Geo Test 2

Front 1

What is the boundary between two unlike air masses called? What cloud and
precipitation types are associated with cold fronts? What cloud and precipitation types
are associated with warm fronts?

Back 1

Cold Fronts: Vertical clouds, Cunombilus clouds, intense but short precipitation

Warm fronts: lower clouds, attocumulus clouds/altostratus, broad but gentle rain

Front 2

Do hurricanes form over cold or warm water? Are hurricanes associated with moist or
dry air? What happens to hurricanes when they pass over cold water or land? What
effect of a hurricane usually causes the most damage along coastlines?

Back 2

-Warm water

-Moist air

-They lose their power and die out.

-Storm surge flooding

Front 3

What area of the world has the highest concentration of tornadoes,
“nickname” of that area? Which has a steeper pressure gradient from outside the
system to inside the system – hurricanes or tornadoes? Does steeper pressure gradient
equal lower or higher wind speeds?

Back 3

-US Midwest, Tornado Alley

-Tornadoes have steeper pressure gradient

-Higher wind speeds

Front 4

What two weather variables does the Koppen climate classification system use?

Back 4

-Temperature & Precipitation

Front 5

What rock type is formed by the cooling of magma/lava?

Back 5

-Igneous Rocks

Front 6

What rock type is formed by material being deposited in layers and
compacted/cemented?

Back 6

-Sedimentary Rocks

Front 7

What rock type is formed by heat/pressure that changes the source rock’s crystal
structure?

Back 7

-Metamorphic Rocks

Front 8

Be able to identify on a diagram each region of Earth’s interior (mantle, inner core,
crust, outer core).

Back 8

Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core

Front 9

At what type of plate boundary is new crust material being created?

Back 9

-Divergent is "constructive"

Front 10

Is a continental plate more or less dense than an oceanic plate? As a result of this
different in density, when continental and oceanic plates converge, which one gets
subducted (goes underneath) and which one stays on top?

Back 10

-Ocean plates more dense, subduct/sink

-Continental stays on top.

Front 11

What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault, which runs through California?

Back 11

-Transform

Front 12

What process created the Hawaiian Islands?

Back 12

-Plate tectonics "Hot Spots"

Front 13

At what type of plate boundary is old crust subducted and recycled?

Back 13

-Convergent

Front 14

Which volcano type is associated with mostly explosive (pyroclastic) eruptions?

Back 14

-Cinder Cones

Front 15

Which volcano type is associated with mostly non-explosive (lava flow) eruptions?

Back 15

-Shield Volcanoes

Front 16

Which volcano type is associated with mixed eruptions of both explosive (pyroclastic)
and non-explosive (lava flow) eruptions?

Back 16

-Composite Volcanoes

Front 17

What is molten (liquid) rock called when underground – magma or lava? What is molten
(liquid) rock called when above ground – magma or lava?

Back 17

-Above: Lava

-Below: Magma

Front 18

What is a caldera?

Back 18

a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption.

Front 19

What is the definition of folding? Is this considered plastic or brittle deformation?

Back 19

-When crystal rocks are stressed, lateral compression deforms by bending in folding process.

-Plastic process

Front 20

On a diagram of a folded landscape, be able to identify a syncline, anticline, and a
monocline.

Back 20

-Monocline: 1 sided fold; connects 2 levels

-Syncline: Simple downfold

-Anticline: Simple symmetrical upfold

Front 21

In relatively “young” folded landscapes does topography usually match the underlying
geologic structure? In relatively “old” folded landscapes does topography usually match
the underlying geologic structure?

Back 21

-

Front 22

What is the definition of faulting? Is this considered plastic or brittle deformation?

Back 22

-When rock is broken with accompanying displacement (movement on 1 or both sides of break).

-Usually takes place along weak crust.

-Brittle deformations.

Front 23

Which fault type is associated with horizontal movement? What is offset drainage?

Back 23

-Stroke-slip faults

-Offset drainage: Streams flowing across faults are displaced by periodic fault movement or diverted when shutter ridge is faulted in front of drainage channel.

Front 24

Is a normal fault associated with compressional or extensional stress? What is a scarp?

Back 24

-Extensional stress

-Scarp: Steep inclined fault zone, upper block slides down fault plane normal to sense of "gravity".