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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Weimar Republic
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established following World War I; lacked legitimacy in the eyes of Germans b/c it had been forced upon Germany; poor control of the economy led to hyperinflation; Nazis took over from Weimar
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Prussia
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powerful North German state; captial Berlin; eventually domanted Germany
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Third Reich
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also known as Nazi Germany, marked by a totalitarian dictatorship headed by Adolph Hitler
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Kaiser
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German word for Caesar; emperor; set the policy during the Second Reich
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Otto Von Bismarck
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Germany's chancellor from 1871-1890; formerly Prussia's Prime Minister; leads a unified and consolidated Germany after 3 wars
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Hohenzollern
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noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania; ended with the Weimar Republic
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Gerhard Schroeder
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Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), he led a coalition government of the SPD and the Greens
Policies: phase out nuclear power, fund renewable energies, institute civil unions which enabled same-sex partners to enter into a civil union, and liberalize naturalization law |
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SPD
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Social Democrat Part: center-left party; started in 1875 and hated by Bismarck; in 1880s effectively turned Germany into the first welfare state; Germany's oldest political party; used to primarly represent working class, now refocused on middle class
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CDU/CSU
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Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union of Bavaria-from Catholic and Protestant
Support- Business, middle class, women, rural; Angela Merkel Party head 2002, now Chancellor |
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PDS(Party of Democratic Socialism)
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Many Social Progressivist policies. For example, they want to legalize same-sex marriage, and they also want the state to grant better conditions for immigrants.
On June 16, 2007, the Left Party.PDS merged with WASG to form a unified party which will simply be called "The Left." |
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Horst Kohler
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current President of Germany; former head of the IMF
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Ossi and Wessi
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Two terms that have come into popular use to describe someone from East Germany (Ossi)or West Germany (Wessi); distinction more important amongst adults
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Basic Law (Grundgesetz)
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Established in 1949 as the de facto constitution of West Germany with the idea that it would eventually be replaced upon reunification; few amendments by mostly unchanged since reunification
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Chancellor
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very strong; voted in every 4 years by the Bundestag, generally the party head of the majority party; responsible for the main lines of gov't policy; chooses cabinent members
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Bundesrat
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somewhat powerful; represented by delegations from individual Lander
Absolute Veto- for bills that affect Lander (60%) Suspensive veto- matched by Bundestag |
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Bundestag
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lower house of German parliament; around 600 members; majority produces government; bills are created in Bundestag committee sessions and then moved to the floor where they are voted on
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Landtag
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the name of state legislatures in Germany
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die Grunen (Green)
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- will form coalitions with SPD
- wants to phase out nuclear power plants - institute and eco-tax on gasoline |
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Free Democratic Party(FDP)
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small European liberal party- free market, more individual choice, free society, less government
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“two-plus” party system
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two big parties and several smaller ones- CDU/CSU and SPD are the two bigger parties with FDP, Green among the smaller ones
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German Democratic Republic
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also known as East Germany form 1949-1990; under Soviet Occupation; East Berlin was its capital
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positive or constructive vote of no confidence
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Parliament must vote in a new cabinet when ousting the current one
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5% electoral rule(threshold clause)
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in order for a party to get seats it needs to win 5% of the vote nationwide; keeps out extremist groups; party still gets single-member constituency seat wins
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social market economy (Sozialmarkt)
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seeks a middle path between socialism and capitalism (i.e. a mixed economy); first started in Western Germany
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Konrad Adenauer
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chancellor of the first republic of Germany; chairman of the CDU; set the precedent of the Chancellor being a very strong position
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Land pl. Laender
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Germany for state; laender is plural
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Joschka Fischer
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of the Green Party; German Foreign Minister under Schroder's coalition government; supported German participation in the Kosovo War; highly controversial b/c it would be the first time German soldiers actively particpated in combat and went against the Green party stance
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Gastarbeiter
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means guest worker in English; Germany needed workers and allowed migrants from other countries to come in; migrants have since settled but not been fully integrated into German society
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codetermination(Mitbestimmung)
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employees have a say in how their company is run; have an equal share in choosing the supervisory board with the shareholders of larger companies
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burgerinitiativen (citizen initiatives)
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community formed from the population, which organizes due to a concrete cause in its political or social environment self-help and thus possibly exerts influence on the public opinion, on state institutions, parties or other social groupings
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Angela Merkel
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head of the CDU and current Chancellor of Germany; has had trouble passing reforms (healthcare) w/o CDU/CSU majority in parliament
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Edmund Stoiber
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head of the CSU and minister-president of the state of Bavaria
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Adolf Hitler
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used propoganda and charisma to get the backing of lower and middle class on economic needs; led Germany into WW2; sought to create a master race; led the ousting of the Weimar Republic for a dictatorship
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The National Diet
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Japan's legislature. It consists of two houses: the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors; responsible for selecting the Prime Minister
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Daimyo
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leading figures of such clans, also called "lord"; most powerful feudal rulers from the 10th century to the 19th century in Japan
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Shogun
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"supreme general of the samurai"; the head of the government during "Warrior Japan 1185-1868"
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Iron Triangle
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who has the power in Japan; bureaucracy, political parties, and businesses
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zaibatsu
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zaibJapanese term referring to the "financial cliques," or business conglomerates, whose influence and size allowed for control over significant parts of the Japanese economy throughout the Edo and Meiji periodsatsu; family controlled
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keiretsu
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aligned companies that worked together; less family control than zaibatsu; a lot of coordination between shipping and banking companies
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Multimember constituency
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system in which multiple representative are elected from a single constituency
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Hirohito
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convinced Japanese leaders to submit a surrender; accepted the terms of MacArthur and denounced his divine right to rule
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Junichiro Koizumi
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member of LDP who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006; deployed self-defense force to Iraq for non-combat role; led Japan through a banking crisis
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Douglas MacArthur
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accepted Japanese surrender in WW2; made a lasting impact by instituting sweeping reforms in the mold of America including a new democratic constituion
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Ministry of Economics, Trade and Industry (METI) formerly MITI
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control foreign investment, ownership and participation in business ventures; control Law
gave MITI right to control foreign exchange and to influence corporate decision making |
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House of Councillors
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upper house; serve 6 year terms; can reject a bill but can be overrided by lower house; cannoted be dissolved early
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House of Representatives
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lower house; has the power to override the House of Councilors; can be dissolved early; 4 year terms
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Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
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stranglehold on Japanese politics; seen as an electoral alignment by many people during election time to share resources
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Social Democratic Party of Japan(formerly Socialist Party)
Democratic Party |
"half party"; now a very weak third party; formed a coalition with LDP to put a JSP PM in power from '94-'96, unpopular move, seen as a sellout
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Democratic Party
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second largest party and main opposition party; most centrist Japanese party; gains much of its support from blue-collar workers and also from the liberal middle class
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Art 9 of Japan’s Constitution
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forbids Japan to have a military force; has been bent to allow for a self-defense force
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SCAP (Supreme Commander of Allied Powers)
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title for General MacArthur during the American occupation of Japan
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Komeito/New Komeito
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an offshoot party from the Soka Gakkai Buddhist movements; treat human life with the utmost respect
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Shinto
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native religion and once state religion of Japan; worships Kami (spirits)
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Akihito, Heisei Emperor
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126th in an unbroken line; current emperor of Japan
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Dominant Party System
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currently in place in Japan with the Liberal Democratic Party has stayed in power for decades; shrugged off a brief scare from the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ)
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Tokugawa Period (Shogunate)
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had a strict caste system in place; the top military leader was the ruler of Japan; protofeudalism developed with estates becoming slightly more independent
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Meiji Restoration
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clans overthrow shogunate in the name of the young emperor; led to the rapid modernization of japan and the growth of its military prowess
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Taisho Democracy
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coincides with the reign of Taisho; Taisho's weak health led to power being shifted from the old oligarchic group to the national Diet
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prefecture
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Japanese system of administrative subdivisions; has 47 prefectures
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developmental state
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status after WWII?
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Northern Territories Issue
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4 islands north of Hokkaido, currently occupied by Russia which Japan views as an illegal occupation
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Self-Defense Force
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establishment of a force to protect against invasion; takes part in peacekeeping; less than 1% of GDP
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Shinzo Abe
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current P.M. of Japan; has a hard stance against North Korea; seeks to continue Koizumi's policy
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