Geography Year 9

Front 1

Geomorphic

Back 1

Above the ground

Front 2

Geological

Back 2

Inside the earth

Front 3

What the Earth's crust is made up of

Back 3

nine large plates and about a dozen smaller ones. These contain oceans and continents.

Front 4

Continental (tectonic) plates

Back 4

Large areas of the Earth's crust which 'float' on the dense layer of rock below.

Front 5

Continents

Back 5

The main landmasses of the Earth

Front 6

180 million years ago

Back 6

Gondwanaland in the south begins to break up. Antartica-Australia and India become isolated.

Front 7

65 million years ago

Back 7

South America moves north and west. Australia remains connected to Antarctica.

Front 8

Gondwanaland

Back 8

An ancient continent that was Australia and all other landmasses joined together.

Front 9

What currents in the liquid rock which lies below the continents caused.

Back 9

The plates to move, taking the continents with. This resulted in the continents moving slowly in different directions.

Front 10

50 million years ago

Back 10

Australia began to split from Antarctica

Front 11

Where to find lines of latitude and longitude

Back 11

Maps in an atlas

Front 12

What lines of latitude and longitude are used for

Back 12

to help us find the exact location of places

Front 13

Longitude

Back 13

Imaginary lines which run in a north-south direction from the North Pole to the South Pole. The lines are also called meridians of longitude.

Front 14

The most important line of longitude

Back 14

The Greenwich or Prime, Meridian. This line runs through the Greenwich Observatory in London and halves the earth into the Eastern and Western Hemisphere.

Front 15

Lattitude

Back 15

Imaginary lines drawn around the Earth from east to west. Each line run parallel to the others and is measured in degrees.

Front 16

other name for latitude

Back 16

parallels of latitude because they run parallel to each other

Front 17

most important line of latitude

Back 17

Equator (0 degrees).

Front 18

Equator

Back 18

Divides the Earth into two halves: the Northern hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

Front 19

Intersection of the lines of latitude and longitude

Back 19

pinpoint any destination on the Earth's surface using a grid pattern

Front 20

Minutes

Back 20

A degree of longitude or latitude further divided into sixty small sections to help pinpoint locations.

Front 21

36.46S 144.17E

Back 21

36 degrees and 46 minutes south of the Equator. Its longitude is 144 degrees and 17 minutes east of the Prime Meridian

Front 22

Where Australia is located

Back 22

in the Southern Hemisphere, between latitudes 10oS and 44oS and between longitudes 113oE and 154oE

Front 23

Australia

Back 23

One of the seven continents of the world. It is the only continent that consists of one country. It is the world's driest inhabited continent.

Front 24

Australia's coastline

Back 24

25 700km in length, with only Russia, Canada, Greenland and Indonesia having longer coasts. The long coastline is difficult to patrol for illegal goods and immigrants, particularly the uninhabited regions on the north and west coasts.

Front 25

Australia's size

Back 25

3690 kilometres from north to south. 4000 kilometres from east to west, covering three different time zones.

Front 26

Australia's climate

Back 26

Ranging from a hot, humid tropical climate to cool climates and highland winter in the south

Front 27

Australia's landscape

Back 27

It is one of the lowest, flattest and dries landmasses in the world.

Front 28

Climate

Back 28

The weather conditions prevailing in an area or over a long period

Front 29

Temperate

Back 29

Neither hot or cold. This climate type in found in the southern and south-eastern coastal zones. Melbourne and Adelaide have a temperate climate.

Front 30

Tropical

Back 30

Hot and humid.

Front 31

Subtropical

Back 31

Warm dry summer and cool dry winter.

Front 32

Weather

Back 32

The state of the atmosphere at a place and time

Front 33

Natural Hazard

Back 33

Those elements of the physical environment, harmful to man and caused by forces extraneous to him

Front 34

Economic impacts

Back 34

A financial effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person.

Front 35

Social impacts

Back 35

The effect on various people that happen as a result of an action, activity, project, programme or policy

Front 36

Environmental impacts

Back 36

Possible adverse effects caused by a development, industrial, or infrastructural project or by the release of a substance in the environment.

Front 37

High pressure systems

Back 37

Atmospheric circulations that rotate anti-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

Front 38

Low pressure systems

Back 38

Regions of rising air. Clouds, rain and strong winds often occur in these regions.

Front 39

Isobars

Back 39

A line on a weather map connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure

Front 40

Hectopascals

Back 40

Numbers in the isobars that are used to measure atmospheric pressure.

Front 41

Cyclone

Back 41

An atmospheric system characterized by the rapid inward circulation of air masses about a low-pressure center, usually accompanied by stormy, often destructive weather. Cyclones circulate counter clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

Front 42

Earthquakes

Back 42

A sudden movement of the earth's crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along geologic faults or by volcanic activity.

Front 43

Volcanoes

Back 43

An opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, ash and gases are ejected

Front 44

Pangaea

Back 44

A hypothetical supercontinent that included all the landmasses of the earth before the Triassic Period. Pangaea broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods, separating into Laurasia and Gondwanaland.

Front 45

Continental Drift

Back 45

The theory that the earth's continents move gradually over the surface of the planet on a substratum of magma. The present-day configuration of the continents is thought to be the result of the fragmentation of a single landmass, Pangaea, that existed 200 million years ago.

Front 46

Cold front

Back 46

Separates warm and cold air, with the cold air behind the front. Fall in temperature, may bring rain and storms. Front moves in the direction of the arrowhead.

Front 47

Warm front

Back 47

Separates warm and cold air, with the warm air behind the front. Increase in temperature; may bring light showers. Uncommon in Australia.

Front 48

Location of tropical regions

Back 48

North of Australia. Central and northern parts of the Northern Territory and Queensland and the northern parts of Western Australia.

Front 49

Location of the subtopical zone

Back 49

Eastern coastline from Coff's Harbour in northern NSW, Brisbane and north to Mackay. In WA it is approximately the coastline north of Exmouth to Broome and inland to Hall Creek.