General And Special Senses

Front 1

Sensory reception

Back 1

The CNS interprets the nature of sensory information entirely on the basis of the area of the brain stimulated.

Front 2

The conscious awareness of a sensation is called

Back 2

perception

Front 3

The fading of a dominant odor some time after one enters a room is an example of experiencing

Back 3

sensory adaptation

Front 4

Nociceptor

Back 4

sensitive to pain; have large receptive fields

Front 5

The perception of pain coming from parts of the body that are not actually stimulated is called

Back 5

referred pain

Front 6

Temperature sensations are relayed

Back 6

along the same pathways that carry sensations of pain.

Front 7

Mechanoreceptors respond

Back 7

mechanical pressure or distortion

Front 8

Baroreceptors respond to

Back 8

changes in blood pressure

Front 9

Baroreceptors are found

Back 9

major blood vessels, lungs, digestive, and urinary tracts

Front 10

Proprioceptors respond to

Back 10

position, tension in tendons and ligaments, state of muscle contraction

Front 11

Proprioceptors examples

Back 11

Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints; the Golgi tendon organs

Front 12

proprioceptors ----------to constant stimulation

Back 12

do not adapt

Front 13

Chemoreceptors respond to

Back 13

chemical stimuli

Front 14

Chemoreceptors example

Back 14

Olfactory receptors

Front 15

Neurons in the respiratory centers of the brain that respond to pH are examples of

Back 15

Chemoreceptors

Front 16

Within the olfactory epithelium, which of the following are regenerative stem cells

Back 16

Olfactory epithelium

Front 17

Olfactory glands-

Back 17

produce a pigmented mucus that covers the olfactory epithelium

Front 18

Olfactory receptor cells

Back 18

highly modified neurons; with chemical receptors called odorant-binding proteins on the cilia

Front 19

------------ is the only sense that is NOT routed through the thalamus.

Back 19

Olfaction

Front 20

Olfaction is routed through

Back 20

the limbic system and the hypothalamus

Front 21

taste receptors are

Back 21

specialized epithelial cells

Front 22

Primary taste sensations 4 main (2 minor)

Back 22

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, Minor are umami and water.

Front 23

Humans are most sensitive to ------- taste

Back 23

bitter

Front 24

Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves

Back 24

VII, IX, and X

Front 25

The mechanism of gustatory reception vs. that of olfactory receptors?

Back 25

seems to parallel

Front 26

lacrimal caruncle

Back 26

A soft mass that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that produce thick secretions

Front 27

sebaceous glands in the eye that can become

infected

Back 27

sty

Front 28

lacrimal gland amount and function

Back 28

have a dozen or more ducts

secretes the tears and is superior and lateral to

the eyeball

Front 29

Inferior rectus

Back 29

is responsible for the eye looking down

Front 30

Medial rectus

Back 30

moves the eye toward the nose

Front 31

Superior rectus

Back 31

moves the eye upward

Front 32

Lateral rectus

Back 32

abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus

function is to bring the pupil away from the midline of the body

Front 33

Inferior oblique

Back 33

responsible for enabling the eye to roll, look up, and look laterally

Front 34

Superior oblique

Back 34

makes the eye look down and laterally

Front 35

The fibrous layer of the eye consists of the ------ and the -----.

Back 35

sclera and the cornea

Front 36

sclera

Back 36

white of the eye

Front 37

cornea

Back 37

transparent anterior portion of the fibrous layer of the eye

Front 38

Vascular Layer

Back 38

intermediate; structure of the eye contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

Front 39

iris

Back 39

portion of the eye that contains blood vessels, pigment cells, loose connective tissue, and intrinsic muscle fibers is the iris

Front 40

The photoreceptors of the retina are called

Back 40

rods and cones

Front 41

fovea centralis

Back 41

small, central pit composed of closely packed cones. It is located in the center of the macula lutea of the retina

Front 42

The highest concentration of cones is in

Back 42

fovea centralis

Front 43

There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to a different color wavelength of light

Back 43

red, blue, and green

Front 44

blind spot in the retina occurs at the

Back 44

optic disc (where the nerve cells exit the eye)

Front 45

where there are no photoreceptors on the retina

Back 45

blind spot

Front 46

anterior chamber of the eye

Back 46

space between the iris and the cornea

Front 47

posterior chamber of the eye

Back 47

pace between the suspensory ligaments and the iris ---vitreous humor is found here

Front 48

vitreous humor

Back 48

helps to stabilize the eye shape

Front 49

focuses the visual image on the photoreceptors by changing shape

Back 49

Lens

Front 50

shape of the lens is controlled by the

Back 50

suspensory ligaments

Front 51

When viewing an object in close distance, the lens should be ----------

Back 51

more rounded

Front 52

---------- helps to pull the lens into a more rounded shape

Back 52

ciliary muscle

Front 53

hyperopia

Back 53

farsightedness ---

can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close

Front 54

myopia

Back 54

nearsighted--

can see close objects more clearly than those that are far

Front 55

most common form of color blindness

Back 55

red-green

Front 56

Photoreceptors made of compound

Back 56

rhodopsin that contains opsin and retinal (derived from vitamin A)

Front 57

In the visual pathway, each cerebral hemisphere receives visual information from

Back 57

the lateral half of the retina on the same side, and from the medial half of the retina on the opposite side

Front 58

Sound energy is converted into mechanical movements by

Back 58

tympanic membrane

Front 59

cavity is filled with air in the ear

Back 59

tympanic cavity

Front 60

smallest bones in the ear

Back 60

malleus, incus, stapes

Front 61

connect the tympanic membrane

to the oval window

Back 61

auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Front 62

The branch of the cranial nerve that is responsible for monitoring changes in equilibrium

Back 62

vestibular branch

Front 63

hearing

Back 63

frequency of a sound is indicated to the nervous system by the region of the basilar membrane of the spiral organ that is stimulated

Front 64

spiral organ of corti located in

Back 64

cochlear duct on basilar membrane

Front 65

Hair cell stereocilia project into tectorial membrane, attached to wall of cochlear duct

Back 65

spiral organ of corti

Front 66

Conduction deafness results from

Back 66

conditions in the middle ear that block the normal transfer of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

Front 67

Bipolar cells connect photoreceptors to

Back 67

ganglion cells