutrophils
Eosinophils Basophils |
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Neutrophils
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GRANULOCYTES:
abundant, 50-60% of all leukocytes Phagocytic Involved in inflammation (chemotaxis) Have multi-lobed nucleus Polymorphs |
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Neutrophils
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GRANULOCYTES:
abundant, 50-60% of all leukocytes Phagocytic Involved in inflammation (chemotaxis) Have multi-lobed nucleus Polymorphs |
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Basophils
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GRANULOCYTES:
least abundant, 0-1% of all leukocytes Cant see nuclei b/c of basophilic granules Cause dilation of blood vessels. Binds to IgE causing histamine release and Allergic Responses. |
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Eosinophil
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GRANULOCYTES:
2-5% of all leukocytes. bilobed nucleus covered with eosinophilic granules. Contain phi bodies. Contain histamine and peroxidase Phagocytoses antigen-antibody complexes. Elevated numbers associated with allergies and parasitic infections. |
