Gi Drugs

Front 1

What is the prototype for hyperacidity?

Back 1

antacids (OTC)

Front 2

How do antacids works?

Back 2

buffer or neutralize hydrochloric acid & increase gastric pH

Front 3

What are the indications of antacids?

Back 3

-hyperacidity r/t gastritis
-peptic ulcer
-hiatal hernia

Front 4

What is the goal of using antacids?

Back 4

neutralize pH to about 3.5

Front 5

What type of antacids is TUMS?

Back 5

calcium carbonate

Front 6

When should antacids be given with other drugs?

Back 6

2 hours after or 1 hour before other drugs

Front 7

What are we concerned about with using antacids?

Back 7

changing the pH of the stomach will change absorption rate of other drugs taken.

Front 8

What is the SE of aluminum & calcium when used as antacids?

Back 8

constipation

Front 9

What is the SE of magnesium when used as an antacid?

Back 9

diarrhea

Front 10

If you have long term use of calcium antacids what is the concern?

Back 10

develop calcium oxidate stones and have ARF.

Front 11

What are the indications of antiemetics?

Back 11

prevent or relieve n/v

Front 12

What are the SE of antiemetics?

Back 12

-drowsiness
-tardive dyskinesia

Front 13

Where do some of the antiemetics work?

Back 13

-dopamine
-serotonin
-histamine

Front 14

Which antiemetic works on the dopamine receptors?

Back 14

metoclopramide (reglan)

Front 15

What are the indications for metoclopramide (reglan)?

Back 15

-GERD
-postoperative for ileus
-eliminate barium

Front 16

What are SE with metoclopramide (reglan)?

Back 16

-drowsiness
-diarrhea (it improves GI motility)
-extrapyramidal effects

Front 17

Where do some of the peptic ulcer drugs work?

Back 17

-histamine
-proton pump
-stomach
H2 blocker
-PPI

Front 18

What is the prototypes of H2 blockers used for peptic ulcers?

Back 18

-cimetidine (Tagamet)
-ranitidine (Zantac)

Front 19

How does H2 blockers cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac) work?

Back 19

prevent histamine from stimulating H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells

Front 20

What is the indication for H2 blockers cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac)?

Back 20

-treatment & prevention of PUD
-reflux diseases
-hypersecretion of acid

Front 21

What are the SE of H2 blockers cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac)?

Back 21

-anorexia
-n/v/d
-constipation
-confusion

Front 22

What is the prototype of cytoprotective agent used for peptic ulcers?

Back 22

sucralfate (Carafate)

Front 23

What else does misoprostol used for other than peptic ulcers?

Back 23

to cause delivery/open the cervix

Front 24

What are the indications of sucralfate (Carafate)?

Back 24

-peptic ulcer tx
-prevent NSAID ulcers

Front 25

How does sucralfate (Carafate) work?

Back 25

chemically combines w/substances from damaged cells in the ulcer crater, forms a protective acid-resistant barrier in the crater & prevents further erosion

Front 26

What is the prototype for Proton Pump Inhibitor that is used for peptic ulcers?

Back 26

omeprazole (Prilosec)

Front 27

How does PPI omeprazole (Prilosec) work?

Back 27

blocks acid secretion by inhibiting the ATPase enzyme at the gastric parietal cells

Front 28

What is the indication for PPI omeprazole (Prilosec)?

Back 28

-severe erosive esophagitis from GERD
-duodenal ulcer
-long-term tx of hypersecretion

Front 29

What is the SE of PPI omeprazole (Prilosec)?

Back 29

-rebound heart burn
-weakness
-dizziness
increase risk of c.diff
-osteopenia

Front 30

How long does it take for PPI omeprazole (Prilosec) to work?

Back 30

3-4 days

Front 31

What drug is best to prevent gastritis or peptic ulcers?

Back 31

H2 blocker drugs cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac)

Front 32

What drug is best to treat and prevent a peptic ulcer?

Back 32

PPI omeprazole (Prilosec)

Front 33

What is the prototype for stimulant laxative?

Back 33

biscodyl (Ducolax)

Front 34

How does the stimulant laxative biscodyl (Ducolax) work?

Back 34

works on intestinal mm & secretory cells to stimulate motility & fluid movement

Front 35

What is the caution with stimulant laxative biscodyl (Ducolax)?

Back 35

associated w/fluid loss and can lead to dependency

Front 36

What drug is an antiemetic and GI stimulant?

Back 36

metoclopramide (reglan)

Front 37

What is the prototype of prescription laxative?

Back 37

lactulose

Front 38

How does lactulose work?

Back 38

consists of sugars which are metabolized to acids to produce an osmotic effect w/increased fluid accumulation, distension, peristalsis

Front 39

When will you use lactulose to minimize ammonium levels?

Back 39

end stage liver failure

Front 40

What is the indication for lactulose?

Back 40

chronic constipation that does not respond to OTC bulk laxatives

Front 41

What are the SE of lactulose?

Back 41

-flatulence
-intestinal cramping
-excessive dose with n/d

Front 42

What is the prototype of prescription laxative that is used for colonoscopy?

Back 42

polyethylene glycol (GoLYTEly)

Front 43

What is the indications for polyethylene glycol (GoLYTEly)?

Back 43

-bowel cleaning before colonoscopy
-before barium enema

Front 44

How does polyethylene glycol (GoLYTEly) work?

Back 44

mixture of PEG, sodium salts, and potassium chloride, is isotonic to body fluids so does not absorb or secrete electrolytes but acts as osmotic

Front 45

What are some of the bad SE with laxative use?

Back 45

dependency, the body may start to ONLY have bowel movements with use of the medication

Front 46

When should we NOT use anti-diarrheals?

Back 46

-bloody bowels
-high fever
-unless you truly know what is going on, sometimes you want the body to rid of the infection.
-just maintain fluid & electrolyte replacement

Front 47

What is GERD?

Back 47

condition in which the stomach contents (food or liquid) leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus

Front 48

What is GERD linked with?

Back 48

development of Barrett's esophagus (pre-cancerous stage of the cells in the esophagus)

Front 49

What is tardive dyskinesia?

Back 49

involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities that occur in pt treated with long-term dopaminergic antagonist medications

Front 50

What is constipation?

Back 50

occurs when bowel movements become difficult or less frequent. especially going longer than three days wo a stool.

Front 51

What is Maalox & Mylanta?

Back 51

antacids composed of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. they are used to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach. they neutralize the stomach. they may be used alone or with other antacids.