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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enterobacteriaceae
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Gram - rods <3um
Facultative anaerobes Grow on non-enriched media Oxidase - Catalase + Not spore forming Grow well on MacConkey agar Reduce nitrate to nitrite Ferment glucose Most are motile, peritrichous fl. Worldwide distribution Some in normal flora of animal |
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Enterobacteriaceae groups
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Three groups:
1. Major enteric and systemic pathogens 2. Opportunistic pathogens 3. Non-pathogens |
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Group 1 enterobacteriaceae
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E.coli some strains
Salmonella serotypes Yersinia species Shigella spp |
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Group 2 enterobacteriaceae
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E.coli
Proteus species Enterobacter species Klebsiella species Citrobacter spp |
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Group 3 enterobacteriaceae
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Many.
Hafnia Erwinia |
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Differentiation enterobacteriaceae
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-Lactose fermentation on MacConkey agar
-reactions on selective/indicator media -colonial morphology -reactions in triple sugar iron agar -biochemical tests -serotyping -PCR |
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Color of lactose fermenters in MacConkey agar
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Pink (also surrounding medium)
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Colour of non lactose fermenters in MacConkey agar
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Pale (also surrounding medium)
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E.coli on EMB agar
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Some isolates have unique metallic sheen
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Which genera of enterobacteriaceae have mucoid species?
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Klebsiella and Enterobacter
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Which genera of enterobacteriaceae produce characteristic swarming on solid non-inhibitory medium?
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Proteus spp.
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Which genera of enterobacteriaceae have motility at 30•C?
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E.coli
Salmonella serotypes Yersinia spp. Proteus spp. Enterobacter spp. |
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Which genera of enterobacteriaceae is not motile in 30•C?
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Klebsiella
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Lactose fermentation
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E. coli
Enterobacter Klebsiella Citrobacter |
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Non-lactose fermenters
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Salmonella
Yersinia Proteus |
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Indole production of enterobacteriaceae
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E.coli
Proteus.vulgaris |
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Enterobacteriaceae, H2S gas production
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Salmonella
Edwardsiella Citrobacter Proteus |
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Lysine decarboxylase positive enterobacteriaceae
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E.coli
Salmonella Enterobacter Klebsiella |
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Urease activity enterobacteriaceae
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Yersinia
Proteus Klebsiella Morganella |
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Antigenic structure of enterobacteriaceae
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Typical member of enterobacteriaceae has
O-, H-, K-, and F-antigen, and LPS (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin) |
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Virulence factors of enterobacteriaceae
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Capsule
Endotoxin Anti microbial resistance Antigenic phase variation Acquisition of growth factors Resistance to serum killing |
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Which genera of enterobacteriaceae are multi drug resistant?
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Klebsiella
E.coli |
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E.coli colour on Mac Conkey agar
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Red/pink, ferment lactose
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As part of normal flora, E.coli produce
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Small amounts of vitamin B12 and K
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Which bacteria colonise the intestinal tract of newborn within hours after birth?
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E.coli
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How many serotypes of E.coli?
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More than 700
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Temp. range for E.coli and E.blattae
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15-45 degrees
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Antigen characteristics of E.coli
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O-, H-, and K-antigen
O: 170 serotypes (depending on host) H: 56 serotypes (depending on disease) K: 80 serovars |
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Antigenic determination
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Agglutination tests to check serotypes for specific strain
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E.coli virulence factors
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Fimbriae
Hemolysis Sideophores Flagella Toxins Endotoxin LPS Capsule K antigen Antigenic variation Drug resistance plasmids |
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Main diseases of E.coli
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Urinary tract infection
Sepsis/neonatal diseases Enteric/diarrheal diseases |
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EPEC
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Enteropathogenic E.coli
Pathogenic in intestinal tract Diarrhea |
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Serotypes for EPEC
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O111
O112 |
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Serotypes for ETEC
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O15
O115 |
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Dangerous (for human) antigenic formula for EHEC
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O157:H7
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Major reservoir of EHEC O157:H7
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Healthy cattle
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Pathogenic strains of E.coli causing enteric disease
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ETEC (enterotoxigenic)
AEEC (attaching and effacing) EAggEC (enteroaggregative) EPEC (enteropathogenic) STEC (shiga toxin producing) EHEC (enterohemorrhagic) |
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Pathogenic strains of E.coli causing extraintestinal infections
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APEC (avian pathogenic)
SEPEC(septicaemic) UPEC (uropathogenic) Strains causing localised infections |
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What are sideophores?
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Iron-binding molecules, synthesised by certain pathogenic strains of E.coli
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in CNS
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Escherichia
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in CNS
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Escherichia
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in lower resp. tract
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Escherichia
Klebsiella Enterobacter |
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in CNS
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Escherichia
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in lower resp. tract
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Escherichia
Klebsiella Enterobacter |
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in bloodstream
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Escherichia
Klebsiella Enterobacter |
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in CNS
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Escherichia
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in lower resp. tract
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Escherichia
Klebsiella Enterobacter |
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in bloodstream
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Escherichia
Klebsiella Enterobacter |
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in gastrointestinal tract
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Escherichia
Salmonella Shigella Yersinia |
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in CNS
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Escherichia
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in lower resp. tract
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Escherichia
Klebsiella Enterobacter |
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in bloodstream
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Escherichia
Klebsiella Enterobacter |
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in gastrointestinal tract
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Escherichia
Salmonella Shigella Yersinia |
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Enterobacteriaceae causing disease in urinary tract
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Escherichia
Klebsiella Proteus Morganella |
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Salmonella spp
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Not ferment lactose
Motile with flagella Some have capsular antigens S.typhi has Vi-antigen Classification based on serogrouping and serotyping Identified by biochemical tests |
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Salmonella spp
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Not ferment lactose
Motile with flagella Some have capsular antigens S.typhi has Vi-antigen Classification based on serogrouping and serotyping Identified by biochemical tests |
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Salmonella clinical diseases
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Enteritis
Bacteremia Enteric (typhoid) fever |
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Salmonella spp
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Not ferment lactose
Motile with flagella Some have capsular antigens S.typhi has Vi-antigen Classification based on serogrouping and serotyping Identified by biochemical tests |
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Salmonella clinical diseases
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Enteritis
Bacteremia Enteric (typhoid) fever |
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Salmonella prevention and control
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Sanitary measures
Strict hygiene food handling Vaccines for S.typhi |
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Salmonella spp
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Not ferment lactose
Motile with flagella Some have capsular antigens S.typhi has Vi-antigen Classification based on serogrouping and serotyping Identified by biochemical tests |
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Salmonella clinical diseases
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Enteritis
Bacteremia Enteric (typhoid) fever |
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Salmonella prevention and control
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Sanitary measures
Strict hygiene food handling Vaccines for S.typhi |
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Shigella
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Not ferment lactose
45 O serogroups No H-antigen |
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Shigella prevention and control
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Humans only reservoir for Sh.
Most cases in children <10 yr Prevention if dysentery |
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Yersinia
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Grows faster on blood/tissue fluid media
Grows fastest in 30 degrees Some can grow in refrigerated food |
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Yersinia pathogenesis
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Resist phagocytic killing by secreting protein into phagocyte
Y.pestis has protein capsule |
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Yersinia pathogenesis
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Resist phagocytic killing by secreting protein into phagocyte
Y.pestis has protein capsule |
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Yersinia diseases
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Y.pestis-
Cause plague Cause zoonotic infections: Urban plague Sylvatic plague Y.enterocolica and Y.pseudoruberculosis- Zoonotic infections Enteritis Pseudoappendicitis |
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E.coli
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Normal flora of mouth and intestine
Protects intestinal tract from bacterial infections Assist in digestion Produce small amounts of vit B12 and K Colonise newborns tract within h after birth More than 700 serotypes Distinguished by different surface proteins and polysaccharides |
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E.blattae
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Hind gut of cockroach Blatta orientalis
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