Geo

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Meseta

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Meseta (Spanish for "plateau") may refer to: Mesa, a geological plateau. Meseta Central ("Inner Plateau"), the high plains of central Spain.

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Fjord

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a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, as in Norway and Iceland, typically formed by submergence of a glaciated valley.

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North Atlantic Drift

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the warm ocean current flowing northeast, under the influence of prevailing winds, from the Gulf of Mexico towards NW Europe

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Mistral

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a strong, cold northwesterly wind that blows through the Rhône valley and southern France into the Mediterranean, mainly in winter.

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Sirocco

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a hot wind, often dusty or rainy, blowing from North Africa across the Mediterranean to southern Europe.

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CityState

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a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.

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Republic

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a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

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Crusades

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a medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.

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Balkanization

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a pejorative geopolitical term, originally used to describe the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or non cooperative with one another.

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Reformation

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a 16th century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches.

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Feudalism

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the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

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Nationalism

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patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.

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Cultural Crossroads

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A cultural crossroad is where many cultures meet and merge

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Parliament

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the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.

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Renaissance

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The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from roughly the fourteenth through the middle of the seventeenth centuries, based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome.

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Natural Gas

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flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground (often in association with petroleum) and used as fuel.

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Crude Oil

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unrefined petroleum.

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Nonrenewable Resource

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A resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption

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Renewable resources

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Resources that can be renewed

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Geothermal Energy

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Energy created from heat in the Earth

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Impermeable Rock

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Relating to a material through which substances, such as liquids or gases, cannot pass

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Urban hierarchy

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ranks each city based on the size of population residing within the nationally defined statistical urban area.

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Shantytowns

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a deprived area on the outskirts of a town consisting of large numbers of crude dwellings.

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Water Stress

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a situation where the availability of water is major constraint on human activity

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Potable

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safe to drink; drinkable.

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Freshwater

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of or found in fresh water; not of the sea.

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Salt Water

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of or found in saltwater; living in the sea.

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Groundwater

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water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.

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Wastewater

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any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. Wastewater can originate from a combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or stormwater, and from sewer inflow or infiltration.

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Oil Reserves

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the amount of technically and economically recoverable oil

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Monsoons

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a seasonal prevailing wind in the region of South and Southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain

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Downwind

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in the same direction towards which the wind is blowing; with the wind from behind

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Deforestation

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to cut down and clear away the trees or forests from.

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Standard of living

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the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community.

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Developing country

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a poor agricultural country that is seeking to become more advanced economically and socially.

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Outsource

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obtain (goods or a service) from an outside or foreign supplier, especially in place of an internal source.

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Delta

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a triangular tract of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river, typically where it diverges into several outlets.

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Illiterate

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Cannot read or write

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Upwind

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Wind blowing up

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Cost of living

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the level of prices relating to a range of everyday items.

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Famine

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Lack of food

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Subterranean

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existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

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Zero population growth

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No growth in population yearly

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Basins

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the tract of country that is drained by a river and its tributaries or drains into a lake or sea.

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Floodplains

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an area of low lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding.

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Terracing

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make or form (sloping land) into a number of level flat areas resembling a series of steps.

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Ecosystem

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a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

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Habitats

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the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

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Tsunamis

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a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.

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Rate of natural increase

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the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year, divided by the mid year population of that year, multiplied by a factor (usually 1,000). It is equal to the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.