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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does a hematocrit measure
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RBCs
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what percentage of the blood is leukocytes and platelets
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1%
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where is fibrinogen made
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in the liver
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whats the difference between plasma and serum
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in serum, the clotting agents have been removed
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what is the most common WBC
AND the most common granulocyte |
neutrophils
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how big is a RBC
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7-8 um
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how big is a neutrophil
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10 - 12 um
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what does the neutrophil nucleus look like
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multilobed, 2-4 lobes joined by thinner nuclear strands
heterochromatin at the periphery, euchromatin mostly at the center |
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why do neutrophils roll on the surface of the endothelium
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interaction of surface adhesion molecules, called Selectins, with the endothelium
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whats a neutrophil do when it encounters chemokines secreted by endothelial cells
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it expresses other adhesion molecules on its surface (integrins) that bind to receptors on the endothelial cells
then the neutrophil extends a pseudopod into the junction already opened up by histamine and heparin from mast cells in the connective tissue |
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whats the deal with neutrophils as a fever inducing agent?
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Neutrophils secrete Interleukin 1 (IL - 1) which is a pyrogen
IL - 1 induces the synthesis of prostaglandins which act on the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus to produce fever fever is therefore a consequence of acute inflammation involving a massive neutrophilic response |
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who takes over for the neutrophils in wound healing?
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macrophages
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how big are eosinophils compared to neutrophils, and what do their nuclei look like?
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same size
eosinophils have bilobed nuclei |
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what do the granular components of eosinophils do?
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mess up parasites; cytotoxin effects on protozoans and helminthic parasites, including nervous system damage
also anti inflammatory effects; histaminase neutralizes histamine activity and arylsulfatase neutralizes leukotrienes secreted by basophils also lysosomes full of enzymes that hydrolyse antigen/antibody complex that the cell engulfs |
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what is the least numerous of the WBCs
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basophils
0.5% of total leukocytes |
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what does heparin do
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anticoagulant
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what do histamine and heparan sulfate do
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cause constriction of small blood vessels
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what are leukotrienes and what do they do
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modified lipids that trigger prolonged constriction of smooth muscles in the pulmonary airways
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what's in basophilic granules?
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basophilic granules contain
heparin, histamine, heparan sulfate and leukotrienes |
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what cells are basophils very similar to and why
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mast cells- they share a hemopoietic stem cell progenitor
both bind the plasma cell antibody IgE and release vasoactive agents |
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how big is a lymphocyte
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same as a RBC
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what does a lymphocyte nucleus look like
how about the cytoplasm? |
a lymphocyte has a spherical, slightly indented, intensely staining nucleus
the cytoplasm is a pale blue rim surrounding the nucleus |
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how did B lymphocytes get named
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first identified in the Bursa of birds, which is equivalent to bone marrow in mammals
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what immune cell has the long life span
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T cells
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why are T cells called T cells
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they differentiate in the thymus
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what do B cells do
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produce circulating antibodies
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what is the largest WBC
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monocytes, at 18 um
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what is the path of the monocyte
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from the marrow to peripheral tissues where they differentiate to become the appropriate macrophage for that area
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how long do macrophages live?
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about 3 days
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what does the monocyte nucleus look like
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strongly indented, with a centriole and several Golgis in the cleft
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where are megakaryocytes, what do they do and what's unusual about them
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megakaryocytes are found in the bone marrow, produce thrombocytes and are polyploid (multiple sets of chromosomes)
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what's another word for a thrombocyte
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a platelet
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how big is a platelet
what is the life span? |
2 - 3 um
the life span of a platelet is about 10 days |
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what are 3 things that platelets release when they adhere to a damaged site on the endothelium
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serotonin- a potent vasoconstrictor
ADP and thromboxane A2, resulting in further aggregation of platelets into a plug |
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what does the glycocalyx of the thrombocyte do
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provides a reaction surface for the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin
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what does 'myeloid' refer to?
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originating in the marrow or the spinal cord
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what is the first division of the pleuripotential stem cell
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myeloid and lymphoid
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what is the precursor of plasma cells
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B cells
(B lymphocytes) |
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what do neutrophils and monocytes have in common
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a common progenitor cell
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what else is great about the PPSC
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the pleuripotential stem cell pool is self-renewing and self-sustaining
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are erythrocytes stored in the marrow
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No
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what is the common progenitor cell for neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils
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promyelocyte
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there are 6 stages in the formation of a neutrophil. What is the one that is second to the last (just before its a neutrophil)
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band cell
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what is a typical RBC count for males and females
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males 5.5 x 10[6]/ ul of blood
females 4.4 x 10[6] |
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what do you call abnormal shaping of RBCs
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poikilocytosis
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what do you call the antigen receptor molecules on mast cells
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IgE
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the normal percentage of neutrophils in a WBC differential
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30 - 75%
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the normal percentage of lymphocytes in a WBC differential
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20 - 45%
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normal absolute count for neutrophils
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1500 - 8000
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normal absolute count for lymphocytes
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1000 - 4500
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the RBC maintians its shape with a subplasmalemmal matrix composed of what 2 proteins?
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spectrin and ankyrin
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