General Elective- Ethics Ii

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A way of life

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Ethics came from the Greek word Ethos meaning _____.

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Ethics

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A study of human custom

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Mos (plural: mores)

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The latin equivalant for Ethics is

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1. Live and actualize our human nature.

2. To live life with moral integrity

3. Do tasks rightly as professionals

4. Help build a strong foundation in society. (Morality as a standard of behavior)

5. Enables us to confront moral problems and dilemmas

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Importance of Ethics

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Ideal- state or process of human perfection

Documentary- the recorded body of human thought and experience

Social- a particular way of life

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Three definition of Culture

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Social definition

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Serves as basis for the relationship between culture and ethics

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Customs

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Morality in latin is called Mores meaning

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Ethical Relativism

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Moral rightness and wrongness of actions varies from society to society and there is no universal moral standards

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Cultural Relativism

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There are many values are there are cultures. There are many cultures as there are people. Different cultures have different values.

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Culture Shock

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A sudden change in the way of life

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Ruth Benedict's Ethical Relativism

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Ethical and moral values are just really convenient terms for socially approved habits.

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Ethical Relativism

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Dependent on the normal-abnormal categories of society, which show social acceptability in relation to what is good and bad in a given culture

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Morality

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Refers to the uprightness of the self imposed act

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Human act

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An act done with full willingness and knowledge and thorough deliberation.

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Act of man

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An act done without the permission of the will

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A thinking being

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Ens rationale means

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Aristotle

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The philosopher who believes that man can find the concept of the good embedded in his rational nature

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Freedom

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It means being relieved from all kinds of ascendancy or domination; a release of coercion or confinement

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Freedom of

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Also known as the "freedom of the self," it is a way to express "self rule" or defiance from lifes series of impositions, burdens, and obligations.

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Freedom from

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It entails exemption from any form of unjustified, unnecessary, excessive, or unwarranted intervention by any person or power of influence

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Freedom to

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Also referred to as "political freedom" it calls upon the practice of definite individual rights, civil or constitutional.

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Freedom for

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Referred to as cooperative freedom, stipulates a well-thought out principle not just for a few individuals, but for everybody.

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Immanuel Kant

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The philosopher who believes that freedom is a presupposition of responsibility

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Thomas Aquinas

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An Italian christian theologian and a philosopher, who believes that freedom comes before deliberation.

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Intention, Deliberation, Choice

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Three stages of Moral Freedom according to Aquinas

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Intention

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The person determines the end to be accomplished.

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Deliberation

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The person devises a plan and considers the choices carefully.

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Choice

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The person finally makes a decision

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Ethics

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The science of accountability

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Pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional

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Three levels of moral development

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Stage 1

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The stage where one considers ones own satisfaction

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Stage 2

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The stage characterize by ones willingness to compromise with others for mutual benefit.

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Stage 3

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The stage where one follows the rule blindly for social acceptance

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Stage 4

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This stage allows changing the rules as need in situation to maintain social order

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Stage 5

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The stage that tends to be situational and utilitarian

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Stage 6

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The stage that makes judgement according to universal moral principles

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1. Gather the facts

2. Determine the ethical issues

3. Identify the principles that have a bearing in the case

4. List the alternatives

5. Compare the alternatives with the principles

6. Weigh the consequences

7. Make a decision

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Seven steps of the moral reasoning model by Dr. William W. May

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To do good may take precedence over autonomy

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Principle of beneficence

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Character

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The qualities that makes one different from anyone else.

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Mark impressed upon a coin

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Character came from the greek word Charakter referring to a

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Character and Personality

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Consistent, observable traits

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Theatrical mask that actors wear in an Ancient Greek play

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Personality came from the latin word Persona meaning

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Consistency and Distinction

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Two fundamental features of personality

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Moral Character

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Refers to a persons moral identity

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Thinking/feeling dichotomy

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One key trait in the Myers Briggs Type Indicator

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Personality typing

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Desribes what a person prefers to be or do. It does not prescribe what one should do or be.

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Character

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Refers to an inner identity; it is not apways apparent.

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True

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Character cannot be measured. But Personality can. True or False

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Temperance

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Moderation in the desire for pleasure

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Generosity

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Managing resources

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Magnanimity

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The ideal character trait for Self esteem

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Courage

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The virtue that lies between rashness and cowardice

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Character

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Refers to what a person is, outward manifestations

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Virtues

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Called as the good character traits

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Courage

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The capacity to risk harm or danger to oneself

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Physical Courage

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The willingness to face danger in battles

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Andreia

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The greek word for manliness

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Psychological Courage

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Thriving in the face of physical and mental illness

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Moral Courage

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The willingness to act, in spite of danger or suffering, for a good purpose.

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Moral Courage

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Commitment to moral principles, an awareness of the danger involved in supporting those principles.

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Moral Courage

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The ability to think and act in spite of fear

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Moral Courage

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A function of a strong will

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Virtue Ethics

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A normative theory that concerns right disposition and character over right action