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173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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State |
Emphasizes Government |
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Nation |
Emphasizes People/Citizens |
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Nation-state |
Emphasizes people/government bond |
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Country |
Emphasizes territory |
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First Nations
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aboriginal people in Canada (not Inuit or Metis)
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Navajo nation |
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Capital of Navajo |
Window Rock, AZ |
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Term "state" used for first-order administrative division |
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Consituent Countries of the Kingdom of Denmark |
Greenland, Faroe Islands, Denmark |
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Why is nation-state not a good definition of "countries"? |
Nation-state is an ideal. Nation=cultural/ethnic entity, State=political/geopolitical entity |
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What are the most accurate terms for "countries"? |
Sovereign countries or Independent countries
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What is the ideal Sovereign state? |
Full Control over Entire Territorial Extent, Mutual Recognition |
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What is the official name of United Kingdom? |
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
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Fill in the blanks |
Scotland, Northern Ireland, Isle of Man, Republic of Ireland ('Eire),Wales, England
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This is the 2015 UK Election map. What is Yellow, Blue, Red, Orange? |
Scottish National Party, Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democrats |
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What are the six entities of European Rugby? |
England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, Wales |
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Realm of Elizabeth II |
Commonwealth Realms > Overseas Territories > Crown Dependencies
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Where is Basque? |
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Where is Catalunya? |
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Galiza, Euskadi, Aragon, Catalunya, Barcelona, Andalucia, Islas Canarias (Nationalities) |
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Two regions of Spain consisting Basque
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Euskadi & Navarra |
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Basque problem |
military/violent, goal of gaining independence for Greater Basque Country under ETA currently under ceasefire due to police pressure/weakening of organization/exile of leaders Basque people has longest history/ Basque language is isolated |
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Why is there a real Basque problem only in Spain, not in France?
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Due to "Francisco Franco", who declared Castilian as the only official language of Spain and forbidden the use of any other language in names and stuff |
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Problematic region of France |
Corsica, violent separatist by FLNC (not supported much by local) (discriminant) |
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Catalan regions |
Catalunya, Valencia (not in much favor of independence), Andorra, some France + Italy |
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Why Corsican nationalism? |
Demographic decline/economic collapse |
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Nationalism based on Northern Italy |
Lega Nord (party), Padania (region); economic reason. Italy into federal state, fiscal federalism, greater regional autonomy; centered around Venice. Not much history, but supported by majority |
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Belgium into three regions |
Flemish (Dutch speaking, prosperous), Walloon (French speaking, less prosperous), Brussels; all parties are only active in one community. Flemish on north, Walloon on south, Brussels as an enclave in Flemish region; Flemish movement (NVA) has a strategy of evolutionary evaporation (gradual dissolution) +german region on the east |
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Stuffs holding Belgium together |
king, football team, certain beers |
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Problems in Cyprus |
Northern Cyprus (self-declared state, less prosperous/ discriminated by Greek Cypriots) recognized only by Turkey (as it is almost a slave state of Turkey) and not by the rest of the world. Southern Cyprus: Greek. 1974 coup, attempt to annex the island to Greece & the following invasion by Turkey. made the country separate and currently UN and EU starting to support (or stopping to not support) the northern part. |
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Location of Kosovo |
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Slovenia, Croatia, Vojvodina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia |
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Rump Yugoslavia |
Serbia (+Kosovo) + Montenegro |
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Break-up of Rump state of yugo happened in |
2006 for Montenegro (official vote/Montenegro is very close historically w/ Serbia but the discrimination forced them to separate), 2008 for Kosovo (Albania) |
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Bosnia-Herzegovina |
Bosnia is north/Herzegovina is south, but the real issue is that there are two nations, Republika Srpska (Serb) + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Croatian+Muslim) and each nation works as itself; there is no federal government (high representative is not from the country); Three constituents : serb, croatian, bosnian. Almost like a sliced-up protectorate forced by Dayton agreement. |
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Catalunya problem |
Most prosperous region in Spain, but almost no autonomy. But it turned out that not many are wanting for the independence. They are running for a greater autonomy Language identity, but Valencia doesn't want independence... nothing to do w/ their nationalism. |
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Switzerland? |
consisted of 26 Cantons, Swiss as federal nation: has almost full authority. Languages: German, French, Italian, Rumantsch |
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Micronations. Luxembourg/Lichtenstein/Monaco/San Marino/Andorra/Vatican City/Malta In general longer life expectancy exists b/c not merged w/ larger states as done for most other mini kingdoms |
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Summarize Geopolitical Evolution of Europe up to Germany |
West Europe: settled in 1500.
1500: Holy Roman Empire, but really just a bunch of small countries. not contiguous 1700: England w/ Scot, Netherlands (one person king) Spain: reaching other places France: many small states Commonwealth of Poland & Lithuania: once powerful in 1500, not now. Poland keep receding 1789: Poland split up by Prussia, Russia, Austria 1812: Napoleon French including most of Western (w/o Portugal) + central Europe (Austria, Prussia...), remade geography of Europe 1815: Defeat of France at Waterloo. Germany harshly punished, eaten by Prussia + Austria. Austria includes multilingual pockets Prussia + alpha create the German confederation. Defeats Austria + France and creates German Reich. Takes Alsace-Lorraine + money from France. origin of territorial dispute (as it belonged back and forth) |
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Location of Alsace-Lorraine |
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territory that went back and forth between Germany and France? |
Alsace-Lorraine. So originally German-speaking but now French. |
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Italian Unification |
Led by Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont). Once not powerful enough to unite Italy. Austria invaded Italy/Piedmont, but France supported Sardinia to fight against. Based upon the support of France Sardinia was able to unite the Kingdom of Italy. For its cost they gave Savoy and Nice to France. |
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Why empires declined? Term? |
Balkanization. Once there were many empires (Ottoman, Russian, Austrian) with large territory and many language groups. But after the decline the empire split into many small countries (how many? how small?) |
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Where are the Ottoman and Austrian Empires? |
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major differences btw today & 1900 Europe
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Ireland, Kingdom of Norway-Sweden, Big Germany, Austria-Hungary Empire |
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Split of Austria-Hungary Empire |
Obviously Austria & Hungary, Yugo region (stick to form Yugo, but didn't work well due to religion problems), Some Poland, Some Romania, Czecho-Slovakia |
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Entities of Balkan War against Ottoman Empire |
Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria |
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Position of Bosnia in Balkan War |
Bosnia originally in Austria, but after Serbia being victorious in the 2nd Balkan War, the Serbs in Bosnia wanted to join Serbia (nationalism) which resulted in the assassination of archduke of Austria, and eventually the World War I. |
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Hungary issue |
very right wing. Jobbik (minority) claims to reclaim the territory of Kingdom of Hungary.... After WWI by Treaty of Trianon, about 1/3 Hungarians were left out and get mistreated in other regions. |
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Territory of USSR thru WWs |
Poland & USSR got shifted towards left. Germany loses many of its region. USSR gets some of germany exclave + some poland + some romania. This resulted in Kaliningrad. |
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Iron curtain |
E. Germany, Poland, Czechosolvakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria. Even tho Yugoslavia & Albania were communists, they were strong enough to stand against USSR, thus not in the Iron curtain. |
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Year of dissolution of USSR |
1991 |
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Czechoslovakia's lost of territory? its name? |
Ruthenia; south Carpathian Mountains. went to Hungary->USSR (reason: ethnicity map). Jewish plurality. Easy entry to central Europe: important. |
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3 Baltic States |
Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia |
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Important non-EU states |
Switzerland, Norway |
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Recognized candidates of EU |
Iceland, Albania, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Turkey, (Kosovo, Bosnia "troublesome candidates) |
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Enlargement of EU |
Original: France+Germany "Coal and Steel Community" to make war unthinkable, materially impossible. Netherlands + Italy + Belgium + France + Germany ->UK-> Iberia -> North -> East + Baltic -> Romania + Bulgaria -> Croatia.
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To join EU? |
Claim to be in Europe + adhere to democracy, etc. to make Eastern Bloc countries not to corrupt. |
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EU Budget contribution by countries/usage
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West pays more, East gets more. largest usage is Common Agricultural Policy which doesn't really apply to UK, Germany (helps Eastern). So UK is very Euro-skeptic |
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Difference between Eurozone & EU
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Eurozone < EU. UK not there since it is a financial capital of the worlds so it needs its own currency. Eastern countries "couldn't get into" Eurozone. Denmark using its own but exchange rate fixed (ERM II). Kosovo & Montenegro unilaterally uses Euro (not permitted tho) |
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Free travel area name? |
Schengen Area |
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What countries are/aren't in Schengen Area? |
Not: Ireland, UK (stand off with themselves, Common Travel Area) Non-EU, Schengen: Norway, Iceland, Switzerland de facto Schengen: microstates (Andorra, San Marino, Vatican) Schengen candidate: Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria, Cyprus. |
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Reason of Euroscepticism |
Lack of trust, too bureaucratic, not democratic (discriminant), no ideology. For now other than Iceland recent applicants/members of EU think they shouldn't join EU. |
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2014 Eurosceptic Earthquake?? |
Dominance of Far-right parties in 2014 European elections. e.g. UKIP in UK: UK Independence Party, the first non-Labour or non-Conservative party over a century becoming the first party. David Cameron, Prime Minister, are running for a referendum of UK separation from EU |
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Support for Euro, problems |
Italy join -> inflation. Greece remaining in Euro impacting others. If go to Drachma one can flexibly adjust the currency, but results in economic isolation. |
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NATO & its enlargement |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, military alliance. Originally in opposition to Warsaw Pact countries (USSR + bros). But after the dissolution of USSR, all satellite countries went to NATO. Basically during the cold war, Norway/W. Germany/Italy/Greece/Turkey made a border (Swiss, Austria, Yugoslavia, Sweden, Finland, Ireland neutral). |
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Recent NATO problems |
After the dissolution of USSR, NATO took a lot of poor Eastern Europe countries in their organization. As a result, they are burdening NATO as they are not helping and yet needing help. Also NATO countries are bound to use at least 2% of their GDP on defense whereas only France, UK, Greece, US are satisfying this. US does all the job actually. Economic crisis-> declining defense budgets. Also not many issues recently in Europe, so concentrating on Afghan. But after Russian invasion to Ukraine, NATO countries are finally focusing on the defense -> Russia uncomfortable. Also Sweden and Finland afraid of Russia, toys with membership. Russia warns them not to join NATO. 2016->US 6th fleet in Estonia. |
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Population density/Population tendencies in Europe |
Density: SE Asia > Europe > SA > NA. Even though Nordic Europe + Mountain area is less populated, England, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium etc. are very dense. Big countries: Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain, Poland (Giants). Small & Dense: Netherlands, Belgium.
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Fertility Rate in Europe |
2.1~2.2 needed for population stability, but not a single country in Europe has population stability. high scorers: France Iceland UK 2.0. Germany Italy 1.4 Spain 1.3. Nordic Europe high, Eastern europe + elsewhere low. Most European countries fertility rate ~ 3 around 1960. For Northern Europe it still stabilizes in 2. For other (western, southern) parts, around 1970~1980 they get urbanized & wealthier and there is a big drop on total fertility rate, and then around 1980~1990 it starts to pick up. |
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Why is France fertile? |
Many encouragements by government. More children, less tax, allowance, D/C on metro+train, support on education. |
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Germany fertility |
A lot of elderly people, real concerns about how to pay pensions, needs immigrants. |
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Northern Europe fertile? |
wealthy but very generous |
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SE Europe fertility? |
low. family oriented, discourage birth b/c cultural expectation on childcare & economic burden on parents. |
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World's largest immigrant-taking countries |
US verrry huge, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Singapore
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Foreign-born populations in Europe |
over 15%: Swiss, Austria, Estonia & Latvia (Russians) still many: Sweden, France, Germany (pro-immigrant) less: Southern Europe (not Italy from now on, as they're taking immigrants from Southern Area) tiny: Albania, Romania, Poland, BosHerz |
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UK foreign residents |
Many from S. Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc. by British Colony) Also many from Ethiopia. Many from other big Europe countries (France, Germany, Italy, Poland) to find for a better job. |
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Germany foreign residents |
Not much colonial background. Turkey: After WWII Germany asked for guest workers from Turkey and they stayed there. Southern Europe (Italy, Spain) Russia (in 1700s Catherine the Great, of German descent, opened immigrants from Germany w/ many advantages (e.g. religion, no military service). After Iron Curtain fell, they went back to Germany) |
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France foreign residents |
Colonial connections (Vietnam, Cambodia, Senegal, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) |
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Spain foreign residents |
Many from Latin America (Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia) Back when Spain was wealthy, many from Romania, Bulgaria, China. Many UK migrants -> retired people want Spanish beach life. Recent decline, tho. (Why?) |
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Italy foreign residents |
Many from North Africa, China, Philippines, Romania, Albania. Every immigrant wants to go to the more prosperous Northern Italy. Many from North Africa use Mediterranean sea to illegally migrate.
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Several types of migrants |
Asylum seeker: seeking for asylum, not yet approved Refugee: approved asylum seeker. (Problem: UN considers war/persecution asylum seekers/migrants refugees even before acceptance & first come no leaving) Economic migrant: for economic gain. Migrant: umbrella term. Problem: Mixed migration btw refugee and econ. migrants |
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Migration statistics, in general (short) |
Non-EU migrants > Asylum seekers > Illegal border-crossings. But there is a steep increase in the latter two these days |
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Trend of illegal border-crossings in 2015 |
Trans-mediterranean: Libya -> Malta + Italy. overpacked boats. 100 thousand Eastern Mediterranean: Turkey -> Greece -> Hungary. 100 thousand. So many that Hungary right wing is building a border fence. (Reason for Hungary: entry for the contiguous Schengen Area. Though Greece is also Schengen, it does not stop them so not many asylum registrations) Other than that, west med. route from algeria to spain. circula route from albania to greece (~thousands) |
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High Asylum App countries |
Germany >> France, Sweden, Turkey, Italy, Hungary (recent increase) |
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Top origin of illegal migration |
Syria (Half of country, to Turkey, Lebanon, .. government assistance in Germany) >> Eritrea (North Korea of Africa..... Dictatorial militarized police state, but not enough control over citizens. young men are escaping) >> Afghan, Mali, Gambia |
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Migrant Crisis 2015 |
from Syria, Kosovo, Afghan, Albania, Iraq. So Eastern Med. Route very popular, To Germany, Hungary! Med. crossing very deadly (very serious). Relocation of refugees.. opposition in Eastern Europe Germany likes immigrants, UK, France, Spain split, Poland, Greece, Italy don't like them. Many are still concerned. Aylan Kurdi (dead 3 yr old immigrant) differs view towards immigrants in GB midclass: more refugee. working class:less refugee. If you have yangshim, you should accept it!! for E. Europe Makes Europe in Lockdown (Hungary, Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Czech, Netherlands)-> really open border? |
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Indo-European Languages |
Germanic, Celtic, Italic (includes Romance), Hellenic, Baltic, Slavic, Indo-Iranian. Covering most of europe
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language/dialect difference |
linguists say dialect should be close enough to understand each other. but there are non-inter-intelligible dialects like Arabic and Chinese. So language is just a dominant standardized dialect (like the ones used in army). |
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Reason of decline of dialects |
education, modernization, war, genocide |
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Germans in Czech, Austria |
Germans in Czech (Sudeten Germans), dominant in cities but after WWII expelled and migrated, so no German in Czech now and mostly they're in Austria and Germany now |
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Deficit of language maps |
dialect, movement, bilingualism (English in Netherlands), not clear cut |
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Non Indo-European languages in Europe |
Altaic, Uralic (Magyar in it), Basque |
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Basque in ethnicity/language perspective |
Ethnic identity not Linguistic usage. Originally dominant around W. Europe (first farmers) but by Franco now they are only some Basque people. Famous sheperds, whalers, colonialists (Che Guevara), first to industrialize in Spain (support from England). |
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Uralic languages, remarks |
Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian (not related to I-E) Finland = Finnish + Swedish Many Finnish languages around Finland (Estonian has relationship w/ Finnish, linguistic kinship). Uralic was everywhere near Ural Mt. but disappeared after Russian invaded. Ugric: around Ural AND Hungary-> gives a hypothesis that Ugric tribe, originally lived in some steppe w/ pastorial nomadism, had gone long way, and arrived a similar environment, Danubian basin (only big dry grass land in Europe) around Carpathian Mountains. They were defeated but the language stayed. Evidence: Mansi people in Urals. |
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Hungarians in Romania |
Transylvania: Originally the region of Austria-Hungary (left half of Romania). In central Romania there is a region of pure Hungarians. They think they are persecuted and they only vote for a certain party UDMR (democratic union of hungarians in romania) |
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Sami |
Lapps. Norway/Sweden.. indigenous group of Europe. Pastorialists, originally all across Siberia, but now only 25000; demands language+territory rights. Santa Claus' reindeer came from Sami by English merchants. Flying reindeer came from Shamanist Sami's hallucinatory, psychoactive material (e.g. poisoning mushroom fly agaric)
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Altaic languages |
Turkic + Mongolian (suspected tho.) |
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Turks in Bulgaria |
Originally from Ottoman Empire. They have been leaving but still very many are there. In 1900 1/3 were Turks in Bulgaria. Northern Turkey on the other hand became Greek speeking. Early 1900s Greeks, Turks expelled and lang map became political map. There is a movement in Bulgaria for Turkish educations and stuff. |
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Semitic Language (Afro-Asiatic) |
Maltese (Malti) coofficial in Malta w/ English. Descended from Siculo-Arabic. Half of vocab from Italian & Sicilian, and English words make 20% of Maltese. Only Semitic language written in Latin alphabet |
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Origin of Indo-European language |
Very dominant language group around the world. Several theories on the homeland of I-E language, but the dominant one is around Pontic Steppe (NE of Black Sea) Kurgan culture. First domesticated horse, and then went almost everywhere. started around Bronze Age. |
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Celtic language |
Irish, Welsh, Breton, Scottish Gaelic. Most endangered. Irish (Gaelic) -> people learn, but not actively speak. they speak English. In Ireland, it is still 2nd language in public school, but only 10~25% speaks Irish. Scottish Gaelic -> Not all Scotland, but closely existed Welsh -> Northern Wales (radio stations). Only 3% wants independence. Breton -> Breton. Critically endangered, old people dying. French assimilationist kills Breton. Manx -> Isle of Man. Extinct 1974. Cornish. Extinct 1700s. Circa 200BC there were many Celtic people around Europe. |
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Romance language |
French, Italian, Sardinian, Spanish, Galician, Portuguese, Catalan, Romanian, Moldovan. Globally all Latin America, Africa, U.S., Canada. Trace back to Latin. Originally only spoken in Rome, after the rise of Roman Empire, it invaded all the S. and W. Europe (compared to Greek-dominant E. Europe). |
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Vulgar Latin |
Latin spoken by soldiers, they didn't know proper Latin, so after collapse of Roman Empire, there was no standardization, making a difference between dialects. By La Spezia-Rimini line, things were differentiated. West: French, Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, East: Romanian. |
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Line btw two variations of Romance Langauges |
La Spezia-Rimini Line |
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National Italian language
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After Italian unification the Kingdom chose the Florentine variety of Tuscan dialect (b/c it was cultural center). Dante aided the spread.
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1900 Romance dialects |
France: south/north difference, not intelligible w/ each other (esp. Southern France) Italy: much stronger dialect difference, still persist (in South, East) Spain: Catalan, Galician -> still around. Others dead |
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Aromanian/Vlach |
Mostly in Greece. Disappearing. Latin to Balkan coastal city and then helenization by Greek made them to be in Greece. |
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Germanic languages |
English, German, Dutch (Flemish), Frisan, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic Starting from North Europe, went to Germany, and German expansion and conquest of Roma spread it widely. Dialect difference btw north/south at first. Diminishing but still exists. They are "dialects" so that inter-intelligible. |
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Languages in Norway |
Norwegian, Swedish, Danish. Norwegian in the middle of Swedish and Danish -> almost inter-intelligible! Two Norwegian dialects in the co-official language (Bokmal, book-language, Nynorsk, new-Norwegian). Bokmal around Oslo, Nynorsk in other places |
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German |
Standard German started as a written language (Martin Luther's Bible helped). Northern Germany Low-Saxon-speaking people learned Standard German like a foreign language. But Northern pronunciation spread southward and became standard, and local dialect gradually died out. In Switzerland there are many dialects far from Standard German b/c there are lots of German-speaking people expelled from various countries in Swiss.
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English |
region dialect as well as class dialect. Scots -> English dialect that's almost something else. Used to be norm in Scotland, but now 30% only able to speak. |
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Yiddish |
Written in Hebrew, spoken among Jews, but after Holocaust many died/migrated. So not very much now. Mostly in Israel, Moldova, Russia, USA. |
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Slavic languages |
Russian, Slovenian (Austria), Croatian, Ukranian (East Slavic) --------------------------------------------- Polish, Czech, Slovak, Sorbian (East Germany, moribund) (West Slavic) -------------------------------------------- Bulgarian-Macedonian, Serbian (dialect? language?) (South Slavic) Not matching w/ country, politics. Kosovo now speaking Albanian (originally Serbian, but they migrated out during Kosovo war) Slav expanded in 1st C AD after Germans left. Even to Greece in 8c. |
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Language of Yugoslavia |
Started as Serbo-Croatian, but after all sorts of wars and stuff it became Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin. Not like that different, but Croatian uses Roman alphabet whereas Serbian uses Cyrillic alphabet, and religion problem (Bosnian - Muslim). Not that simple! |
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Baltic languages |
Not Slavic! Latvian, Lithuanian (closest to old Indo-European). Lithuania resisted the northern crusade for a long time and they became Christian by themselves. And then Lithuania expanded. |
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Albanic language |
in Kosovo and Albania |
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Greek language |
in Greece and Cyprus |
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Romany language |
Romani people ("Gypsy"). Started from northern India -> Turkey, Iraq -> W. Europe Mainly in Romania, Bulgaria. and 5% in Spain |
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East/Western Christianity? |
By "Filioque". Jesus = God -> Western, no ->Eastern |
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Religion map worldwide |
Western Christianity: Canada, US, W Europe Orthodox Christianity: E. Europe Islamic: Middle East, N. Africa, S. Asia Hindu: India Buddhist: S. Asia (not island), Mongolia, Tibet |
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Nowadays people about religion |
Many believe in God (esp. SE & S. Europe & Poland), but not many believe in religion in real life (ironically n. Europe believes in this more) Lack of importance of religion -> high in N & W & E. Europe, low in S & SE Europe Never attend religious service -> USA 16%, Ireland 8% whereas France Britain >50%. |
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State-official religions |
Denmark, England, Norway: Protestantism Greece: Orthodox Church N. Africa & Middle East: Islam Argentina & most micro nations in Europe: Roman Catholic. |
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Freedom of religion |
N. Africa: highly favor of one religion, tolerating others Middle East: favor of one religion & limit others Turkey, China: discriminates w/ all religions |
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Spread of Protestant |
Calvinism. Starting from Geneva, went to Scotland/Netherlands/France to England. And then there was 30 years war. Based on Germany. Many people died, actual country borders changed. it ended by the support of France on Calvinism (before that there was also Lutheran "new Christianity" but the real difference of Calvinism is based on people, not centralized. so Germany divided into catholic/protestant. Southwest -> catholic, Northeast -> protestant.
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Bavaria |
Bayern. Mostly Catholic, SE part, almost like a different country (Kingdom of Bavaria). Major party of Germany called Christian Democratic Union is in Bavaria Christian Social Union of Bavaria and they work in pairs. |
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French, German, Italian, Rumantsch |
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Blue -> Protestant Red -> Catholic |
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Netherlands trend in religion |
North -> South (including Flanders) Protestant -> Catholic |
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Northern Ireland in religion |
East-> Protestants, pro-British West-> Catholic, nationalist Even in Belfast (biggest city in N. Ireland) W. is Catholic whereas E. is Protestant. There is a violent army (IRA) by Catholic nationalists. |
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Islam in Europe, population by country/city |
Kosovo >80% Albania 60-80 BosHerz 40-60 Macedonia 20-40 Bulgaria, Montenegro, Cyprus 10-20 Netherlands, France 5-10 .... 1-2 Italy, Norway, Greece 2-3 Denmark, Spain, Slovenia, UK Marseilles - 25% Malmo (Sweden) - 25% Amsterdam 24% Stockholm 20% Brussels 17-20 London 17 Birmingham 14.3 Hague (Netherlands) 14.2 Utrecht (Netherlands) 13.2 Rotterdam (Netherlands) 13 Copenhagen 12.6 Paris 7.38 Antwerp (Belgium) 6.7 Hamburg 6.4 Berlin 5.9 |
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Jewish population now and then |
now: Most in Israel/US (~millions), after that France (.5 million), UK, Russia, Germany, Hungary, Belgium. (Mostly France/UK in Europe) then: Mostly in Eastern Europe (~millions), many in Central Europe (Germany, etc.). Many Jews are leaving and still continuing. Even in France. |
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Hinduism & Buddhism in Europe |
Hindu: None in Balkan & Central Europe. Mostly in Western Europe (~million, 0.1%) E. Europe half. Buddhism: ~million, 0.2% Neopagan: revival of pre-major religions. Mostly in UK. In 2001 many people recorded their religion as "Jedi", making the fourth largest in UK (after Christianity, Islam, Hinduism). lol. Other than that many are Druidism... |
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GNI/PPP |
Purchasing Power Parity What you can buy with the same amount of money. Wealth distribution, illegal barter not rated. High in N. Europe (Norway natural gas & oil) & Germany, and then UK, France, Spain, Italy, and then E. Europe, and then SE Europe (poorest) Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain: Bailout, very high unemployment rate. and also SE Europe generally very high unemployment. |
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Development Indicators |
W, S. Europe->doing fine compared to rest of the world. Italy: growth rate 0.4%, very low Life expectancy proportional to GNI, overall Europe high. Also proportional is under 5 mortality. GDP (PPP) per capita also generally high. GDP: things inside country, GNI: ownership |
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European economic growth recently |
2008->World economic drop. Other than US and Germany everything is stalled. Also Baltic states are growing rapidly. In general nowadays France/Italy and its south is not growing fast (<1.0) whereas above it grows faster (1.0-3.0). |
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Unemployment rate |
very high in S. Europe & SE. Europe, low in Germany & Austria & N. Europe. |
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Public debt |
High: S. Europe, Belgium, Ireland Mid-High: UK, France, Austria, Hungary Mid: Germany, Netherlands Mid-Low: N. Europe, Poland, Czech, Slovakia Low: Baltics, Romania, Bulgaria |
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HDI Index |
Longevity, Economy etc. N. Europe & Germany: High. W. & S. Europe & Czech: High. East : mid~ Balkans low. In worlds it's high |
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GDP now |
East bloc generally low. Even in low countries capital region is high. Belgium-> Flemish high, Walloon low. UK-> London (now industry), Manchester/Liverpool (old industry) high Ireland->Belfast (ship building centers) Scotland->oil money Germany->West richer Italy->North richer Spain->Catalunya, Basque France->Paris |
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GDP Difference (2008-2013) |
Basque rich but suffering Greece, Italy bad Finland suffering (Nokia) E. Europe doing better. esp. Poland. |
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Internet use in Europe |
Estonia >> S. Europe S. Italy just literally doesn't use Internet.. |
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Italian economic difference |
S. Italy: 37% of population, 40% of land, 24% of GDP. But there is a large black economy (~30% of GDP) |
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Germany economic difference |
Bavaria really rich, so very conservative (Right) E. Germany suffers. E. Germany has not many immigrants -> xenophobia. Especially Saxony. high cultural center. |
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Spain economic difference |
GDP: Basque <-> Extramadura twice different Basque > Madrid > Catalonia > ....... |
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UK economic difference |
London, Oxford, Manchester, Liverpool high |
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Hours worked |
UK highest, France lowest Anglo-Saxons have longer periods of work, France extremely focused per unit time. Problem w/ globalization, but they are just enjoying life Other are... germany & n. europe low, others moderately high |
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Education attainment |
Romania, Turkey low, from E to W/N high. Estonia high Italy low |
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Social expenditure % over GDP, Welfare %, GCI, Economic freedom, Murder rate, incarceration rate, peace index, corruption index, power of woman, gender equity, GINI |
N. & W. Europe -> High wrt former Soviet states Welfare %: Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany, ... GCI (use of resources): Swiss #1 Economic Freedom: Mostly free in Germany, UK, N. Europe, other: moderately free (E. Europe moderately not free) Murder Rate: low esp. in Germany, Norway. generally low. Russia & Soviet states (incl. Baltic) high Incarceration Rate: low, but high in US&Russia & East bloc Peace index: high in Iberia, Germany, N. Europe. Mostly high. Very low in Russia. Corruption Preception index: Lowest: Nordic, netherlands, swiss (comparatively very low wrt world) Power of woman: Sweden reallly high. N. Europe doing well. Mostly good. Gender Equity: France, Italy mid. Others high. GINI: E. Europe + N. Europe rel. high Alcohol: much consumed. liters per capita |
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Ukraine conflict? |
Crimea. Sevastopol: the location of Russian navy base in there (Black Sea Fleet). Also Donetsk + Donbass->DPR (Donetsk), LPR (Luhansk) formed a federation (Novorossiya, New Russia) and in under Donbass war, recent peace deal: give rebels some region w/ buffer zones. mine clearance, ceasefire. OSCE intervention: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Arm control. etc. Europe + NA
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1: Transnistria 2: Crimea 3: Donetsk + Luhansk 4: South Osetia 5: Abkhazia |
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Moldovan conflict?
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Transnistria. pro-Russian independent (1990, 1992 war) state in Moldova (not recognized by others). After Crimean crisis, it also threats Ukraine. It has no ocean/river on it, so to be included in Russia, Russia might try to invade its adjacent Odessa Oblast of Ukraine..... Hub of smuggling and trafficking. |
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Conflict btw Azerbaijan/Armenia |
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Originally mainly consisted of Armenians, but Stalin did a stupid mistake (to weaken Armenian nationalism). They are keep exchanging fires since 1991 (makjang). Armenia ideuk. Syrian Armenians to Nagorno-Karabakh by Armenia. |
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South Ossetia War |
First South Ossetia war was held by the independence of South Ossetia. It was ceased by Russia. But after the referendum held in South Ossetia, Georgia invaded South Ossetia believing in the backup of US. But Russia just crashed Georgia. It resulted in Abkhazia (Russia invaded here too) and South Ossetia to fall out from Georgia. But only recognized by a few. In the same vein of other indep. movements (e.g. Scots). Base strengthened by Russia but heavy economic burden on Russia. |
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South Ossetia and Abkhazia recognized by.. |
Naru (diplomatic resource), Venezuela, Nicaragua, Russia |
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Unrecognized states, pro-Russian, formed... |
Commonwealth of Unrecognized States Community for Democracy and Human Rights (Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh) calling for peace/recognition |
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Former USSR states made.. |
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): loose association, very loose but trade+finance+lawmaking cooperation, led by Putin. Georgia dropped out. Bickering happens tho Eurasian Economic Union: Something like EU.. after the failure of CIS. economic ties, "observer status" in UN Collective Secturity Treaty Organization (CSTO): like Warsaw Pact. military. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan dropped out. Wanted to work, but not in Syria yet. ISIS? Air Force. Union State: Russia & Belarus, polito-economic. very close! Belarus dictator tho. Shanghai Coorperation Organization: military & economy. China, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekh + India & Pakistan. Against NATO? |
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General stuff about Russian Federal Republics |
USSR gave nations internal republics. Very powerful, yet lessened by Putin. Secessionist movement exists in republics, but not strong, as Russia is doing well. |
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Jewish autonomous oblast |
Far East, Khabarovsk. Stalin made this to allow Jews to pursue Yiddish heritage under socialist frame work. But declined substantially for now. (only <10%) |
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Northern Caucasus |
Chechnya (very poor). They came here by Stalin, after USSR dissolution they gain independence. 1st Chechen War-> Chechen victory. 2nd Chechen war-> Russian victory. Establishing Pro-russian Muslim government, very strong. Putin's model of success. Leader very close to Putin. As an Islamic state there is a violent organization "Caucasus Emirate". Muslim militants. Wants Russia to go away, and they teamed up with ISIL. |
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Tatarstan |
16. very wealthy. Half Tatars (Turkic language, Muslim) Half Russian (Orthodox Church). Leading investment destination, Honor Kazan, defended the region against Ivan the Awe-Inspiring. Bit of Oil, Bit of Education, Ethnically mixed->dream of Soviet nationality. Some independence wanted, but not serious. |
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Sakha |
14. Sakha (Yakutia). Yakut ~50%. Another Turkic group, but not Muslim. Indigenous religion or Christian. Sparse population, lot of resource->prosperous. |
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Soviet Union client states |
Mongolia, Afghan |
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Beginning of Russia to Kiev Russia |
Sweden Vikings/pirates made a state "Rus" and it spread out through river systems.
800CE: Varangian trade route. There were many pirates in Med. Sea, so the trade route using river systems of Russia from Black sea to Baltic sea was very successful. Trade w/ Byzantine Empire + Abbasid Caliphate. fur, forest products, slaves, honey, wax. Kievan Rus: Novgorod & Kiev. South: big steppe, and they converted to Orthodox Christian. Volgar Bulgars: ancestor of tatars, converted to Islam |
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Russian History: Mongolian invasion and after |
Mongol came to Russia and conquered most states and made an empire called "Golden Horde" or "Kipchak Khanate". It also got tributes from Russian Principalities where nomadism couldn't be supported. Novgorod and Moscow was not conquered by Mongol, and Moscow was the principality who was in charge of collecting taxes. So it got bigger. Also Russian Orthodox came to Moscow. Ukraine: in-between Golden Horde, Poland-Lithuania, Moscow, Ottoman, etc. Novgorod: not conquered, and still prosperous as it was Merchant Republic like Venice. So family ruled and democracy-like. 1400s, when Golden Horde weakened, Moscow ended the tribute to Golden Horde and declared itself as the Third Rome as Constantinople fell to Ottoman Empire (only legit Orthodox successor). It gave right to conquer and Tsardom. Under the rule of Ivan the Terrible, Moscow (Grand Duchy of Vladimir, Mescovy) conquered Novgorod and a lot of land. Unification (not destroying Islams). Kazan Khanate (Slav against Tatars!!), Astrakhan Khanate, Khanate of Sibir (Right to Ural Mountains), Wanted for FURS!! Colder->Luxurious animal fur. So got fur tributes. East to East China/Central Asia Alaska to Fort Ross. West to Poland. |
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Cossacks |
Expelled from Poland, very strong horse military people. Helped Yermak's Conquest of Siberia. Cossack lived in Hetmanate which is around the same as Ukraine. |
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Russo-Japanese War |
First non-European victory. Russia lost half of Sakhalin and Japan dominates Korea and Manchuria. Russian Empire just had to stop at Vladivostok. |
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Russia from WWI |
German pushed towards Eastern front & further: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended the participation of Russia in WWI but ended up losing Ukraine, Belarus, Baltic states, Finland. It was because Russian army was weary and Lenin made a Bolshevik revolution so the nation was not so stable. Lenin gave authority to minorities and helped spreading socialism. Lenin originally thought that the spread of idea of socialism would demolish other countries (e.g. Germany) so that Russia then can nullify the treaty, but it happened too late & too ineffective. After all Soviet Union regained most of lost lands in WWII (Baltic, east Prussia, Ukraine, Moldova, not Finland though). |
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Russia, population-wise |
A lot of people (1 uk 5 cheon) 9th in the world, but very sparse, unequal distribution of population (e.g. Siberia has 77% of land, 27% of population). Most west Ural, even there south half is where people live (agriculture). And very few concentration in Siberia (Vladivostok, Yakutsk (Yakutia capital), Norilsk (nickel mine)). Population peaked at the end of USSR (many deaths + independent countries blow on Russian economy, low oil price), leveled off and picking up again (migrants included, post-war baby boom, regaining oil price, Putin rules). Same for Ukraine. However for Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, it will decrease. |
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Russia life expectation |
1960-> US 70, Russia 65, and after that US keeps increasing. Russia flats, decrease -> going up . getting better. Caucasus countries (Armenia, Georgia): better life rate Moldova low (b/c crisis) Russia is noted for biggest male/female expectancy difference. (~ poor countries of Asia) b/c of Vodka (just drink like water)...lol govt controlling drink & smoking to improve. |
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Russian fertility rate |
General: drop, slightly better nowadays. decreasing mortality. will they maintain fertility increase after economic crisis? |
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Migration in Russia |
Net migration very high in early 1990s as ethnic Russians in surrounding Republics were coming back. drastically decreasing... esp. last year. Many illegal immigrants, ethnic people from surrounding countries (Armenian, Azerbaijani, Tajik, Ukrainian, Chinese...) not welcomed Brain Drain (professors, Jews), but a myth. Beauty Drain: Russian brides, human trafficking, to Pattaya. |
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Climate in Russia |
Vast area avg. annual -15 deg Celsius. But in July "warm". So Winter time is very cold. Yakutsk: average winter -35.1 deg Celsius. |
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Large urban areas of Russia
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Moscow >> Saint Petersburg >> others others = Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Volgograd, Perm. |
