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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Triglycerides
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main component of fats & oils
is principal form in which fat is stored in the body composed of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule higher ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats is better for you |
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obesogenic environment
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environment that generates too high an equilibruium level of fatness relative to average activity levels
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3 factors that influence this equilibrium?
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biological....behavioral....environmental
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fat balance equation
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rate of change of fat stores in body= rate of fat intake - rate of fat oxidation
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declared obesity a epidemic?
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WHO
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Triglycerides
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main component of fats & oils
is principal form in which fat is stored in the body composed of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule higher ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats is better for you |
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obesogenic environment
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environment that generates too high an equilibruium level of fatness relative to average activity levels
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3 factors that influence this equilibrium?
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biological....behavioral....environmental
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fat balance equation
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rate of change of fat stores in body= rate of fat intake - rate of fat oxidation
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declared obesity a epidemic?
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WHO
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contributes to global burden of disease?
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Heart disease, type 2 disease, hypertension,stroke, some cancers,osteoartrthris,gallbladder disease,depression, low self esteem, stigmatization, job discrimintaion
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what % of US adult considered obese? overweight?
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27% and 34%
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hunter gather food supply?
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75% veggies and 25%meat
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Adverse consequences of agricultural evolution?
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food supplies ependent on weather, diet was less varied and balanced, malnutrition, anemia, social problems, war, BR increase, epidemics
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How does food promotion affect obesity?
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persuades people to buy more food,
bigger serving sizes & price inducements to order larger sizes, substitutes natural with artificial foods, adds salt,sugar,fats, oils to enhance flavor and look opens up markets in developing countries |
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food choices based on?
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attractiveness,access, availability, affordability
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what do we need to control this toxic food enviroment?
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effective controls, regulations, restrictions and labeling
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how is our environment toxic?
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proliferation of cars,computer, fast food, and television,
desk jobs and long hours, developing nations are vulnerable to glamour of american burgers |
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children's food promotion dominated by?(big 4)
Promoted in terms of?? |
pre sugared breakfast cereals, soft drinks, confectionary snacks, savory snacks
Promoted in terms of fun, fantasy, and taste) |
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Possible cause of obesity?
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*Genetic predisposition
*family eating patterns *lack of physical activity *culture *lack of positive role models *lifestyle *individual food choices |
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what is the most popular drug?
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caffeine
*highest consumption in the UK |
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Who have a lower risk for developing CHD?
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vegetarians because they eat more fruits and veggies
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how do we learn our food preferences?
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moral values, culture, cuisine
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How can we modify taste preferences?
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*mere exposure
*flavor flavor learning(pairing preferrd flavors with new flavors) *Flavor nutrient learning- flavors repeatedly associated with a nutrient become preferred) *taste aversion learning- novel taste follewed by unpleasant stimlus such as vomiting * |
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types of food intervention?
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CBT *hypnosis*physical activity * group therapy * low call diet
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what is light drinking?
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less than 10 units per week for men nn 7 u/wk for women
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moderate drinking?
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11-41 units for men
8- 27 for women |
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heavy drinking?
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more than 42 units for men
28 u/wkfor gilrs |
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1 unit equals gow many gm's?
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8
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risks that can happen for drinking on one occasion?
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*pregnancy*Std*domestic abuse* Accidents(driving, drowning etc..)
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risks for regular heavy drinking?
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liver cirrhosis*loss of employment* alcohol dependence* increased risk of cardiovascular and cancers*irreversible nerve damage
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risks for pregnant women?
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*fetal alcohol syndrom* LBW* spontaneous abortion
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what are some genetic theories on drinking?
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some people are predisposed to be more likely to develop alcohol problems if they drink *DNA variation for how alcohol is metabolized
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Alcoholism? How is it treated?
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chronic and irreversible*
Treated only by lifelong abstinence |
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addiction theory?
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once disease is established, lose all control over drinking
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3 factors relevent to learning to drink
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*personal histosries of learning to drink
*present social environment *physiological variables that play a part in determining the effects of alcohol on the individual |
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how is classical conditioning and alcohol related?
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as you drink more n more when you get it certain situations it is just natural to want a drink
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classical conditioning
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response occurs as a natural reflex to a particular stimulus can be conditioned to a new stimulus
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operant conditioning
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can be trained to respond to a stimulus after reciving reward for a correct stimulus
ie. drinking quickly can reduce anxiety which is a positive reinforcer. |
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population based approach
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effective mthod of reducing the extent of alcohol problems in society
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what things can the government do to prevent alcohol problems?
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*policies on alcohol*taxation*licensing controls( where and when drinking can take place)* setting age limit* laws afecting drunk driving
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What role does the industry take?
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*promote glamourous image of women * targeting young people and women * promoting a drinking culture * sponsoring sports and the arts * lobbying of the government
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nanny state
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state that puts heavy limits on alcohol consumption to protect the small % of alcoholics in the population
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strong correlation between what and rinking?
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strong correlation between liver cirrhosis and prolonged heavy drinking
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treatments for alcoholics?
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in patient- counseling an therapy
*alcoholic anonymous- self help group using 12 step program by prior alcoholics *counseling and psychotherapy- helps them achieve insight into causes and effects of drinking |
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how does cognitive behavior therapy help alcoholics?
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motivation enhancement therapy- create warm environment
*relaspse prevention therapy- helps them from relapsing in a sigle trip *social skills training- helps them to adapt in social environment in which others are drinking heavily |
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what things can the government do to prevent alcohol problems?
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*policies on alcohol*taxation*licensing controls( where and when drinking can take place)* setting age limit* laws afecting drunk driving
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What role does the industry take?
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*promote glamourous image of women * targeting young people and women * promoting a drinking culture * sponsoring sports and the arts * lobbying of the government
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nanny state
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state that puts heavy limits on alcohol consumption to protect the small % of alcoholics in the population
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strong correlation between what and rinking?
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strong correlation between liver cirrhosis and prolonged heavy drinking
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treatments for alcoholics?
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in patient- counseling an therapy
*alcoholic anonymous- self help group using 12 step program by prior alcoholics *counseling and psychotherapy- helps them achieve insight into causes and effects of drinking |
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how does cognitive behavior therapy help alcoholics?
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motivation enhancement therapy- create warm environment
*relaspse prevention therapy- helps them from relapsing in a sigle trip *social skills training- helps them to adapt in social environment in which others are drinking heavily |
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do people or higher or lower incomes smoke more?
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lower
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15 years after quiting smoking what are the risks?
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risk of cancer is equal to that of a nonsmoker
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how does smoking industry appeal to kids?
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They use flavored cigarettes
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What did the head owner of CAMEL die from?
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pancreatic cancer from chewing tobacco
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What are the issues with bannin tobacco?
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* income for many people
*advertising doesnt have an effect *tobacco industry funds alot of things |
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advertising increases smoking by:
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encouraging kids to try it* reduces smokers motivation to quit
*muting opposition because of sponsorship * creating an environment in which tobacco use is familiar and acceptable |
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Nicotine in low doses can cause:
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* weight loss *decreased irritability
*increased alertness *tranquilization *improved cognitive funtioning |
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nicotine paradox
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conflict between the stimulant effect of nicotine and reports of relaxation
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what product help stop smoking:
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nicotine gum
*transdermal patch *nasal spray |
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why do people start smoking:
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availability of cigarettes
* environment (parents who smoke, fam support) *social learning *smoking norm perceptions |
