Gross Anatomy

Front 1

THE SKELETON OF THE UPPER LIMB
IS DIVIDED INTO?

Back 1

Gridle and the Free Limb

Front 2

GRIDLE OF THE UPPER LIMB
(PECTORAL GIRDLE)

Back 2

Composed of the clavicle and scapula

Front 3

THE FREE LIMB IS COMPOSED OF?

Back 3

The arm or brachium, the forearm or antebrachium, and the hand or manus

Front 4

THE HAND OR MANUS IS COMPOSED
OF?

Back 4

Carpus, Metacarpus, and Phalanges

Front 5

SCAPULA?

Back 5

Scapula with the spine, acromion, glenoid cavity, and coracoid process, inferior, superior and lateral angles is attached to the body wall by a heavy musculature

Front 6

CLAVICLE?

Back 6

Is one of mans greatest skeletal inheritances; the clavicle holds the shoulder away from the body & therefore permits us to use our arms.

Front 7

CLAVICLE IS ATTATCHED TO?

Back 7

The sternum and scapula by synovial joint: STERNOCLAVICULAR & ACROMIOCLAVICULAR

Front 8

LIGAMENTS OF THE CLAVICLE R?

Back 8

CORACOCLAVICULAR & ACROMIOCLAVICULAR

Front 9

CORACOCLAVICULAR?

Back 9

Is composed of two parts, which are named according to their shape; the posteromedial CONOID and anterolateral TRAPEZOID.
they restrain the movements of the scapula and these are the main structures suspending the scapula and the upper limbs from the clavicle.

Front 10

CORACOACROMIAL & SUPERIOR TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR

Back 10

Ligaments of the scapula are coracoacromial and superior transverse scapular. Coracoacromial ligament contributes to the formation of a strong coracoacromial arch

Front 11

SHOULDER JOINT

Back 11

Is formed by the head of the humerous and glenoid fossa. The shallowness of the glenoid cavity is deepened by the FIBROCARTILAGINOUS GLENOID LABRUM

Front 12

ARTICULAR CAPSULE IS STRENGTHED BY LIGAMENTS:

Back 12

Coracohumeral and Glenohumeral

Front 13

THE INFERIOR PART OF THE CAPSULE?

Back 13

Is the weakest, being relatively unsupported by muscles

Front 14

THE GREAT RANGE OF MOVEMENTS OF THE UPPER LIMB IS DUE TO?

Back 14

The combination of the movements at the shoulder joint with movements of the shoulder gridle.

Front 15

FROM THE POSITION OF REST THE SCAPULA IS FREELY MOVABLE ON THE CHEST WALL IN 3 DIRECTIONS?

Back 15

1.ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION- exemplifed by the shrugging of shoulders
2.FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE SCAPULA or PROTRACTION;BACKWARD MOVMENT or RETRACTION
3.FORWARD ROTATION OF THE SCAPULA or LATERAL ROTATION or UPWARD ROTATION.
the opposite movement is MEDIAL ROTATION

Front 16

MUSCLES, WHICH ACT ON THE SHOULDER R CLASSIFED INTO?

Back 16

Extrinsic and Intrinsic

Front 17

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES

Back 17

TRAPEZIUS-ORIGIN- Occipital bone (superior nuchal line, ETERNAL OCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCE), the ligamentum nuchae, the 7th cervical & all thoracic vertebral spinous process, & corresponding supraspinous ligment

Front 18

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES

Back 18

Trapezius-Insertion- on the spine of the scapula, the acromion, and the lateral 3rd clavicle

Front 19

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES

Back 19

Function of the Trapezis muscle:
Its upper fibers, inserting on the clavicle & acromion, can raise the point of the shoulder & are the only fibers that can do so directly

Front 20

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES

Back 20

Function of the Trapezis muscle:
Acting with the levator scapulae its upper fibers elevate the scapula & with it the point of the shoulder.
The upper fibers can also flex the neck toward the same side, by taking their fixed point from below

Front 21

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES

Back 21

Function of the Trapezis muscle:
Working with the lower fibers of the muscle, which pull downwards on the base of the scapular spine, the upper fibers of trapezius with the help of the serratus anterior rotate the scapula upward (so that the arm can be raised above the head)

Front 22

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES

Back 22

Function of the Trapezis muscle:
Contraction of the muscle as a whole or the middle fibers acting with the rhomboids retracts the scapula.
contraction of the lower fibers alone will depress the scapula

Front 23

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES

Back 23

Function of the Trapezis muscle:
When the shoulder is fixed, the trapezius may draw the head backwards and laterally, extending the head and turning it to the opposite side.
The trapezius plays a major role in carrying of heavy loads, preventing the arm from sagging and the scapula from leaving the thoracic wall

Front 24

TRAPEZIS MUSCLE -INNERVATION?

Back 24

Trapezis muscle:
INNERVATION- SPINAL ACCESSORY (CN XI) and the branches of the C 3,4

Front 25

TRAPEZIS MUSCLE BLOOD SUPPLY?

Back 25

Trapezis muscle:
BLOOD SUPPLY- SUPERFICIAL BRANCH OF TRANSVERSE PROCESS CERVICAL ARTERY -- from THYROCERVICAL TRUNK -- from SUBCLAVIN

Front 26

LEVATOR SCAPULAE- ORIGIN

Back 26

From transverse processes of the upper 4 cervical vertebrae;
Inserts- on the superior angle & upper part of the medial border of the scapula

Front 27

RHOMBOIDEI, MINOR & MAJOR

Back 27

Not necessarily clearly distinct from each other;
Origin- minor-lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous process C7, T1.
Major-spinous process of T2-5;
insertion-on the medial border of the scapula

Front 28

FUNCTION OF THE MUSCLES

Back 28

LEVATOR SCAPULAE acting with TRAPEZIUS (UPPER)elevates the scapula. If the shoulder is fixed the muscle inclines the neck to the same side.

Front 29

FUNCTION OF THE MUSCLES

Back 29

RHOMBOIDS acting with TRAPEZIUS (middle fibers or whole muscle retract the scapula

Front 30

FUNCTION OF THE MUSCLES

Back 30

Acting together (LEVATOR SCAPULAE, RHOMBOIDS & PECTORALIS MINOR) raise primarily the medial border of the scapula and thus produce downward rotation of the glenoid cavity as to depress the shoulder

Front 31

FUNCTION OF THE MUSCLES

Back 31

All 3 (LEVATOR SCAPULAE & RHOMBOIDS) in association with the other muscles inserted into the scapula help to control is position and movements during active use of the upper limb (fix the medial border of the scapula)

Front 32

INNERVATION

Back 32

Rhomboids-dorsal scapular C5
Levator scapulae-dorsal scapular & C3,4

Front 33

LATISSIMUS DORSI,ORIGIN?

Back 33

ORIGIN-spines of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia by which it is attached to all the lumbar and sacral spinous process, to the supraspinous ligamens, & to the posterior part of the crest of the ilium, the lower 4 ribs, & a few fibers from the inferior angle of the scapula

Front 34

LATISSIMUS DORSI, INSERTION?

Back 34

INSERTION- on its way to insertion it twists sharply around the teres major and is attached to the floor (and/or medial lip) of the intertubercular groove

Front 35

LATISSIMUS DORSI?

Back 35

It is an adductor, extensor and medial rotator of the humerus; it depresses the shoulder; acting from its insertion it is one of the chief climbing muscles; it is also a powerful factor in rowing and in down stroke in swimming. It take part in all violent expiratory movements, such as coughing or sneezing & aids in DEEP INSPIRATION

Front 36

LATISSIMUS DORSI, INNERVATION?

Back 36

Innervation-thoracodorsal n, from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus C6,7,8

Front 37

SERRATUS ANTERIOR-ORIGIN?

Back 37

Origin-arises on the anterolateral thoracic wall- from the upper 8 to 10 ribs

Front 38

SERRATUS ANTERIOR-INSERTION?

Back 38

Insertion- upon the costal surface of the entire medial border if the scapula

Front 39

SERRATUS ANTERIOR?

Back 39

Serratus anterior with pectoralis minor is active in PROTRACTION & DEPRESSION of the scapula, in all reaching and pushing movements & is often called "the boxer's muscle."
Assists the trapezius in upward rotation of the scapula, so we can raise the arm above the head.
Stabilizes the medial border of the scapula

Front 40

SERRATUS ANTERIOR,INNERVATTION?

Back 40

INNERVATION-long thoracic nerve C5,6,7.
When the long thoracic nerve is damaged, the vertebral border of the scapula protrudes dorsally; conndition known as "winging of the scapula." This become obvious when the arms are held horizontally forward, & even more so if the person pushes against resistance

Front 41

PECTORALIS MAJOR-ORIGIN?

Back 41

ORIGIN-APPROXIMATELY MEDIAL 2/3 of the clavicle, sternum,upper 6 costal cartilages & by a small slip from the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

Front 42

PECTORALIS MAJOR- INSERTION?

Back 42

Insertion- crest of the greater tubercle or lateral lip of the intertubercular(bicipital) groove

Front 43

PECTORALIS MAJOR HAS 2 HEADS?

Back 43

CLAVICULAR & STERNOCOSTAL and seperated from the deltoid by the cephalic vein.

Front 44

CLAVICULAR PART of the pectoralis major AIDS IN?

Back 44

Flexion of the shoulder joiont to the horizontal.

Front 45

STERNOCOSTAL PART of the pectoralis major AIDS IN?

Back 45

Powerful extensor of the fully flexed arm together with the latissimus dorsi and teres major. Lower fibers depress the arm and through it the shoulder. Pectralis major as a whole adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm and brings it forward and medially across the chest

Front 46

Pectoralis major INNERVATIION?

Back 46

Innervation- medial and lateral pectoral nerve

Front 47

PECTORALIS MINOR-ORIGIN, INSERTION?

Back 47

Origin-3,4,5th ribs;
Insertion- CORACOID PROCESS of the scapula.
Acting WITH SERRATUS ANTERIOR HELPS IN PROTRACTION AND DEPRESSION OF THE SCAPULA; ACTING WITH LEVATOR AND RHOMBOID IT MEDIALLY ROTATE THE SCAPULA

Front 48

PECTORALIS MINOR INNERVATION?

Back 48

INNERVATION- MEDIAL & LATERAL PECTORAL NERVES

Front 49

MUSCLES ACTING ON THE SCAPULA

ELEVATION & DEPRESSION?

Back 49

1.Elevation-levator scapulae and trapezius

2.Depression-serratus anteriorr and pectoralis minor

Front 50

MUSCLES ACTING ON THE SCAPULA

PROTRACTION & RETRACTION OF THE SCAPULA?

Back 50

1.Protraction-serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

2.Retraction-trapezius & rhomboids

Front 51

FORWARD OR UPWARD OR LATERAL ROTATION OF THE SCAPULA?

Back 51

when the inferior angle of the scapula is moved laterally and forward around the thoracic wall, so the GLENOID CAVITY faces almost directly upwards. The position, which is assumed when the arm is raised above the head. The trapezius and serratus anteruir are prime movers

Front 52

Medial or downward rotation of the scapula?

Back 52

Is affected by gravity & is brought about through the action of the rhomboids, levator scapulae & pectoralis minor.

ALL THESE MUSCLES ARE PRIME MOVERS.