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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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G+ organisms arranged in branchin filaments
filaments have beaded appearance acid fast stains suppurative response with central liquifaction and surrounding granulation and fibrosis; granulomas do not form |
nocardia
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necrosis and exudative inflammation with infiltration of neutrophils adn macrophages
boxcar shaped G+ extracellular bactria in chains enlarged hilar and peribronchial lymph nodes perihilar interstitial pneumonia with infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils and pulmonary vasculitis predominantly in alveolar capillaries adn venules; to a lesser degree within the alveolar space |
anthrax
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exudative pattern of inflmmation with numerous neutrophils
G+ mostly intracellular bacilli in the CSF Focal abscesses alternate with grayish or yellow nodules representing necrotic amorphous basophilic tissue debris infants born with this have a papular red rash over extremities; abscesses on placenta |
listeriosis
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Inhaled organism; release of exotoxin causes necrosis of the epithelium accompanied by dense fibrinosuppurative exudate
tough dirty gray to black superficial membrane marked vascular congestion, interstitial edema, fibrin exudation hyperplasia of spleen and lymph nodes; fatty change and focal necrosis of parenchymal cells of liver, kidneys, adrenals |
diphtheria
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tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes
age 3 to 15 punctate erythematous rash abundant over trunk and inner aspects of arms and legs; face also involved but small area around mouth usually unaffected inflammatory involvement of skin followed by hyperkeratosis of the skin; scaling |
scarlet fever
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major antecedent of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
edema, epiglottic swelling, puctate abscesses of the tonsillar crypts sometimes accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathy may be encroachement on airways |
streptococcal pharyngitis
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middle aged persons in warm climates
rapidly spreading erythematous cutaneous swelling that may begin on the face; may form butterfly distribution on face leukocytic infiltration intense around vessels adn the skin adnexa |
erysipelas
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diffuse interstitial neutrophilic infiltrates with minimal destruction f host tissue
less of a tendency to cause abscess |
streptococcal infections
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exfoliative A and B toxins
exfoliative dermatitis that most frequently occurs in children with staphylococcal infections of the nasopharynx or skin sunburn like rash that spreads over the entire body an forms fragile bullae |
scalded skin syndrome/Ritter disease
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skin lesion associated with deeper suppuration that spreads laterally beneath the deep subcutaneous fascia and then burrows superficially to erupt in multiple adjacent sinuses
usually on the upper back and posterior neck |
carbuncles
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focal suppurative inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
either solitary or multiple or recurrent |
faruncles
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grape like clusters
pyogenic inflammation distinctive for its destructiveness skin infections centered aound hair follicles faruncles and carbuncles |
Staphylococcal infections
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layrngotracheobronchitis that in severe cases features bronchial mucosal erosion, hyperemia, and copious mucopurulent exudate
unless superinfected lung alveoli remain open and intact hypercellularity and enlargement of the mucosal lymph follicles and peribronchial lymph nodes |
B. pertussis/whooping cough
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infection seen in patients with cystic fibrosis, severe burns, or neutropenia
common cause of hospital acquired infection secretes mucoid exopolysaccharide called alginate that protects it from Ab; exotoxin A= similar to diphtheria toxin; exoenzyme S= ADP ribosylation of G proteins |
pseudomonas infection
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prototype of necrotizing inflammation distributing through the terminal airways in a fleur de lis pattern with striking whitish necrotic centers and red, hemorrhagic peripheral areas
masses of organisms cloud tissue with blue haze, concentrating in the wall of blood vessels wehre host cells undergo coagulation necrosis adn nuclei fade away gram negative vasculitis accompanied by thrombosis adn hemorrhage; mucous plugging, bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis |
pseudomonas infection
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gram negative infection of the skin that penetrates deeply into the veins adn spreads to cause massive bacteremia; skin lesions are in an oval shape
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ecthyma gangrenosum (pseudomonas infection)
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gram negative infection that proliferate within lymphoid tissue; Yop virulon enables the bacteria to kill host phagocytes and weaken the immune system
lymph node enlargement, pneumonia, or sepsis with neutrophilia; massive proliferation of the organism, early appearance of protein rich adn polysaccharide rich effusions with few inflammatory cells but with marked tissue swelling, necrosis of tissue adn blood vessels with hemorrhage/thrombosis, neutrophilic infiltrates that accumulate adjacent to necrotic areas as healing begins |
Yersinia pestis
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infected flea bite usually on the legs; small pustule or ulceration
draining lymphy nodes enlarge, become soft, pulpy, and plum colored; may infarct or rupture through skin |
bubonic plague
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severe confluent hemorrhagic, and necrotizing bronchopneumonia, often with fibrinous pleuritis
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pneumonic plague
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lymph nodes throughout the body and organs rich in mononulear phagocytes develop foci of necrosis
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septicemic plague
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one of the most common causes of genital ulcer in Africa and Southeast Asia
4-7 days after inoculation the patient develops a tender, erythematous papule surface of the primary lesion erodes to produce an irregular ulcer, which is more apt to be painful in males ulcer is covered by shaggy, yellow-green exudate; regional lymph nodes become enlarged and tender; chronic drainign ulcers zone of neutrophilic debris and fibrin with underlying zone of granulation tissue containing necrosis and thrombosed vessels; dense lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate is present beneath |
chancroid (H. ducreyi)
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chronic inflammatory disease caused by C. donovani; extensive scarring, often associated with lymphatic obstruction
begins as raised, papular lesions involving moist, stratified squamous epithelium fo the genitalia; undergoes ulceration, development of abundant granulation tissue, which is manifested grossly as protuberant, soft, painless, mass lesion becomes raised and indurated urethral, vulvar, anal strictures; marked epithelial hyperplasia at the border; organisms appear in giemsa stain as minute encapsulated coccobacilli (Silver stain too) |
granuloma inguinale
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inhaled bacilli implant in the distal airspaces of the lower part of the upper lobe or upper part of the lower lobe
gray white inflammatory consolidation (Ghon focus); center undergoes caseous ncerosis; drainage to regional lymph nodes-> caseation progressive fibrosis, often followed by calcification (Ranke complex) granulomatous inflammatory reaction that forms caseating and non caseating tubercles |
primary tuberculosis
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initial lesion= small focus of consolidation; sharply circumscribed, firm, gray-white to yellow areas with variable caseation adn peripheral fibrosis
progressive fibrous encapsulation, leaving fibro-calcific scars |
secondary tuberculosis
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erosion into a bronchus that evaculates a caseous center, creating a ragged, irregular cavity lined by caseous material that is poorly walled off by fibrous tissue
hemoptysis, fibrosis distorts pulmonary architecture; irregular cavities free of caseous necrosis may remain or collapse in the surrounding fibrosis infection may spread by direct expansion via dissemination through airways or vascular sytem |
progressive pulmonary tuberculosis
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organisms drain through lymphatics into the lymphatic ducts which empty into the venous return to the right side of the heart adn pulmonary arteries
foci of yellow white consolidation scattered through the lung parenchyma; may coalesce-> large regions/lobes |
miliary pulmonary disease
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mucosal lining studded with minute granulomatous lesions sometimes apparent only on microscopic examination
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endobronchial, endotracheal, laryngeal tuberculosis
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infective myoctic foci in the lungs seeds the pulmonary venous return to the heart; organism disseminate through the systemic arterial system
most prominent in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, adrenals, kidneys, fallopian tubes, epididymis |
systemic miliary tuberculosis
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mycotic disease that may appear in any organ or tissue seeded hematogenously adn may be presenting manifestation of tuberculosis
typically include meninges, kidneys, adrenals, and fallopian tubes vertebrae affected= Potts disease |
isolated organ tuberculosis
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most frequent form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, usually occuring in the cervical region
multifocal in HIV patients |
lymphadenitis
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mycotic illness contracted by drinking contaminated milk or secondary to swallowing coughed up material
organisms are trapped in the mucosal lymphoid aggregations of the small and large bowel; undergo inflammatory enlargement with ulceration, particularly in the ileum |
intestinal tuberculosis
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AIDS related illness; abundant acid-fast bacilli within macrophages
widely disseminated throughout the mononuclear systems causing enlargement of the involved lymph nodes, liver, and spleen yellowish pigmentation in involved organs; granulomas, lymphocytes, and tissue destruction are rare |
mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex
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slowly progressive infection involving the cooler areas of the skin; there may be damage to the nervous system due to widespread invasion of mycobacteria into Schwann cells
transmitted person to person through aerosols |
leprosy/Hansen disease
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localized skin lesion that are at first flat and red but enlarge adn develop irregular shapes wiht indurated, elevated, hyperpigmentated margins and depressed pale centers
nerves become enclosed within granulomatous inflammatory reactions; skin anesthesias/skin and muscle atrophy that render patient liable to trauma autoamputation of teh fingers or toes may ensue; paralysis of the eyelids with keratitis and corneal ulceration presence of granulomas, absence of bacteria; slow course |
tuberculoid leprosy
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skin, peripheral nerves, anterior chamber of the eye, upper airways, testes, hands, and feet are involved; vital organs/CNS rarely affected
large aggregates of lipid laden macrophages, often filled with masses of acid fast bacilli failure of TH1 response; macular, papular, or nodular lesions on the face, ears, wrists, elbows, and knees; may coalesce to yield lionine facies; most lesions are hypoesthetic or anesthetic aggregations of foamy macrophages in the paracortical areas with enlargement of the germinal centers; splenic red pulp and liver too; testes are usually extensively involved-> sterility |
lepromatous leprosy
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