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201 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Culture
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People’s unique way of life shown by its tools, customs, arts and ideas
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vocabulary
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Culture
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People’s unique way of life shown by its tools, customs, arts and ideas
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vocabulary
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Cultural Diffusion
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the spreading of cultures
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vocabulary
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cultural diversity
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different cultures living together
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vocabulary
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Cultural Diffusion
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the spreading of cultures
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vocabulary
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ethnocentrism
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a belief that ones country is superior
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vocabulary
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cultural diversity
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different cultures living together
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vocabulary
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polygamy
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having more then one wife
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vocabulary
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ethnocentrism
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a belief that ones country is superior
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vocabulary
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interdependence
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mutually dependent
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vocabulary
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polygamy
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having more then one wife
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vocabulary
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capitalism
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an economic system based on private ownership and the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit
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vocabulary
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interdependence
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mutually dependent
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vocabulary
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communism
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an economic system in which all means o
f production- land, mine, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist and all goods and services are shared equally |
vocabulary
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capitalism
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an economic system based on private ownership and the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit
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vocabulary
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democracy
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a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representative
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vocabulary
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communism
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an economic system in which all means o
f production- land, mine, factories, railroads, and businesses- are owned by the people, private property does not exist and all goods and services are shared equally |
vocabulary
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totalitarianism
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government control over every aspect of public and private life
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vocabulary
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democracy
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a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representative
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vocabulary
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dissident
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disagreeing
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vocabulary
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totalitarianism
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government control over every aspect of public and private life
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vocabulary
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nationalism
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the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation- that is to the people with whom they share a culture and history- rather then to a king or an empire.
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vocabulary
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dissident
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disagreeing
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vocabulary
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self-determination
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The freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live
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vocabulary
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nationalism
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the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation- that is to the people with whom they share a culture and history- rather then to a king or an empire.
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vocabulary
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imperialism
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a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially
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vocabulary
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self-determination
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The freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live
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vocabulary
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colonialism
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becoming colonized
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vocabulary
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imperialism
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a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially
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vocabulary
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colonialism
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becoming colonized
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vocabulary
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mercantilism
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an economic policy under which nations sought to increase there nations wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.
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vocabulary
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social mobility
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the ability of individuals or groups to move within a social hierarchy with changes in income, education, occupation
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vocabulary
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patriarchal
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male dominant
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vocabulary
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matriarchal
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women dominant
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vocabulary
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monotheistic
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a belief in a single god
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vocabulary
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import
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To have foreign goods shipped to your country
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vocabulary
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export
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To ship goods to other countries
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vocabulary
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tariff
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Any table of charges
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vocabulary
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life expectancy rate
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the average age a gender/race will live
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vocabulary
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infant morality rate
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the death rate during the first year of life
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vocabulary
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illiteracy rate
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the amount of people that can read
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vocabulary
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agrarian
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social and political philosophy which stresses the viewpoint that the cultivation of plants, or farming leads to a fuller and happier life
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vocabulary
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industrialized
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The develop of industries for the machine production of goods.
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vocabulary
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“developing nation” (third world):
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a nation in the process of industrializing.
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vocabulary
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subsistence economy
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An economy in which a group attempts to produce no more output per period then they must consume in that period in order to survive but do not attempt to accumulate wealth or to transfer productivity from one period to the next
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vocabulary
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“shrinking world”/globalization
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to extend to other or all parts of the globe; make worldwide: efforts to globalize the auto industry.
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vocabulary
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secular
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When government is separated from religion
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vocabulary
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Where did the Tang expand to
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northern lands that china lost
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tang trade
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Abbasids, silk road
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-who
-how |
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tang type of government and how
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-bureaucracy
-restored the civil service exam |
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tang religion
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confucianism
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tang decline and who came next
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taxes for military expanison
song |
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Tang years
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618-907 A.D
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song years
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960-1279
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why did the song retreat south
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the manchurians came from the north
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what empire divided china into different systems?
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song
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the song in general were
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prosperous
greatest sea power |
good economics or bad?
what shows there power? |
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QING year
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1644
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during the QING they became
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isolated
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trade in QING
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had to follow certain rules
only the dutch agreed to follow britain wanted to trade with china but refused to go by their rules |
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QING in government
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let Manchurian people hold goverment too
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QING advances
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medical, science, and math
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Japan Climate
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-mild
-mountainous- only 15% suitable for farming -natural resources in short supply -earthquake and volcano erruptions |
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Japanese early religion
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shintoism- te way of the g-ds
-spirits inhabits physical objects -respect for nature and worship of ancestors -no complex rituals or philosophies |
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Selective borrowing
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borrowing only what you want
ex) japan borrowed art and writing from china |
vocabulary with example
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Tokugawa
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a dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan 1603-1867
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Hein years
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794-1185
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Japans golden age
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Hein
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Lady Murasaki
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wrote the tale of Gengi
-worlds first novel - overnight success |
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Hein goverment
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strong central government (later declined)
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Sammari
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fight for lord
like european nights |
vocabulary
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Decline of the Hein
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court families grew only interested in luxury rather than government
Kublai Khan invaded and won |
court families
who came in |
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Caste system
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shogun
daimyo Sammari |
vocabulary
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Sammari followed
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the code bushido
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code
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Egypt decline of what dynasty
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mamelukes
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Safavids location
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persia
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Safavids religion
persecuted by |
shias
ottoman sunni |
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Safavids power
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powerful army
seized iran expanded empire to the caucasus mountains |
power
seized expanded to |
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Safavids important leader
did punished |
Sha abbas
take the best from both worlds rebuilt city of isfahan had 2 army forces punished: severely |
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Safavids in-between
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ottomans and uzbek
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Safavids important item
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Persian carpets
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Abbasid years
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750- 1258 muslim golden age
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Baghdad
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Abbasid moved capital there
scholars at house of wisdom - put slabs of meat around Baghdad and learned where the cleanest air was for hospitals. |
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Women status
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inferior to men, but better status then women in europe
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damascus
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center of learning
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Abbasid decline
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persian armies put an end to caliph
lost territories overtime |
who did it
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Abbasid geopolitics
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mediterranean sea and indian ocean
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Abbasid government
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strong bureaucracy
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type
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Abbasid trade
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flourished
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mamelukes
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turkish military slaves
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MALI founder and location and great leader another important leader
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Mande
Ghana sundiata mansa musa |
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MALI built because of
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gold and salt
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Mali achievements
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administrators in for finance, military, and defense
trading cities built army |
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MALI goverment
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central goverment
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type
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MALI schooling systems and read using
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mos que qu'ran
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places in MALI empire
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timbuktu and Gao
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Songhai river
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Niger
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Songhai captured
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timbuktu
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Songhai government
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central
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type
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Ghana items
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salt and gold
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ghana trade routes
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great
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Swahili language
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speaking people migrated across central Africa to the east coast where they established farming and fishing
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Swahili people used
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monsoons to sail across the Indian Ocean to East Africa
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Portuguese sailed where and why
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coast of Africa to get to the Swahili Coast because the Mediterranean Sea was under strict control of the Ottoman Empire
asian spices, but found them in east african city states |
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Great Zimbabwe land
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fertile, well watered plateau
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Great Zimbabwe good for
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farming
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Great Zimbabwe trade root
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bear trade root- linking gold fields to the costal trading fields of Sofala- gained control and then taxed roots.
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Mayans location
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Mexico
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Mayan Tikal
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great mayan city had spectacular pyramid, Pyramid IV, which rose 212 ft
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Mayan agriculture
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slash and burn
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Mayan religion
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polytheistic
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Mayan wrote
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using codex
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Mayan decline
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warfare between city states --> overpopulation and famine
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Aztecs location
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valley of Mexico
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Tenochitlan
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Starting place Aztec
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Incas location
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Chile on the Andes mountain range
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Cuzco and composed of
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capital of the Incan Empire
temples, plazas, and palaces all roads in the empire led here |
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Mongols location/climate
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Asian Steppes
little rain |
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Pastoralist
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Herders of domesticated animals who travel to feed their animals
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in the Mongols
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Mongols conquered land from
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china to parts of europe
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Mongols were
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nomads
skilled riders rutheless brilliant organizer strategic cruel tatics |
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Ghenis Khan
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first mongol leader
unified clans used islamic religion brilliant organizer strategic |
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Khublai Kahn
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-Ghenis Kahn’s great grandson, Confucian, adopts Chinese ways in government
-founded the Yuan Dynasty -united china for the 1st time in 300 years, helped china open up greater foreign trade to Indians and Persians -built new capital, conquered china, tried to conquer Japan, but there technology was too inferior, so they lost, restored the grand canal, encouraged foreign trade, used the silk road, didn’t let Chinese in the government -after his death they declined |
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Ming Dyanasty keader
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-Zheng He- traveled long voyages through southeast Asia, Africa and India and everywhere he went he distributed gifts for signs of superiority-the Chinese believed they were a waste and withdrew after 7 voyages into isolation
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Ming why isolated
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self sufficien
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Ming trade
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porcelain and silk
gov regulated trade |
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Ming military
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to protect against mongols
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Ming for protection
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Great Wall
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Mughals important leader
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Akbar
tolerant, culturl blending, used cannons, united indias |
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Mughal
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golden age of india
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Mughal goverment
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bureaucracy
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type
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Ibn battuta
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Ibn Battuta traveled further and visited more countries than other person in the medieval times. . His final journey took him to Mali, a Muslim empire in West Africa
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Ottomans geopolotics
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mediterranean
later found oil in persia and arabia largest empire (one of) |
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Ottomans military
and used |
stong
gun powder |
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Ottoman Leader
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Suleiman
devershine system tolerant and unified janissaries |
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devershrine system
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trained boys to become soldiers
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jannissaries
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slaves
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ottoman decline
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unified
-DECLINE—Son took over and he wasn’t suitable, all of Suleiman successors were weak -Got into trouble after going into war -Corruption and theft -Geopolitics, others wanted the oil in the Mediterranean sea trade so the Russians attacked them for it |
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strait of malacca
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traded through it
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Commercial Revolution:
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The culmination of new wealth through colonization and trade during the 16th and 17th centuries.
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vocabulary
|
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Capitalism
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: An economic system based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profit.
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vocabulary
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Joint-Stock Company
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A company owned by a number of people pooling their wealth for a common purpose. Each individual pays a certain share and profits are split accordingly.
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vocabulary
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Mercantilism
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Theory that a country’s power depended mainly on its wealth. A nation could increase wealth by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible or establish a favorable balance of trade.
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vocabulary
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Favorable Balance of Trade
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Trade where a country exports more goods than it imports.
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vocabulary
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Conquistadors
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took over Native Americans for gold, able to because of advanced technologies
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vocabulary
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Conquistadors
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took over Native Americans for gold, able to because of advanced technologies
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vocabulary
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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Treaty stating that Spain and Portugal had to honor the Line of Demarcation, which was set up stating lands east of the line were Portugal’s and lands west of the line were Spain’s.
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vocabulary
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Encomienda
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: This was a farming system where Spanish landlords received the rights to the natives’ labor from Spanish authorities. The natives would farm, ranch, or mine. The holders of these plots promised Spanish rulers that they would act fairly and respect the workers. Unfortunately, many did not follow this and they abused their workers.
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vocabulary
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Peninsulares:
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Men born in Spain who held the top positions in Latin America.
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vocabulary
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Creole
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Spaniards born in Latin America holding lesser positions than Peninsualres
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vocabulary
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Conquistadors
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took over Native Americans for gold, able to because of advanced technologies
|
vocabulary
|
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Treaty of Tordesillas
|
Treaty stating that Spain and Portugal had to honor the Line of Demarcation, which was set up stating lands east of the line were Portugal’s and lands west of the line were Spain’s.
|
vocabulary
|
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Encomienda
|
: This was a farming system where Spanish landlords received the rights to the natives’ labor from Spanish authorities. The natives would farm, ranch, or mine. The holders of these plots promised Spanish rulers that they would act fairly and respect the workers. Unfortunately, many did not follow this and they abused their workers.
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vocabulary
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Peninsulares:
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Men born in Spain who held the top positions in Latin America.
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vocabulary
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Creole
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Spaniards born in Latin America holding lesser positions than Peninsualres
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vocabulary
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Mestizo
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A person of mixed European and Indian ancestry.
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vocabulary
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Mulatto
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A person of mixed European and African ancestry
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vocabulary
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Caudillos
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Powerful military leaders or political bosses, who often came to power by force
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vocabulary
|
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Triangular Trade:
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The transatlantic trading network where three different entities traded their most abundant item in return for something they need. One example of triangular trade was between Europe, Africa, and the West Indies. Europe would send manufactured goods to Africa, pick up African slaves and bring them to the West Indies, and then pick up sugar, coffee, and tobacco and bring them back to Europe. Another triangular trade was between the New England Colonies, Africa, and the West Indies. Rum and other goods were traded from New England to Africa, where slaves were picked up and dropped off in the West Indies, and finally, where sugar and molasses were sent back to the New England colonies.
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vocabulary
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Middle Passage
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The voyage from Africa to the West Indies trading African slaves. This was considered the middle passage because it was considered the middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle.
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vocabulary
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Columbian Exchange
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The global transfer of foods, plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe during the colonization of the Americas.
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vocabulary
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Hein feudalism
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government then ruling families cared more about luxuries. Farmers began to sell land in return for protection marking the beginning of a feudal system
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Haiti
who rebelled why |
ex slave--Toussaint L’Overture
bottom of the social system and because they worked on sugar plantations (very dangerous because they used) |
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south america
who why |
the creoles- -Simon Bolivar- The “Liberator” who defeated Spanish forces 1819-1825, freeing Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia
-Jose de San Martin- The Latin American revolutionary who freed Argentina and Chile from Spanish rule couldn’t hold high government positions |
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Mexico
who why |
-Miguel Hidalgo- A priest and peasants
social classes |
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Opium
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: Cause people to be lazy and work was not getting done. Made a favorable balance of trade for Britain, before all the silver was going to china. The Chinese tried to stop it. They sent a letter to Queen Victoria, but it was never delivered.
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Destruction of opium
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In Canton, like Boston Tea Party. After Opium War had to pay for the reparations.
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Opium War:
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War between the British and Chinese in 1839 caused by the introduction of Opium to China by the British. This war was fought at sea and the steam powered British fleet dominated the outdated Chinese one.
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Treaty of Nanjing
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Signed in 1842, this treaty gave Britain the island of Hong Kong, Opened ports to Europeans, Costly reparations for the destroyed opium, and extraterritorial rights for British citizens
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Extraterritorial Rights
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Given to the US and other foreign countries, this allowed them to trade at five Chinese ports that were exempt from Chinese law.
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Extraterritorial Rights
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Given to the US and other foreign countries, this allowed them to trade at five Chinese ports that were exempt from Chinese law.
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Taiping Rebellion
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Rebellion of the Chinese people against China led by Hong Xiuquan. He had mystical visions and wanted to save the world, beginning with China. He had dreams of a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.” Here, all Chinese would share China’s wealth and no one would be poor. Men and women would be equals. They took over Nanjing as their capital with over one million people. Soon though, imperial troops local militias, and British and French forces attacked them and ended their rebellion by 1864. Western Civilizations helped defeat them. SHOWED: the weakness of the Qing Dynasty, discontent among peasants, and increasing influence of weatern ideologies and religions
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Dowager Empress Cixi
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Ruler of China who still believed in traditional values, but pushed reforms like the self-strengthening movement, which would update China’s educational system, diplomatic service, and military. She served two terms, coming back in 1899 after her nephew wanted too extreme reforms.
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Boat
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: symbol of failure of self-strengthening movement
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Self-Strengthening Movement
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Movement that would allow the Chinese education system, diplomatic service, and military to improve.
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Sphere of Influence
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An area in which a foreign nation controlled trade and investment
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Open Door Policy
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Policy initiated by the United States in 1899 that allowed all of China to be open to all foreign traders. This was made so that no one nation would set up colonies and have total control over an area.
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Boxer Rebellion
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Starting as a secret organization called The Society of Harmonious Fists, these people were usually peasants or workers who were against the foreigners and Chinese Christians. In the spring of 1900, the marched into Beijing chanting “Death to the foreign devils!” They took hold of the European section and held it for months until a force of 20,000 foreign troops defeated them. Although they were defeated, this created a sense of nationalism among China.
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The Great Chinese Cake
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like the cake in Africa all the powerful nations were taking china and dividing it.
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Commodore Perry
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American who in 1853 brought a fleet of four ships into Tokyo Harbor with a letter for the Tokugawa shogun from U.S. President Millard Fillmore. The letter asked for the Japanese to open their ports so that U.S. ships could dock and re-supply with water and coal. Perry threatened the Japanese that he would return the next year with a much larger fleet awaiting their response
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Treaty of Kanagawa
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This was the treaty signed in response to President Fillmore’s letter. In 1854, this treaty opened two ports where American ships could re-supply. It further stipulates that the United States could set up an embassy in Japan.
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Meiji Era
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From 1867 to 1912, this was the ruling era under the emperor Mutsuhito. Meiji means “enlightened rule.”
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Russo-Japanese War
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War that broke out in 1904 when Japan launched a surprise attack against the Russian navy. Japan drove the Russians out of Korea winning many battles and capturing a majority of Russia’s Pacific fleet. The war ended by the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth stipulating that Russia would move out of Manchuria and away from Korea and giving Japan the captured territories- Results were surprising because of Japanese wins
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Annexation
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The inclusion of a territory under the ruling of a greater nation. Korea was annexed to Japan. Japan treated Korea terribly
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The Rape of Nanjing
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Japanese never formally apologized for being ruthless to the Chinese. They cut off peoples heads and threw babies.
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-British East India Company
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had its own army of 25, 000
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Sepoy Mutiny
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- In 1857 Sepoys attempted to unite India against invading British and to restore power to the Mogul emperor Bahadur Shah. Failed because of lack of leadership and unity on the part of the Indians and cruel suppression by the British armies
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-Raj
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- Part of India under direct British rule
-The British believed that India was their “Jewel in the crown” because it was the most prosperous and made a fortune for the East India Company |
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egypt geopolitics
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the tip of the read sea
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geopoltics
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foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands
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The Suez Canal
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A man made waterway that connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Egyptians built it. It was a huge success.
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decline of the ottoman
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unable ruler- killed 2 able sons
lost to spain and italy people started feeling nationalistic people wanted there good geopolitics |
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Assimilation
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The policy where foreigners could be absorbed into another culture/society.
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Berlin Conference
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Conference arranged in 1884-1885 to assure fair division of lands in Africa. They established that any European country could control lands in Africa if they showed proper claims. The unclaimed land was divided up without thought of tribal division/conflicts.
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Boer War
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War between the British and Boers in 1899 considered to be the first modern “total” war. The Boers launched a commando assault with guerilla tactics, while the British would burn Boer farms and imprison women and children in concentration camps. The British eventually won this war and the Boer republics had to join the Union of South Africa in 1902.
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Colony
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country or religion governed internally by a foreign power (most of Africa)
|
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Protectorate
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Country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power- not very expensive (Egypt)
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Sphere of Influence
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Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges (China)
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Economic Imperialism
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Independent or less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather then by other governments (Dole Fruit Co.)
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Indirect Control
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Local officials handled the colony. Each colony had a legislative council
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direct conrtol
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Paternalism- provided needs w/o giving them rights, brought in bureaucrats
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