Geology 1330 Exam 1

Front 1

What is Science?

Back 1

a way of thinking in the pursuit of understanding nature

a way of investigating claims about natural phenomenon

a body of knowledge resulting from scientific inquiry

Front 2

Induction

Back 2

Making generalizations from specific observations

Front 3

Deduction

Back 3

Making predictions from existing generalizations

Front 4

Scientific Data

Back 4

Representative and unbiased

Reproducible

Observational or experimental

If repeatedly confirmed, It is a scientific fact

Front 5

Hypothesis Must Be?

Back 5

Able to predict future observations

Falsifiable it must be able to be proven wrong

Front 6

Theory

Back 6

A well tested and widely accepted view that scientist agree best explain certain observational Acts

Like the hypotheses from which it grew, it must also be testable and falsifiable

Front 7

Scientific Revolutions

Back 7

Ruling Paradigms- the set of theories generally agreed upon by scientists in a given discipline

Conflict develops as observations cant be explained by existing theories

A new paradigm is proposed

Conflict arises between the old paradigm and the new paradigm

The new paradigm eventually takes over, to become the new ruling paradigm

Front 8

Catastrophism

Back 8

All of earth's features were produced by a few great, sudden, catastrophic events

These events occurred relatively recently, and they were the direct results of god's will

Front 9

Plutonists vs. Neptunists

Back 9

Neptunists: all rocks form from the precipitation from water

Plutonist: all rocks form from the cooling of magma

Front 10

James Hutton

Back 10

Published "Theory of the Earth"

Principle of Uniformiatrianism

Rock Cycle, Ect, ect, ect

Front 11

Uniformitarianism

Back 11

The processes that have shaped the earth in the geological past are essntially the same as those operating today

Front 12

The Rock Cycle: Know the three main rock groups and how they form.

Back 12

Front 13

The Rock Cycle: Know the three main rock groups and how they form.

Back 13

Front 14

How old is the earth

Back 14

4.53 billion years old

Front 15

Precambrian (including approximate age and major events)

Back 15

540 million years to 4.53 billion years

88% of earth's history

Front 16

Phanerozoic

Back 16

0- 540 million years

Three major time parts
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic

Organisms began to have hard parts; therefore they can be preserved

Front 17

Compositional Structures

Back 17

Front 18

Physical Properties

Back 18

Front 19

Internal heat engines

Back 19

geothermal heat, this drives the formation of volcanoes, mountain belts, the continents and the ocean basin

Front 20

External Heat engine

Back 20

The sun- it drives the earths fluid envelopes

Front 21

Alfred Wegener

Back 21

Front 22

Evidence of Continetal drift

Back 22

Geometric fit of the continents
Geologic matches
Fossil matches
Paleo-climatic evidence

Front 23

Where are the world’s longest mountain chains located?

Back 23

Mid Ocean Ridges (in the ocean

Front 24

Harry Hess

Back 24

Sea Floor spreading

Front 25

Sea-Floor Spreading (and how it differs from continental drift)

Back 25

sea floor formed at mid ocean ridges
sea floor consumed at trenches
Process driven by convection in the mantle

Front 26

Magnetic inclination and how it varies with latitude.

Back 26

Magnetic inclination: angle made between the magnetic field and horizontal

Magnetic declination: horizontal angle between magnetic north and true north

Front 27

Apparent Polar Wandering Curves

Back 27

It relates back to Pangea

Front 28

Magnetic Reversals

Back 28

The flipping of the magnetic field as seen in the geomagnetic time scale

Front 29

Geomagnetic time scale

Back 29

used to date time when the field has flipped more then once

Front 30

Magnetic Stripes (what are they and how do they form?)

Back 30

symmetrical around the axis of a ridge