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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 myelodysplastic syndromes
|
preleukemia
subacute leukemia dysmyelopoietic syndrome |
|
median age of MDS onset
|
70
|
|
MDS presents with
|
moderate/severe anemia
|
|
MDS disease course is usually
|
indolent
|
|
MDS is usually ___ but can be ___
|
idiopathic
heredofamilial |
|
secondary MDS is more/less aggressive than primary and has more/less cytogenetic abnormalities
|
more
more |
|
in MDS there's ___penia
|
pancyto
|
|
to diagnose MDS you need to exclude
|
B12/folate deficiency
heavy metal exposure cytotoxic tx inflammation |
|
3 aspects of abnormal maturation in MDS
|
abnormal response to GFs
erthropoiesis inhibition by cytokines increased apoptosis |
|
4 cytokines driving apoptosis in MDS
|
TNF
IFNg IL1 TGFb |
|
leukemic tendency in MDS is associated with ___
|
karyotypic abnormalities
|
|
3 cytogenetic abnormalities associated with good prognosis
|
Y-
5q- 20q- |
|
1 cytogenetic abnormality associated with bad prognosis
|
7
|
|
5 MDS subtypes
|
reactive anemia (RA)
RA with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) RA with excessive blasts (RAEB) RAEB with leukemic transformation (RAEB-t) chronic myelo monocytic leukemia (CMML) |
|
2 MDS subtypes with low risk of transformation
|
RA
RARS |
|
3 MDS prognostic factors
|
age
platelet count BM blasts % |
|
in 5q del syndrome megakaryocytes are ___
|
hyposegmented
|
|
CMML occurs after age ___. ___ are visible in PB and ___ in BM.
|
50
myelocytes monocytic hyperplasia |
|
tx for low-risk MDS
|
supportive tx
GFs immune modulation Fe chelation |
|
GFs given for MDS
|
EPO
G-CSF |
|
drugs given for low-risk MDS
|
linelidomide
azacitidine |
|
tx for high-risk MDS
|
supportive
chemo stem cell transplant BMT |