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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nature and origins of conflict |
Ethnicity Culture Resources Territory Ideology Identity (nationalism, regionalism, localism) |
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Patterns of conflict |
International National Regional Local |
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Expressions of conflict |
Non-violent, political activity, debate, terrorism, insurrection, war |
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Conflict resolution |
Planning process (local) Governemnt can use regulation on local and regional UN (national/international)
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Conflict over local resource -HS2 |
Reasons: HS2 will cut through a lot of houses and villages, cost £55bn, link London and Birmingham, and then extends to North West England. Stop HS2 group vs Government |
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Hs2 part ii, resolving the conflict |
National/Local planning framework E.g chilton tunnel extension to avoid visual pollution and ruining an ancient area |
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Hs2 part iii recognition who benefits who loses |
Adv - fast service briding North south divide, 26,000 off roads per hour, reduce congestion and air pollition, Relieve heathrow as more people go to Birmingham Airport Dis - destroys 314 grade 1 and 2 properties, e.g packinton Moore farm loses 15/19 of its farm buildings (family business for generations), cost £55bn, doesnt pay for noise pollution/vibration. Winners - tourism companies, business men, government, drivers Losers - home owners affected, housing markets in some areas will fall, oppertunity cost/ debt |
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Geographical impacts of international conflicts - Afghanistan |
Social issues, 26,000 civilians dird, thousands forced to flee, taliban denied supplies from to UN to 160,000 people, taliban use scorched earth policy, women 2nd class citizens, starvation |
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Afghanistan part ii |
Economic issues - 25% farmland, 43% property destroyed, 76% of people forced to leave with 21% being tortured, only 1% paid compensation, donors have spent $13bn in an attemtp to rebuild the country |
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Afghanistan part iii |
Environmental issues- disruption to water supply as 60% of clean water lost due to leaks from war, contamination of water sources due to sewage being washed into rivers, |
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An alternative - darfur region Sudan |
North Normadic farmers vs Sedentary arable black farmers in the west Social - 300,000 died, insurgency groups fighting(e.g janjaweed), 2.7 million fled Economic - loss of industry, $50 bn lost in GDP, have to spend $30bn to peace keep Environmental - migration routes if anmials blocked leading to overgrazing, deforestation (1% per anum), over 1000 hectres of land burned |
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The challenges of multicultural soc in U.K |
Reasons: A8 countries joining in 2004 (EU enlargement) led to 650,000 poles moving to the UK by 2013, many enclaves in London due to a lot of jobs |
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Distribution of cultural groups |
Migrant populations are highly urbanised, due to preferences and access of jobs. E.G in London is where 78% of UK black africans live. |
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Issues of multi cultural soc. |
Adv - migrants bring investment and business links, can fill unwanted jobs, increase working population, leads to a better unserstanding of different cultures, 12% of UK's working population is migrants Dis - protest groups from opposing views on migration, ethnic tension and violence, some enclaves are socially isolated, impact of migration not evenly spread, greater demand for housing leads to higher prices |
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Nature of seperatism |
When the people of a region feel alienated from central government, they often seek to gain more political control. Such groups may have a different language (Basque Community) or have a drive for economic independence (Scotland controlling 80% of UK oil reserves) |
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Reasons for seperatism |
Basque - one of the richest areas in spain with its own industry and fishing ports as well as wealthy banks, miss treated in history by previous leaders like General Franco who allowed the Luftwaffle to practice bombing on them Scotland - owns 80% of UK oil and gas, lack of political power, large wiskey industry, would be 34th bigfest exporter if independent |
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Consequences of seperatism |
Basque - terrorist violence with the ETA especially in 1959, with assassignations and bombing leading to 386 deaths however less violent nowadays, bow the autonomy to decide many of its own affairs Scotland - the growth of seperate political parties and devolved power (SNP) leading to a referendum with 44.7% saying yes |
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The global distibution of poverty |
The North-South Divide Except Australia, the Northern countries tend to be more developed than those in the southern Hemisphere, the distribution of income and wealth is also better in the North with higher life expectancy and less poverty cycles |
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Causes of global poverty |
Global debt as banks lend developing countries money for projects which they then cant pay back (Zimbabwe copper), lack of investment, strained food sources |
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Addressing poverty on a global scale |
HIPC initiative (Highly indebted poor countries) contains atleast 38 countries helped to reduce debt by IMF and World Bank, 18 of these countries had their debt cancelled ($40bn) however they had to meet conditions: each gov had to demonstrate good financial management, the money saved had to spent on poverty reduction, education and healthcare |
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Addressing poverty on a global scale 2 |
8 MDG's agreed (UN) to provide development targets for the world to reach by 2015, however they have just been re-done due to some being too generalised and couldnt be met Bangladesh example - sustained growth (6%), more gender equality, still some mortality but reduced, diseases like Aids reduced to 0.1%, wage equality still bad however more women working |
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No development without security |
Afghanistan - terrorist groups like taliban reducing equality, attacking schools, aid workers killed, imaamas spread contraception threatened, "Afghanistan is like a child factory" (gaurdian) with the taliban promoting no contraception |
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No security without development |
Development empowers women who could join the armed forces, need more people trained for better security with more investment helping as well, a well paid and trained gov leads to a good military, alternstives to opium cultivators away from fear snd control from terrorism |
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MDG examples |
1. Eradicate poverty, full employment and decent work for all, halfvong thr proportion of people starving 2. Achieve universal primary education, ensuring all kids complete it 3. Promote gender equality, 6.Combat diseases like aids |
