Histo Lec: Repro System

Front 1

This structure connects the epididymis withthe urethra.

Back 1

Ductus deferens or vas deferens

Front 2

Describe the structure of the vas deferens

Back 2

folded tunica mucosa withoutmuscularis mucosae and a thick tunicamuscularis

Front 3

What is the distinguishing feature betweenvas deferens and ureter

Back 3

the lining epithelium (pseudostratified columnar ciliated in the vas deferens but transitional in the ureter)

Front 4

This is an expanded portion located at the junction of the pelvic urethra of the male RS

Back 4

ejaculatory duct

Front 5

What is the function of the ejaculatory duct

Back 5

it is where the semen is collected prior to the ejaculation.

Front 6

This is the common duct for the urine and semen

Back 6

urethra

Front 7

What tissue and glands are found in the wall of the urethra of male RS

Back 7

Wall contains erectile tissue; tubular mucus glandscalled urethral glands or glands of Litter.

Front 8

2 parts of the urethra of male RS

Back 8

pelvic and penile urethra

Front 9

This division of the urethra of the male RS is located inside the pelvic cavity where it is closely associated with the accessory glands, has less erectiletissue and more glands

Back 9

Pelvic Urethra

Front 10

What epithelium is found in the L.E of the pelvic urethra of male RS

Back 10

transitional epithelium

Front 11

What tissue is found in the LP of the pelvic urethra of male RS

Back 11

erectile tissue

Front 12

TRUE OR FALSE. The pelvic urethra of male RS has no MM

Back 12

TRUE

Front 13

This tunic of the pelvic urethra blends with lamina propia and presents erectile tissue

Back 13

Tunica submucosa

Front 14

how many layers of smooth muscle fibers is found in the neck of the bladder in the male RS

Back 14

3

Front 15

Beyond the neck of the bladder, how many layers of the tunica muscularis is present in the male RS

Back 15

2

Front 16

TRUE OR FALSE. The tunica muscularis of the pelvic urethra of male animals has both smooth and skeletal muscles

Back 16

TRUE

Front 17

This tunic of the pelvic urethra of the male animal is present in the part of the urethra which is not inside the pelvic cavity.

Back 17

Tunica adventitia

Front 18

This division of the urethra is embedded in the ventral portion of the penis and isseparated from it by a thin tunicaalbuginea which contains circularly arranged muscle fibers.

Back 18

Penile urethra

Front 19

what separates the ventral portion of the penis and the penile urethra

Back 19

thin tunica albuginea

Front 20

What epithelium is found ln the LE of the penile urethra

Back 20

transitional or stratified squamous

Front 21

what are the erectile tissue found in the LP of the penile urethra

Back 21

corpus cavernosum or corpus spongiosum

Front 22

What gland present in the LP of the penile urethra is found in the stallion and boar

Back 22

urethral glands

Front 23

This tunic of the penile urethra blends with lamina propia andalso contains erectile tissues

Back 23

Tunica submucosa

Front 24

This tunic of the penile urethra is represented by inner circular layer of smooth muscle

Back 24

Tunica muscularis

Front 25

This tunic of the penile urethra is represented by tunica albuginea

Back 25

Tunica adventitia

Front 26

What are the accessory glands of the male RS

Back 26

Ampullary glands, Vesicular glands or seminal vesicle, Prostate glands, Bulbourethral gland or Cowper’s gland

Front 27

What gland is present in ruminants, horses and dogs, not well developed in pigs and absent in cats.

Back 27

Ampullary glands

Front 28

what accessory glands is absent in dogs

Back 28

Seminal vesicle and bulbourethral glands

Front 29

What accessory gland is present in all male species

Back 29

prostate gland

Front 30

Where is the location of the ampullary gland

Back 30

Located in the wall of the ampulla

Front 31

this accessory gland is a branched, tubular serous glands with sac-like dilatation and with no excretory duct.

Back 31

ampullary gland

Front 32

What is the epithelium of the ampullary gland

Back 32

simple columnar epithelium.

Front 33

What is the appearance of the vesicular glands or seminal vesicles in horse

Back 33

appears like a vesicle

Front 34

What is the appearance of the vesicular glands or seminal vesicles in ruminants and swine

Back 34

appear as contact glands without a central gland

Front 35

Where does the main excretory duct of the seminal vesicle of horse opens into

Back 35

pelvic urethra near its junction with the vas deferens.

Front 36

What is secreted byvthe seminal vesicles

Back 36

Seminal fluid

Front 37

what is the epithelium of the main excretory duct of the seminal vesicles

Back 37

stratified columnar epithelium.

Front 38

What is the function of the seminal vesicle in rodents

Back 38

forms vaginal plug

Front 39

what is the energy source used for ejaculated spermatozoa that is produced by the seminal vesicles

Back 39

fructose

Front 40

What is the capsule of the prostate gland made up of

Back 40

dense white fibrous connective tissue

Front 41

What is the glandular epithelium of the prostatic adenomere

Back 41

simple cuboidal epithelium with apical blebs

Front 42

These are stored secretions of the prostategland typically found in the lumens of adenomeres

Back 42

prostatic concretions

Front 43

2 parts of the prostate gland

Back 43

Parsdisseminate and Corpus prostate or body ofprostate

Front 44

this part of the prostate gland is located in the wall of thepelvic urethra and best develop in the dorsalwall

Back 44

Pars Disseminate

Front 45

this part of the prostate gland is located outside of and covers part ofthe pelvic urethra

Back 45

Corpus prostate or body of prostate

Front 46

in what animals is the pars disseminate of the prostate gland well developed

Back 46

bull and boar

Front 47

what animals have a well developed corpus prostate

Back 47

carnivores and horse

Front 48

what animal has a non-distinct corpus prostate

Back 48

Ram

Front 49

this accessory gland occurs in pairs and are located in thedorsolateral aspect of the pelvic urethra

Back 49

Bulbourethral or Cowper’s gland

Front 50

what lymphatic tissue is frequently seen in the connective tissuesurrounding the adenomeres.

Back 50

Diffuse and nodular lymphatic tissues

Front 51

What is the capsule of the cowpers gland made of

Back 51

dense whitefibrous connective tissue

Front 52

What is the appearance/ structure of adenomeres

Back 52

columnar or pyramidal withpalestaining basophiliccytoplasm with basally located round or flatnucleus.

Front 53

Adenomeres are similar to structureto ____________________

Back 53

mucous adenomere

Front 54

What is the epithelium of the cowper's gland

Back 54

simple or pseudostratified columnar ortransitional epithelium.

Front 55

The copulatory organ of the male species

Back 55

Penis

Front 56

three parts of the penis

Back 56

root, body and glans

Front 57

What part of the penis anchors it to theventral body wall

Back 57

Root of penis

Front 58

this part of the penis is the main part

Back 58

body of penis

Front 59

this part of the penis is the tips

Back 59

glans penis/ glans of penis

Front 60

what animals have a well developed glans penis

Back 60

stallion and dog

Front 61

What do you call the bone of the penis

Back 61

Os penis

Front 62

Histologically, penis may contain ___________, ____________ or __________ or _________

Back 62

erectile tissue, bone (os penis), cartilage, DWFCT

Front 63

What do you call the covering of the glans penis which is a reflection of the skin

Back 63

prepuce

Front 64

what covers the body of the penis superficially

Back 64

skin

Front 65

What tunic is found beneath the dermis of the skin of penis

Back 65

tunica albuginea

Front 66

The tunica albuginea of the penis is made up of ___________

Back 66

DWFCT

Front 67

what forms the capsule of the penis

Back 67

DWFCT

Front 68

What is the main substance of the penile body

Back 68

erectile tissue(corpus cavernosum penis)

Front 69

The corpus cavernosum of the penis is rich in __________________ and ______________

Back 69

elastic fibers and blood sinuses

Front 70

TRUE OR FALSE. In animals with a fibrous type of penis that tunica albuginea is thin with an extensive erectile tissue. While in animals with a vascular type of penis, the tunics albugenia is thick.

Back 70

FALSE. (Tunica albuginea is thick inanimals with fibrous type of penis. In vascular type of penis, the erectiletissue is extensive while the tunica albuginea is thin)

Front 71

what are animals with a fibrous type of penis

Back 71

boars and ruminants

Front 72

what are animals with a vascular type of penis

Back 72

horse, carnivore, man

Front 73

two types of penis

Back 73

fibrous and vascular

Front 74

What are the functions of the female RS

Back 74

Production of ova, Transport of male and female gametes for fertilization, Accommodation and nourishment of the developing organism, Parturition at appropriate time, Secretion of hormones, Complement the function of the urinary system- urethra

Front 75

what are the organs of the female RS

Back 75

Ovary, oviduct, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary gland

Front 76

this organ of the female RS is the counterpart of the testis in males

Back 76

ovary

Front 77

is the ovary both an exocrine and an endocrine organ? Yes or no

Back 77

yes

Front 78

what is the exocrine function of ovary

Back 78

production of ova

Front 79

what is the endocrine function of ovary

Back 79

secretion ofestrogen and progesterone

Front 80

What covers the ovary

Back 80

surface epithelium

Front 81

The surface epithelium of the ovary is continuous with the ______________

Back 81

mesosalpinx

Front 82

What is the epithelium of the embryonic ovary

Back 82

simplecuboidal

Front 83

During the later stages of life, what epithelium is found in the ovary

Back 83

simplesquamous

Front 84

What capsule is found beneath the germinal epithelium of the ovary

Back 84

DWFCT

Front 85

This tunic of the ovary is thinner than its counterpart in the testis

Back 85

tunicaalbuginea ovarii

Front 86

Two zones of the ovary

Back 86

outer cortexand an inner medulla

Front 87

This zone of the ovary contains follicles, corpus lutea, interstitial cellsand stromal elements

Back 87

Cortex

Front 88

This zone of the ovary contains large vessels, lymphatics, nerves and loose connective tissue rich in elastic and reticular fibers

Back 88

medulla

Front 89

in mare, where is the cortex of the ovary located

Back 89

deep zone of the ovary

Front 90

in mare, the cortex of the ovary connect with the surface via the _______________

Back 90

ovulation fossa

Front 91

Where is the site of fertilization in female animalz

Back 91

oviduct

Front 92

what are the four regions of the oviduct

Back 92

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, intramural part

Front 93

what is the shaped of the fimbriae of the infundibulum

Back 93

funnel shaped

Front 94

this is the longest region of the oviduct and is the actual site of fertilization

Back 94

ampulla

Front 95

this is the short narrow part of the oviduct and is located next to the uterus

Back 95

isthmus

Front 96

This part of the oviduct extends thru the wall of the uterus

Back 96

intramural part

Front 97

other name of oviduct

Back 97

uterine tube

Front 98

What is the epithelium of the oviduct

Back 98

simple columnar intermittently ciliated

Front 99

In cow and sow, what is the epithelium of the oviduct

Back 99

Pseudostratified columnar with intermittent cilia

Front 100

What do you call the cells without cilia

Back 100

peg cells

Front 101

what is the function of the cilia in the oviduct

Back 101

movement of the ova along thetunica mucosa

Front 102

This process occurs in reaction to circulating levels of estrogen

Back 102

Ciliogenesis

Front 103

What is the muscularis mucosae of the oviduct

Back 103

N/A. The oviduct has no MM

Front 104

what is the tissue of the LP submucosa of the oviduct

Back 104

loose connective tissue

Front 105

Which part of the oviduct is the tunica muscularis best developed

Back 105

isthmus

Front 106

What is the cell found in the testes

Back 106

spermatogenic cells

Front 107

What is the function of the spermatogenic cells

Back 107

produce sperm

Front 108

During ejaculation, sperm leave system via ________________________ and ______________________

Back 108

ductus (vas) deferens and penile urethra

Front 109

Where is the site of semen deposition in mare

Back 109

uterus

Front 110

where is the site of semen deposition in sow

Back 110

cervix

Front 111

where is the site of semen deposition in dog, cats, and other animals

Back 111

vagina

Front 112

where is the site of implantation of fertilized ovum and later growth of the embryo.

Back 112

Uterus

Front 113

Three regions of the uterus

Back 113

the horn, the body and the cervix

Front 114

what are the walls of the uterus

Back 114

endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium

Front 115

This wall of the uterus corresponds to the tunica mucosa of tubular organs.

Back 115

endometrium

Front 116

what is the epithelium of the LE of uterus

Back 116

simple columnar epithelium

Front 117

in the sow and cow, what is the epithelium found in LE of the uterus

Back 117

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 118

what is the gland found in the uterud

Back 118

uterine gland

Front 119

in what animal is the lamina propia of the endometrium is extremely vascularized and devoid of uterine glands

Back 119

ruminants

Front 120

functions of the male reproductive system

Back 120

replication of each species, Production and transport spermatozoa, Secretion of required fluids, deposition of semen in the female tract, and transport urine outsid the body

Front 121

what are the organs of the male reproductive system

Back 121

2 testes, ecretory duct, accessory glands, penis

Front 122

what organs is responsible for the production of male gametes or spermatozoa

Back 122

testes

Front 123

what organ transport the spermatozoa from the testes to the outside environment

Back 123

excretory duct

Front 124

the secretions of this organs helps in the formation of semen

Back 124

accessory glands

Front 125

this organ in males serves both as copulatory organ and passage way of urine

Back 125

penis

Front 126

During the embryonic stage, testes are located_____________-

Back 126

near the kidneys

Front 127

when does the testes descend to the scrotum

Back 127

Just before or immediately after birth

Front 128

this is a specialized pouch of the skin where the testes is located

Back 128

scrotum

Front 129

TRUE OR FALSE. The testes may be classified as both exocrine and endocrine gland

Back 129

TRUE

Front 130

what is the exocrine function of testes

Back 130

production of spermatozoa

Front 131

what is the endocrine function of testes

Back 131

secretion of testosterone/ androgen

Front 132

what secretes testosterone in the testes

Back 132

interstitial cells of Leydig.

Front 133

histologically, what is the shape of the testes

Back 133

ovoid

Front 134

histologically, the testes is enclosed by a capsule of _______________

Back 134

DWFCT (tunica albuginea.)

Front 135

where can you usually find tunica albuginea in the testes

Back 135

at highly vascular layer (stratum vasculare)

Front 136

the tunica albuginea is located _____________ in the dog and ram

Back 136

superficially

Front 137

the tunica albuginea is located ____________________ in the stallion and boar

Back 137

deeply among the seminiferous tubules

Front 138

what do you call the branches given off by the tunica albuginea

Back 138

septuli testis

Front 139

what is the function of septuli testis

Back 139

divides the testis into lobules and connect with the loose connective tissue of the mediastinum testis at the anterior pole of the testis.

Front 140

these are tiny coiled tubules found in the testes which radiate from the mediastinum testis to the periphery

Back 140

Seminiferous tubules

Front 141

what is the other name of semineferous tubules

Back 141

tubuli contorti

Front 142

what epithelium is foundin the walls of semineferous tubules

Back 142

multilayered special epithelium

Front 143

enumerate the cells types found in the semineferous tubules from the outside inward

Back 143

spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatid

Front 144

this is the supportive cells of the testis which nourish the spermatids

Back 144

sertoli cells

Front 145

what is the shape of sertoli cells

Back 145

columnar

Front 146

where is the sertoli cells located

Back 146

interspersed between the multilayered epithelium of the seminiferous tubules.

Front 147

where is the leydig cells located

Back 147

outside the seminiferous tubules

Front 148

what structure fill up the spaces between seminiferous tubule

Back 148

Interstitial cells of Leydig

Front 149

what is the shape and appearance of the nucleus of leydig cells

Back 149

Polyhedral in shape with large spherical nuclei

Front 150

TRUE OR FALSE. The leydig cells is abundant in the boar, stallion, and ox

Back 150

FALSE. (Boar and ox only)

Front 151

what is secreted by the leydig cells

Back 151

testosterone

Front 152

these are straight tubules which connect the seminiferous tubules with the rete testis

Back 152

Tubuli Recti

Front 153

what epithelium is present in the tubuli recti

Back 153

simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 154

this results from the anatomosis of many tubules and connects with the first part of the excretory ducts of the male reproductive system

Back 154

Rete Testis

Front 155

where is rete testis located

Back 155

Located in the mediastinum testis

Front 156

what is the epithelium of the rete testis

Back 156

simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 157

what does rete mean

Back 157

net

Front 158

what are the excretory ducts of the male reproductive system

Back 158

Ductuli efferentes, Ductus epididymis, Ductus deferens or vas deferens, and Urethra

Front 159

these structure are coiled and connect the rete testis with the ductus epididymis.

Back 159

Ductuli efferentes

Front 160

how many ductuli efferentes is present on each testis

Back 160

6 to 20

Front 161

why is the ductuli efferentes difficult to locate in histological sections

Back 161

they are frequently disengaged during the separation of the testis from the epididymis

Front 162

what is the epithelium of the ductuli efferentes

Back 162

simple columnar intermittently ciliated

Front 163

these are long coiled tube closely related to the testis.

Back 163

Ductus epididymis

Front 164

what is the appearance of the ductus epididymis in histological sections

Back 164

Appears as many separate tubules in the tissue section

Front 165

what is the epithelium of the ductus epididymis

Back 165

pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium.

Front 166

what cilia is present in the ductus epididymis

Back 166

stereocilia

Front 167

what is the function of stereocilia in the ductus epididymis

Back 167

increase the surface area for absorption or secretion.

Front 168

TRUE OR FALSE. Stereocilia are motile

Back 168

FALSE. (non-motile)

Front 169

in ruminants, what is the ultimate sites at which maternal tissues make contact with the fetal cotyledons

Back 169

caruncles

Front 170

where is the caruncles located in ruminants

Back 170

lamina propria of endometrium

Front 171

this wall of the uterus corresponds to the tunica muscularis of visceral organs

Back 171

myometrium

Front 172

the myometrium consists of a ______________ and ___________________________

Back 172

thick inner circular; thinner outer longitudinal smooth muscle

Front 173

what structure occurs between the myometrium and endometrium

Back 173

stratum vasculare

Front 174

this wall of the uterus corresponds to the tunica serosa of visceral organs

Back 174

perimetrium

Front 175

this organ of the female RS Serves as a valve to close off the uterus from the vagina

Back 175

cervix

Front 176

TRUE OR FALSE. The cervix of animals except for the bitch possesses glnads similar to the glands that occur in the uterus

Back 176

FALSE. (only the bitch possesses glands similar to the glands found in the uterus, other species/ animals are devoid of it)

Front 177

what is the epithelium of the LE of the cervix

Back 177

simple columnar epithelium

Front 178

what influences the secretions of the cervix

Back 178

stages of estrus cycle

Front 179

what substance is secreted by the cervix during estrus

Back 179

clear mucus

Front 180

what substance is secreted by the cervix during pregnancy

Back 180

thick cervical plug

Front 181

what feature of the cervix distinguishes it as glandular

Back 181

Numerous longitudinal folds

Front 182

the lining cells of the cervix may present _____________

Back 182

kinocilia.

Front 183

what is the tunica submucosa of the cervix

Back 183

DWFCT

Front 184

What tunic of the cervix is well developed and rich in elastic fibers

Back 184

Tunica muscularis

Front 185

what is the epithelium of the vagina

Back 185

stratified cuboidal-stratified squamous non-keratinized

Front 186

in what animals can you find isolated foci of goblet cells in the cranial portion of the organ.

Back 186

cow

Front 187

in wha animals is the intraepithelial glands pragmatic during estrus.

Back 187

bitch

Front 188

2 parts of the vulva

Back 188

vestibule and labia

Front 189

what structure is presented/ found in the vestibule of the vulva

Back 189

the clitoris and the urethral opening

Front 190

this part of the vulva is alike in structure to the caudal portion of the vagina.

Back 190

vestibule

Front 191

what is the epithelium of the LE of the vulva

Back 191

stratified squamous non-keratinized with extensive lymphocytic infiltration.

Front 192

the LP submucosa of the vulva is consists of _______________________________

Back 192

loose and dense c.t. rich in elastic fibers

Front 193

in cows, where are the vestibular glands concentrated

Back 193

near clitoris

Front 194

2 distinct muscles of the tunica muscularis of the vestibule of vulva

Back 194

constrictor vestibuli and constrictor vulvae.

Front 195

this organ is homologue of penis

Back 195

clitoris

Front 196

three parts of the clitoris

Back 196

body, glans and prepuce

Front 197

what are the tissues and muscles found in the corpus clitoridis/ body of clitoris

Back 197

cavernous or erectile tissue, adipose tissue and smooth muscle

Front 198

the capsule of the clitoris is made up of ____________-

Back 198

DWFCT

Front 199

What tissue or connective tissue may or may not be present in the glans of clitoris

Back 199

erectile tissue or areolar c.t.

Front 200

what animals may have an erectile tissue in the glans of clitoris

Back 200

bitch and mare

Front 201

what part of the clitoris is defined as a glandular and hairless reflection of the skin of the vestibule rich in sensory nerve endings.

Back 201

prepuce of clitoris

Front 202

which part of the clitoris is sensory nerve endings located

Back 202

prepuce of clitoris

Front 203

this part of the vulva contains folds of integument composed of typical integumentary structure

Back 203

labia

Front 204

in domestic animals, what sole pair of labia is developed

Back 204

labia majora

Front 205

the outer surface of the labia is enclosed with _____________________________________

Back 205

skin which presents hairs, sebaceous and sweat glands

Front 206

what is the epithelium of the inner surface of the labia

Back 206

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

Front 207

what animal has a simple develoment of the labia minora

Back 207

bitch

Front 208

these are slight elevations of the skin lateral to the labia majora

Back 208

labia minora

Front 209

2 parts of the labia

Back 209

labia minora and majora

Front 210

this refers to the vaginal changes in animals

Back 210

estrus cycle

Front 211

what are the cells present during anestrus

Back 211

non-cornified, round to oval epithelial cells with large, distinct and uniform nuclei.

Front 212

during this cycle of estrus small numbe of neutrophils is present and only minimal number of cellular debris can be seen

Back 212

anestrus

Front 213

what cycle of the estrus is classified with pykonotic nuclei, absent leukocytes, numerous erythrocytes, and various types of bacteria thata re free, on, or within epithelial cells

Back 213

proestrus

Front 214

TRUE OR FALSE. Leukocyte are absent by the middle of proestrus

Back 214

TRUE

Front 215

What causes the increase of erythrocytes during the proestrus

Back 215

result of diapedesis from the underlying vascular bed

Front 216

what cell is found during the proestrus

Back 216

cornifying superficial epithelial cells

Front 217

what cell is found during the estrus

Back 217

cornified epithelial cells with straight cytoplasm border and pyknotic nuclei

Front 218

Late estrus is described as ____________________

Back 218

epithelial cells without nuclei.

Front 219

what stages of the estrus cycle is classified with a reduce number of erythrocytes, presence of a variety of bacteria, and numerous cellular debris

Back 219

estrus

Front 220

what causes the increase of cellular debris during the estrus

Back 220

breaking up of epithelial cells

Front 221

what phase of the estrus cycle does the female becomes receptive to mating

Back 221

estrus

Front 222

when does the neutrophils reappear prior to diestrus

Back 222

1-2 days

Front 223

what stage of the estrus cycles is classifies with small and abundant neutrophils, and disappearance of cellular debris and erythrocytes

Back 223

diestrus

Front 224

what cell starts to reappear during the diestrus

Back 224

cornified epithelial cells

Front 225

TRUE OR FALSE. Birds lay eggs in clutches

Back 225

TRUE

Front 226

How long is the rest period of birds before they lay another egg

Back 226

1 day

Front 227

TRUE OR FALSE. Clutch size is species-specific and is held within fairly tight limits

Back 227

TRUE

Front 228

when does the ovulation for the enxt egg of the clutch occues

Back 228

within an hour of laying the previous one

Front 229

what is the difference of the follicles of birds compared to mammals

Back 229

no antrum, and no follicular fluid; instead the entire follicle is filled with a very yolky egg

Front 230

what do you call the whitish area that develops at the time of ovulation of birds which appears in the surface of the follicle

Back 230

stigma

Front 231

where is the egg expelled in birds

Back 231

upper end of the reproductive tract/ upper end of oviduct

Front 232

these are finger like projections covered with cilia in the infundibulum in birds and mammals

Back 232

fimbriae

Front 233

what do you call the expanded upper end of the oviduct in mammals and birds

Back 233

infundibulum

Front 234

what is the epithelium of the fimbriae of birds

Back 234

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Front 235

what is the function of the cilia in the fimbriae of birds

Back 235

moving the egg into the funnel shaped upper end of the tube

Front 236

what is secreted by the infundibulum in birds

Back 236

chalazae

Front 237

what do you call the whitish string-like structures on either side of the yolk,

Back 237

chalazae

Front 238

what is the function of the chalazae

Back 238

keeps the embryo in proper position during development.

Front 239

what is the nature of the mucosa of the bird's infundibulum

Back 239

rugated with extensive folds

Front 240

which part of the bird's RS does fertilization takes place

Back 240

oviduct

Front 241

in birds, what helps the egg go down the reproductove tract

Back 241

Contractions of the muscular oviduct and body movements

Front 242

what is the largest portion of the oviduct of birds

Back 242

magnum

Front 243

what is secreted by the magnum

Back 243

egg white/ albumin

Front 244

what is the epithelium of the mucosa of the magnum

Back 244

simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium

Front 245

what is the third portion of the oviduct in birds

Back 245

isthmus

Front 246

what is the mucosal lining of the isthmus

Back 246

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Front 247

what is secreted by isthmus

Back 247

soft shell membrane

Front 248

what is the source of the soft shell membrane secreted in the isthmus

Back 248

basophilic glands

Front 249

what is the last of the secretory portions of the oviduct

Back 249

shell gland/ uterus

Front 250

what is secreted by the uterus in birds

Back 250

hard calcareous shell of the egg

Front 251

what epithelium is found in the crypts of the uterus in birds

Back 251

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Front 252

what mineral makes up the bulk of the shell

Back 252

calcium carbonate

Front 253

what is the last portion of the ovidcut

Back 253

vagina

Front 254

This a muscular tube through which the egg is expelled to the outside world

Back 254

vagina

Front 255

what is the epithelium of the vagina

Back 255

ciliated tall columnar epithelium

Front 256

what is the epithelium of the sperm host gland

Back 256

simple columnar epithelium

Front 257

where is the sperm host gland located

Back 257

junction of the uterus and vagina

Front 258

what is the function of the sperm glands

Back 258

store sperm for long periods of time after copulation

Front 259

what do you call the glands found in the junction of the uterus and vagina in birds

Back 259

sperm host gland

Front 260

how long can sperm be stored in the sperm host gland

Back 260

10 days to 2 weeks

Front 261

TRUE OR FALSE. The temperature of the scrotum is 1 to 2 degrees celcius lower than the body temperature

Back 261

FALSE. (2°C to 3°C lower)

Front 262

Why is the temperature in the scrotum lower than the body temperature

Back 262

because of sweat evaporation and pampiniform plexus

Front 263

what mechanism cools the arterial blood as it enters the testes

Back 263

Countercurrent heat-exchange mechanism

Front 264

this tunic surrounds the testes and forms mediastinum testis

Back 264

tunica albuginea

Front 265

what seperates the testis into testicular lobes

Back 265

Thin connective tissue septa from mediastinum testis

Front 266

what cells are found in the germinal epithelium of the testes

Back 266

spermatogenic cells and Sertoli (supportive) cells

Front 267

what type of stem cells is formed from the mitotic division of spermatogenic cells

Back 267

type A and type B stem cells

Front 268

this is the mitotic divisions of spermatogenic cells to form type A and type B stem cells

Back 268

spermatogenesis

Front 269

what spermatogenic cells give rise to primary spermatocytes,

Back 269

Type B

Front 270

What is the largest cell of the semineferous tubules

Back 270

Type B

Front 271

what give rise to smaller secondary spermatocytes

Back 271

Primary spermatocytes

Front 272

what happens when spermatocytes undergo meiosis

Back 272

reduce number of chromosomes and amount of DNA

Front 273

Secondary spermatocytes divide to form _______________

Back 273

spermatids

Front 274

what do you call the morphological transformation of spermatids

Back 274

spermiogenesis

Front 275

what is the function of the cilia in ductuli efferentes

Back 275

move sperm and fluid from seminiferous tubules to ductus epididymis

Front 276

what is the function of the nonciliated cells in ductuli efferentes

Back 276

absorb much of the testicular fluid as it passes to ductus epididymis

Front 277

what is the lining epithelium of the ductuli efferentes and epididymis

Back 277

Pseudostratified epithelium

Front 278

what are the cells present the ductuli efferentes and epididymis

Back 278

principal and basal cells

Front 279

what cilia lines the surface of cells in ductus epididymis and vas deferens

Back 279

Stereocilia

Front 280

what is the function of the sterocilia in the ductus epididymis and vas deferens

Back 280

absorb testicular fluid

Front 281

what are the functions of the principal cells of the ductus epididymis and vas deferens

Back 281

phagocytose residual cytoplasm, produce glycolipid decapacitation factor

Front 282

what is the cell foud I the ductus epididymis and vas deferens

Back 282

principal cells

Front 283

this process inhibits the fertilizing ability of sperm until removed in the female reproductive tract

Back 283

Decapacitation

Front 284

this process is the activation of sperm which allows sperm to bind to the ovulated oocyte and fertilize it

Back 284

capacitation

Front 285

what is the enzyme released by the acrosomal reaction

Back 285

acrosomal enzyme/ hydrolytic enzyme

Front 286

what is the function of the acrosoaml enzyme

Back 286

assist sperm penetration of the ovum

Front 287

what is the function of the sertoli cells

Back 287

Physical support, protection, nutrition, and release of mature sperm into tubules

Front 288

what protein is released by the sertoli cells to concentrate testosterone in tubules and testicular fluid for sperm transport

Back 288

androgen-binding protein

Front 289

what is the function of the androgen-binding protein released by the sertoli cells

Back 289

to concentrate testosterone in tubules and testicular fluid for sperm transport

Front 290

what are the hormones secreted by the sertoli cells

Back 290

inhibin, activin, and anti-Müllerian hormone

Front 291

what hormones stimulates spermatogenesis

Back 291

luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones

Front 292

which part of the rbain produces luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones

Back 292

pituitary gland

Front 293

what hormonal secretion is stimulated by the LSH

Back 293

Testosterone secretion

Front 294

what hormonal secretion is stimulated by the FSH

Back 294

stimulates sertoli cells to produce androgenbinding hormone

Front 295

what hormone is vital for spermatogenesis and accessory gland function

Back 295

Testosterone

Front 296

what is the function of the hormone inhibin

Back 296

inhibit FSH

Front 297

what is the function of the hormone activin

Back 297

activates release of FSH in the pituitary gland

Front 298

what type of feedback is used by activin to release FSH from the pituitary gland

Back 298

negative feedback

Front 299

what structure separates the vagina from the uterus

Back 299

cervix

Front 300

this is the cyclic monthly changes that occurs in the organs of the female RS

Back 300

Menstrual cycle

Front 301

what do you call the start of the first menstrual cycle

Back 301

menarche

Front 302

what do you call the end of the menstrual cycle

Back 302

menopause

Front 303

what hormone controls the release of FSH aNd LSH

Back 303

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Front 304

when does the first mitosis division of the oogonia occurs

Back 304

during embryonic development

Front 305

Oogonia enter first meiotic division and remain as _____________ in primordial follicles

Back 305

primary oocytes

Front 306

when does the primordial follicles grow to become primary, secondary, and mature follicles

Back 306

puberty

Front 307

TRUE OR FALSE. Ovarian follicles can undergo degeneration or atresia at specific stage of development

Back 307

FALSE. (any stage of development)

Front 308

what cells surrounds the primordial follicles with primary oocyte

Back 308

squamous follicular cells

Front 309

what factors determines the initiation of development and activation of the primordial follicles

Back 309

local growth factors and gonadotropin stimulation

Front 310

what type of cell layer is exhbited by the primary follicle

Back 310

exhibit simple cuboidal or stratified granulosa cell layers

Front 311

these follicles exhibit liquid accumulations between granulosa cells or antrum

Back 311

secondary follicles

Front 312

these follicles are mature, span the cortex, and extend into medulla

Back 312

primary follicles

Front 313

where are the oocytes located in maturing follicles

Back 313

mound cumulus oophorus

Front 314

in mammals, what structure and cell surrounds the primary oocytes

Back 314

zona pellucida and corona radiata cells in follicles

Front 315

what are the hormones responsible for later development, maturation, and ovulation of follicles

Back 315

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 316

What is the estrogen precursor

Back 316

androstenedione

Front 317

what secretes androstenedione

Back 317

LH receptors

Front 318

what convertes estrogenic steroid precursors to estrogen

Back 318

aromatase enzyme

Front 319

where is estrogenic steroid precursors convertes to estrogen

Back 319

granulosa cells of the follicle

Front 320

Decreased follicle-stimulating hormone levels induce ________- in other developing follicles

Back 320

atresia

Front 321

Ovulation site on mature follicle is the thinned bulging area called ______ that is devoid of blood flow

Back 321

stigma

Front 322

what happens to collapsed ovulated follicles that are vascularized

Back 322

becomes temporary corpus luteum

Front 323

when does the completion of second meiotic division occur in female's

Back 323

when oocyte is fertilized by sperm

Front 324

how long are oocytes viable

Back 324

24 hours

Front 325

what happens when the oocytes is not fertilized within 24 hours

Back 325

it degrades (monthly cycle)

Front 326

these are remnants of theca interna cells after follicular atresia

Back 326

Interstitial cells in ovary

Front 327

these forms after ovulation and liberation of secondary oocyte

Back 327

corpus luteum

Front 328

what hormone induces hypertrophy and luteinization of granulosa cells and theca interna cells

Back 328

LSH

Front 329

what hormone causes production of estrogen and increased amounts of progesterone

Back 329

LSH

Front 330

Withou fertilization, how long is the corpus luteum active

Back 330

12 days

Front 331

this process leads to connective scar tissue corpus albicans

Back 331

regression

Front 332

if fertilization occurs, what happens to the corpus luteum

Back 332

corpus luteum becomes corpus luteum of pregnancy

Front 333

what produces human chorionic gonadotropin

Back 333

trophoblasts

Front 334

what is the function of the human chorionic gonadotropin

Back 334

stimulates corpus luteum

Front 335

what structure takes over the function of the corpus luteum during the pregnancy

Back 335

placenta

Front 336

is the placenta an endocrine or exocrine organ

Back 336

endocrine organ

Front 337

what is the epithelium of the uterine tubes/ oviduct in mammals

Back 337

simple columnar with ciliated and nonciliated secretory (peg) cells

Front 338

what are the functions of the secretory cells of the oviduct uterine tube

Back 338

nutrition for oocyte, fertilized ovum, and developing embryo

Front 339

what are the functions of the uterine tube secretions

Back 339

maintain sperm and enhance capacitation of sperm

Front 340

what muscles provide peristaltic contractions to help capture ovulated oocyte

Back 340

smooth muscles

Front 341

how are ovulates oocytes captured

Back 341

through the peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscles

Front 342

what reaction of the oviduct uterine tubes blocks polyspermy

Back 342

cortical reaction

Front 343

three parts of the uterus

Back 343

body, fundus, and cervix

Front 344

two divisions of the endometrium

Back 344

stratum functionalis and stratum basalis

Front 345

what division of the endometrium is shed with menstrual flow

Back 345

stratum functionalis

Front 346

what hormones and factors does the endometrium responds to

Back 346

estrogen and progesterone and ovarian functions

Front 347

when does proliferative phase of the uterus starts

Back 347

end of menstrual phase after estrogen release

Front 348

Ovarian estrogen induces ______________ and formation of a new _______________

Back 348

endometrial growth; stratum functionalis

Front 349

when does the secretory phase of the uterus starts

Back 349

after ovulation and corpus luteum formation

Front 350

what arteries extend and reach the surface of endometrium

Back 350

spiral arteries