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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the immune system consist of?
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Tissues, organs, and processes that protect the body from foreign material like bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
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What is unique about the way that lymph travels?
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All lymph travels through at least 1 lymph node.
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What are lymphnodes?
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Lymphnodes are round or oval capsules spaced throughout the lymphatic system that help clean lymph of cellular debris, bacteria, and even dust that has entered the body.
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What are lymphocytes?
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A type of white blood cell found in the lymph.
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What are the most popular lymphocites?
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T-cells, B-cells, and NK- cells.
(natural killer cells) |
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What does the thymus do?
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It secretes a hormone called thymosin which is involved in maturation of T-cells.
**Thymus is largest during infancy and gets smaller |
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What are tonsils?
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Masses of lymphatic tissue in the throat used to trap and kill invading cells and particles.
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What does the spleen do?
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It is an organ near the stomach used to mature lymphacites, and hold them. It is also used as a disposal site for worn out blood cells.
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What is the immune system's main function?
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To protect against injury and to maintain vigilance against foreign substances that the body encounters.
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What are some first lines of defense against foreign substances?
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Skin and mucous membranes.
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What is Phagocytosis?
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The attacking of foreign particles by the cells of the immune system---chemicals are secreted to breakdown the invaders.
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How is inflammation considered a nonspecific immune system response?
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Dilation occurs to increase blood flow to the injury. The IS is working to restore tissues that have been damaged by invaders.
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How does the T-Cell response work?
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When invasion occurs the microorganisms are killed and eaten this is then absorbed by the T-Cells which study the foreign matter. The T- Cells then aquire new specific receptors that recognize the invader. Then a direct attack occurs. This process is called cell mediated immunity.
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How does the B- Cell Respose work?
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This attack is indirect- The B-cells differentiate into plasma cells and secrete antibodies.The anitbodies attack the foreigners specifically
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What are memory lymphocytes?
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A reserve of lymphocytes to attack the foreigner after the first attack has taken place. (can be stored for years)
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Why are vaccinations important?
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They are important because they occur to create antibodies.
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What are some ways that immune deficiencies come about?
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They can be caused naturally or caused by drugs.
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What happens with HIV?
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HIV destroys T-Cells, this can lead to the IS shutting down.
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What are allergies?
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Abnormal reactions to foreign invaders--hypersensitivity to certain substances.
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What are autoimmune diseases?
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Diseases that occur when the immune system attacks the body.
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What does the immune surveillance theory state?
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States that cancer is caused by the IS failure.
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What is psychoneuroimmunology?
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A field that focuses on the interactions among behavior, the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system.
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What does the Diathesis Stress Model Suggest?
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That some individuals are vulnerable to stress related diseases because either genetic weakness or biochemical imbalance inherently predisposes them.
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What are some unhealthy habits that are connected to stress?
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Over-eating, smoking, drinking, drugs.--All of which can lead to disease.
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What is a concern for people who are stressed?
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People who are stressed are more likely to develop headaches and infectious diseases.
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Is there a connection between stress and blood pressure?
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No.
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What is reactivity?
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How you react to stress affects disease.
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Which ethnicity has the highest levels of stress?
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AA's have higher levels of stress than european americans, then asians.
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Does stress cause ulcers?
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Ulcers are not caused by stress but stress contributes to their development.
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What are some common stress related diseases?
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Diabetes, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, premature delivery, depression and PTSD.
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