General Facts: Cell Reproduction

Front 1

______ is just one part of cell reproduction

Back 1

Mitosis

Front 2

Mitosis is the set of events that occur within the ________ of the cell.

Back 2

Nuclear region

Front 3

______ is the phase of cell reproduction where the nuclear region splits in two.

Back 3

Telophase

Front 4

______ is the phase of cell reproduction where the entire cell splits in two.

Back 4

Cytokinesis

Front 5

Interphase is the _____ phase of cell reproduction

Back 5

Longest

Front 6

Prophase is the longest phase of ________

Back 6

Mitosis

Front 7

Telophase is the ______ phase of Mitosis

Back 7

Last

Front 8

Cytokinesis is the last phase of ________

Back 8

Cell reproduction

Front 9

Everything inside the cell is in the process of ______ during interphase

Back 9

doubling

Front 10

We can first _____ (under the microscope) the doubled chromatids during prophase. They doubled during interphase

Back 10

See

Front 11

____ is a surveillance protein. It analyzes DNA and if everything is ok, it will allow RB to be phosphorylated, which will lead to the process of cell reproduction.

Back 11

p53

Front 12

If there appears to be DNA error, p53 will stop phosphorylation of RB. Cell reproduction will not be initiated and the cell will remain in _____

Back 12

G1

Front 13

Many times, a cancerous cell will exhibit a DNA error. P53 will recognize this and ___________________ of RB and the cancerous cell will die.

Back 13

Phosphorylation

Front 14

If p53 is inhibited, a cancerous cell will not be recognized and therefore:

Back 14

Phosphorylation will continue and the cell will proceed through cell reproduction perpetuating the DNA error (in this case, perpetuating cancer.)

Front 15

If the p53 gene is inhibited, it cannot produce Thrombospondin and therefore cannot control:

Back 15

Angiogenesis

Front 16

More angiogenesis represents more ____ for the cancerous cells

Back 16

food

Front 17

Our body inadvertently feeds

Back 17

cancer cells

Front 18

Most cancer cells have the same _____ or ______ as normal cell have, and therefore the body does not recognize the abnormal cells, and therefore, feeds them

Back 18

glycolipid or glycoprotein

Front 19

All cells of the body have the RB protein (produced by the RB gene) even though it is called ______. It was first discovered in the retina of the eyes of children with eye cancer.

Back 19

retinoblastoma

Front 20

The RB gene is located on

Back 20

chromosome number 13

Front 21

The p53 gene is located on

Back 21

chromosome number 17

Front 22

If a patient who is undergoing chemotherapy treatment cuts their finger, the wound will be slow to heal because:

Back 22

in order to heal the wound, cells in the skin have to undergo reproduction

Front 23

Doctors will tell a patient who is undergoing chemotherapy treatment to try not to be around others who are infected with a pathogen of some sort. If the patient becomes ill with a pathogen:

Back 23

the leukocytes (2nd line of defense cells) must reproduce to fight the infection. They can't reproduce due to the chemotherapy treatment.

Front 24

Many times, the doctor will tell the patient who is undergoing chemotherapy treatment that their:

Back 24

immune system will be depressed. The patient is immuncompromised

Front 25

Another way to possibly treat cancer would be to:

Back 25

repair the p53 gene

Front 26

Another way to possibly treat cancer would be to:

Back 26

increase thrombospondin, which in turn will control angiogenesis

Front 27

The body does not recognize cancerous cells as foreign cells because they have the same

Back 27

identifiable glycolipids or glycoproteins as other cells in the body

Front 28

Another way to possibly treat cancer would be to:

Back 28

tag the cancerous cells, thereby changing their identifiable markers making them appear to be foreign

Front 29

There are numerous things that deactivate p53 gene

Back 29

which might allow cells to become cancerous

Front 30

Some sources indicate that:

Back 30

50% of all cancers are associated with mutations in the p53 gene

Front 31

Liver cancer

Back 31

20% p53 mutation occurrence

Front 32

Breast cancer

Back 32

20% p53 mutation occurrence

Front 33

Prostate cancer

Back 33

10-30% p53 mutation occurrence

Front 34

Lung cancer

Back 34

70% p53 mutation occurrence

Front 35

Pancreatic cancer

Back 35

90% p53 mutation occcurrence

Front 36

Terminal ends of DNA consist of units called

Back 36

telomeres

Front 37

Telomeres are formed by the enzyme

Back 37

Telomerase

Front 38

As we age, telomerase becomes inactive and telomeres become less and less

Back 38

DNA stops being protected and the cells stop dividing

Front 39

90% of cancerous cells have had

Back 39

reactivated telomerase