Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How far does greek wine date back? |
7th Century BC |
|
|
Earliest reference to specific wines |
Pramnian and Ismarian |
|
|
Can viticulture be traced back to Greece? |
No vine can specifically be traced back. |
|
|
What was the main driver of wine culture in Greece? |
Mediterranean diet Dionysian cultic activity |
|
|
How much of Greek wine leaves the country? |
Only 5% 95% of their wine is consumed in country. |
|
|
What is the climate like in Greece? |
Diverse topography and mountainous landscape Predictably Mediterranean, with drought threat Lack of water is major problem in the south Irrigation is accepted for Greek wine |
|
|
What are the soils like in Greece |
Generally low in fertility and limestone Some volcanic, clay, loam, chalk |
|
|
What is unique about Greek landholding? |
Land tenure system denotes that much of the vineyard areas are in the hands of small landholders |
|
|
What does the small landholding mean? |
The modern cooperative is a savior of the small producer |
|
|
Talk about vine training in Greece. |
Bush vines, with trellising Santorini is where the vine is grown on the ground Messinia is where canes are trained around olive trees. Viruses are common (41B or 110R Rootstock) |
|
|
How many varieties have been identified in Greece? |
Over 300 |
|
|
Name major white grapes of Greece |
Assyrtiko Roditis Robola Savatiano Moschofilero Vilana, Debina Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains Muscat of Alexandria |
|
|
Name major red grapes of Greece |
Agiorghitiko Limnio Mandilaria Xinomavro |
|
|
When did quality start to improve in Greece? |
1980's with stainless steel, early pickings, cooler fermentations - we are now seeing oxidative winemaking and extended skin contact - we are also seeing traditional methods with reduced sulfur |
|
|
Northern Greece Regions |
Macedonia Thrace Naoussa Cotes de Meliton Drama & Kavala Zitsa |
|
|
Naoussa |
Xinomavro is principal grape High Altitude, cool climate Young wines grown in sand Aged wines from limestone or clay Goumenissa (Xinomavro)- high altitude Amyndeo- Coolest Greek appellation, phylloxera free soil |
|
|
Cotes de Meliton |
Malagousia is indigenous white grape |
|
|
Kavala and Drama
|
Bordeaux and Assyrtiko North east of Thessalonika |
|
|
Thrace |
Famous for wines of antiquity Mavroudi |
|
|
Zitsa |
Debina Grape |
|
|
Areas of Central Greece |
Rapsani Retsina |
|
|
Rapsani |
Hills of Mt. Olympus from Xinomavro Cask age, blends with Krassato and Stavroto Use of Limniona |
|
|
Retsina |
Main centers are Attica and Euboea Resinated wine from Savatiano Rhoditis 100g/L Pine resin added to young wine |
|
|
Peloponnese |
Southern part of the Greek peninsula with the greatest number of appellations Mantinia in Arcadia Nemea Patras Monemvasia-Malvasia |
|
|
Nemea |
Aghiorgitiko only (Red) Higher altitude, cooler climates (3000 ft) French barrique, with some semi-carbonic |
|
|
Patras |
North coast of Greece 4 different appellations Patras Muscat of Patras Rion of Patras Mavrodaphne of Patras |
|
|
Patras |
White wine from Roditis |
|
|
Muscat of Patras |
Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains |
|
|
Rion of Patras
|
Rion of Patras |
|
|
Mavrodaphne of Patras |
Supplemented by Korinthiaki Fortified style of wine |
|
|
Monemvassia-Malvasia |
newest appellation Oak aged sweet wine Assyrtiko, Monemvasia, Kydonitsa |
|
|
Islands of Greece (Wine production) |
Santorini Crete Cephalonia Samos |
|
|
Ionian islands |
Cephalonia - Grape: Robola - Mavrodaphne with some dessert wines |
|
|
Cyclades |
Paros Santorini Tinos Rhodes |
|
|
Paros |
Powerful red wine, with Monemvasia added |
|
|
Santorini |
- Been the champion of Greek wine using Assyrtiko - Winds force growers to grow grapes below ground in a basket (low yield) Arid climate - Volcanic soils immune to Phylloxera (400 Y/o Vines) |
|
|
Styles of wine from Santorini |
Dry and sweet (Assyrtiko) Dry, late harvest wines called Nychteri (NICK-Teri) Vinsanto |
|
|
Rhodes |
4 appellations Sweet muscat Dry white (Athiri) Mandilaria (Red/Rosé) |
|
|
Aegean Islands |
Lemnos Samos |
|
|
Lemnos |
Home to Limnio (red Wine)
Muscat of Lemnos (Muscat of Alexandria) |
|
|
Samos |
Muscat a Petit a grains on steep terraces Styles: Doux: Mistelle Doux Naturel: Stopping early fermentation Nectar: Unfortifed up to 14% |
|
|
Crete |
Important for Volume North of Island Liatiko- High alcohol Red, early Mandilaria- Robust reds Vilana Extinct wines resurrected. |
|
|
Cyprus |
70% of production is Mavro and Xynisteri Commandaria is important Phylloxera free soils, southern side of Troodos Long transport times, faulted and oxidative styles. |
|
|
Main regions of Turkey
|
Thrace - Gamay, Semillon, Clairette Aegean Coast - Semillon, Grenache, Carignan Anatolia - Local grapes |
|
|
Lebanon |
Bekaa Valley 1975- Civil War, 1993 Civil War Chateau Musar, Ch. Kefraya, Ksara, Massaya - French influence (Rhone) |
|
|
Israel |
Baron Edmond de Rothschild in 1882 Areas of Gailee Shomron Samson Judean Foothills Negev |
|
|
Israel Viniculture |
Battle against lack of water and the coast being hot and humid Balance vigor with grape sunburn Advanced wineries, with technology Emerald Riesling (Muscadelle x Grenache) Paleobotany because of Archeology |
|
|
Producers of Israel |
Carmel Barkan Tabor Golan |
|
|
Kosher wines |
Handler based (religious Jews) Casein, Isinglass (Fish bladders), Egg whites |
|
|
Laws for Kosher wines |
- Fruit may not go into wine production for 3 years - No cross breeding - Fields left fallow every 7th year (land sold to non jews) - Just over 1% of production poured away for the Tithe No barrel contact with grain Mevushal- pasturization to 175F |
|
|
Talk about Moroccan wines |
Arguably the best place to grow in N. Africa French brought large scale production 75% of wine is red Semi Arid-Mediterranean Coastal Atlantic/Mediterranean Rhone grapes, cab, syrah |
|
|
Talk about Tunisian wines |
- Phoenicians and Carthage - 1956- French leave Tunisia, leaving void of expertise - Rhone Varieties - Low annual rainfall, but low annual temperature |
|
|
Talk about Algeria
|
Leading producer in the 1930's for France - Auto-Ducellier system (auto vinification) - Until the 1950's France depended on Algeria to beef up their table wines - Phylloxera was a huge reason why there were grapes planted there. - Emigres from Baden and France - 1962- War for Independence - S. Rhone grapes |
