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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is deformation?
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Permanent changes in shape, size, and location of a rock
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What are the most common types of deformation?
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Faults and Folds
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How do rocks become deformed?
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Through application of different stress (forces) applies to rocks
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What are the three major tectonic forces?
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Compressive
Tensional Shearing |
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what are the three major tectonic characteristics, and in what tectonic setting are can they be found ?
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Compressive - Squeezes, shortens rocks (found at convergent boundaries)
Tensional - Stretched and pull rocks apart (found at divergent boundaries) Shearing - Pushing two sides of rocks in opposite directions (found at transform fault boundaries) |
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What are brittle and ductile deformation, and where in the crust are those two types of
deformation likely to be found? Why? |
Brittle - Rocks break of fracture occurs near surface of earth (where there is low pressure and low temp)
Ductile - Solid state flows as plastic material occurs deep in crust (high temp and high press.) |
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What is a fault?
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Fractures in crust along which rocks are displaced
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What is the difference between a fault and joint?
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Fault there is movement but in joint there is no movement
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What's a normal fault? Reverse fault? Strike slip fault?
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Normal - One fault rock moved down relative to other side
Reverse - 1 side move up relative to other Strike Slip - 2 sides of fault move past each other, parallel to fault surface |
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What is a fold?
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The shape a rock takes after it is bent into a cure shape
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What sort of stresses cause folds?
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Great amount of stress is what causes folds
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What factors control whether a rock folds or breaks?
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Amount of pressure, strength of rocks, amount of stress applied, length of time forces are applied
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What is an anticline? What is a syncline? Dome? Basin?
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Anticline - (upfolded/arch) oldest rock in core of fold
Syncline -(downfold/trough) youngest rocks in core of fault Limbs - (arms) 2 sides of fold |
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Know that oldest rocks are found in core of anticline, youngest in core of
syncline (probably a test question here) |
Know that oldest rocks are found in core of anticline, youngest in core of
syncline (probably a test question here) |
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What are the limbs of a fold?
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(arms) 2 sides of fold. Each fold has 2 limbs. Folds can be symmetrical, a symmatrical horizontal or plunging
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What is a hogback and how does it form?
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Narrow, sharp created ridge formed steeply dipping beds or layer of resistant rocks. Formed where rock is folded and 1 layer is more resistant to erosion than surrounding layers
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What are the three main types of faults?
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Normal
Reverse (or thrust) Strike slip |
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What is footwall vs. hangingwall with respect to faults?
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Hangingwall - Appear above you
Footwall - appear by your feet |
