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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is anxiety?
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normal experience in response to percieved threat or danger
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When is anxiety pathological?
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when it is too intense, frequent and persistent and interferes with ability to function
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What is dental anxiety?
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An apprehension to visit the dentist due to percieved danger of activity and may prevent attendance of visit
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What is dental phobia?
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When fear or anxiety of the dentist is out of proportion to the stimulus and avoidance of situation is common
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What is the management of Anxiety ?
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prevent the condition developing
good patient management good behavioural management calm sympathetic approach clear explanations |
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Is there any treatment for anxiety?
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yes, education, relaxation techniques, desensitisation and anxiolysis
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What are obsessions?
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Recurrent intrusive distressing thoughts
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What are compulsions?
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motor response to obsessions
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What is OCD?
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When the patient resists compulsions but completion results in reduction of anxiety associated with the thought
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What is hypochondriasis?
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an abnormal preoccupation with ones state of health or bodily function
hypersensitivity to normal bodily function |
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What is the management of hypochondriasis?
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Often difficult to persuade a patient that their symptoms have a pyschological component
Establish a reliable diagnosis, treat each complaint seriously and maybe refer to psych services |
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What is psychogenic pain?
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a physical manifestation of unarticulated psychological distress
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How do you suspect psychogenic pain?
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inconsistency with anatomical landmarks, does not wake patient but prevents falling asleep, history of repeated negative investigations
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What are 4 conditions in which pyschogenic pain exists?
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atypical facial pain
TMJ dysfunction atypical odontalgia oral dysaethsia |
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What is anorexia?
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refusal to maintain body weight at/above normal min weight to age/heigh
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What are some symptoms of anorexia?
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amenorrhea
odema lanugo hair hypothermia dehydration anaemia bradycardia |
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what is the management of anorexia?
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restoration of adequate nutriition
treatment of complication resolution of underlying psychological issues |
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what is bulimia?
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recurrent binge eating and may take compensatory measures to avoid weight gain
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what is the management of bulimia?
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food behavioural diaries, cbt
antidepressants? ohi needs thorough exam and regular reviews |
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What is CAGE screening for alcoholism?
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c - have you ever felt liek you shoudl CUT down your alcohol?
a - are you annoyed if people comment on your drinking? g - do you ever feel guilty about your drinking? e - have you ever had a drink early as an eye opener? |
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What is schizophrenia?
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presentation is variable
abnormal or bizarre thoughts and experiences assoc with a reduction in drive social function and alteration in emotion |
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What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
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delusions hallucinations and passivity phenomenon
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What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
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social withdrawal emotional blunting apathy and impaired social function
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what is the management of schizophrenia?
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antipsychotics which block dopamine
typical - antagonise dopamine receptors (effective for positive symptoms) atypical - action on dopaminergic/sertonergic receptors and effective for both positive and negative symptoms |
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what is depression?
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when a mood is depressed as a normal experinece on in response to a normal difficult situation in life
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When does depression become an illness?
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when it has abnormal severity, duration and significant impairment of function
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management of depression?
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adress the psychological biological and social difficulties
antidepressants (ssris, tca, maois) |
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what do MAOI's interact with?
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amino acid tyramine found in food
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what is bipolar disorder?
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elevated mood sustained with periods of depression
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what is mania?
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elevated mood lasting a long time, distractable, decreased need for sleep, inflated self esteem etc
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what is the management of bipolar disorder?
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treatment to decrease the impact or severity of current episode and reduce the likelihood of a further one
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