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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Holland's Theory?
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When people pursue careers that are a good fit between their abilities and interests. Six personality types combine these factors: Investigative, social, realistic, artistic, conventional, and enterprising.
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What are some limitations to Holland's Theory?
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It does not tell us much about the differences among ethnic groups or the match with personality type and occupational choices in adulthood.
Example) His theory overlooks the fact that many people have little choice in the kind of job they can get because of external factors such as family, financial pressure, or ethnicity. |
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What is Super's theory of Occupational Development?
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People progress through a continuum of vocational maturity through 5 stages: 1)Implementation, 2)establishment, 3)maintenance, 4)deceleration, and 5)retirement.
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What is the mentoring process according to Kram?
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Initiation(mentors and proteges begin the relationship), cultivation(mentors work with proteges), separation(proteges and mentors spend less time together), and redefinition(the mentor protege relationship either ends or is transformed into a different type of relationship).
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Mentoring as it relates to generativity:
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This stage occurs from 40-65 years of age, and is when one contributes to younger people through child rearing, child care, or other productive work. On the other hand, stagnation is when one fails in contributing in making the world a better place.
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What is Erikson's stage for middle adulthood?
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generativity vs. stagnation.
This stage occurs from 40-65 years of age, and is when one contributes to younger people through child rearing, child care, or other productive work. On the other hand, stagnation is when one fails in contributing in making the world a better place. |
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What is job satisfaction?
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The positive feeling that results from an appraisal of one's work
-Tends to increase with age because they move on from work that is less satisfying -As workers get older, work may not be as much of a focus of their lives |
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What is Burn Out?
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A depletion of a person's energy and motivation.
-Results from stress, emotional exhaustion, and diminished personal accomplishment -Can be avoided by stress-reduction techniques, lowering people's expectations of themselves, and enhancing communication with the organization |
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What is Alienation?
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The feeling that what a worker is doing is meaningless, no relationship between what they do and the end product.
-personality trait cynicism is the factor mostly related to alienation |
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Test question: If he is like most alienated workers, Rocky would be most likely to explain his feelings by:
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"My job is meaningless. I'm nothing more than a replaceable part."
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What is Osteoporosis?
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Deterioration of the bones under the cartilage.
-Bones become porous and easy to break -More common in women and may result from decline in calcium and estrogen after menopause |
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What is Menopause?
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When menstruation stops
-Two processes are associated with the climacteric and menopause.... Estrogen-related symptoms: hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and urine leakage Somatic symptoms: sleep problems, headaches, rapid heart-beat, stiffness or soreness in the joints |
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Test Question:
Type A is to type B as: |
Intense is to calm
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What is Costa and McCrae's five factor theory?
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Described personality using five factors:
1) Neuroticism: The extent of anxiousness, hostility, self-consciousness, impulsivity 2) Extraversion: the degree of thriving on social interaction 3) Openness to experience: a vivid imagination and dream life, appreciation of art, and desire to try anything 4) Agreeableness: being accepting, willing to work with others, and caring 5) Conscientiousness: being hard-working, ambitious, energetic, persevering |
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Which type of jobs usually result in burnout?
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High-stress jobs such as intensive care nursing
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The aging US populations and the impact it will have on society:
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-The population in older adults in industrialized nations has been increasing rapidly in the 20th century
-Research predicts that in 2030 the number of people over 65 will equal the number in other age groups -Older women outnumber older men in all ethnic groups in the US |
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True or False: Women live longer than men about 7 years. For those who live to 85, the difference is only one year.
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True
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what is the maximum life expectancy?
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The oldest age to which any person lives
EX-(test question) Which headline concerns maximum life expectancy?-World's oldest man |
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What is average life expectancy?
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The age at which half the people born in a particular year will have died
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What is the wear-and-tear theory?
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Suggests that the body simply wears out
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What are the cellular theories?
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Focuses on the buildup of toxic cellular substances and subsequent deterioration.
-Some research indicates that cells have an absolute limit on the number of times they can divide |
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Free radicals:
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Chemicals produced by cell division that cause cell damage
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What is cross-linking?
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It is an explanation that suggests that certain proteins interact with body tissue, which results in stiffer tissues.
-Heart, muscle, and arteries can be affected |
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What are metabolic theories?
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These theories examine the interaction between calorie intake and stress
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What are Programmed Cell Death Theories?
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This approach points to evidence that aging is genetically programmed
-Recent information about human genetics is contributing to these explanation |
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What is Neurofibrillary Tangle?
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Fibers in the axon form spiral-shaped masses which interfere with transmission of singles
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Why is sleep often problematic for people in their older ages?
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Disruption in the circadian rhythm, or sleep-wake cycle
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Response times for older adults:(general trend and factors that impact reaction times)
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The speed at which a person can make a specific motor response may slow with advancing age
-This finding may be due to taking longer to decide what response to make, especially when faced with an ambiguous situation |
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EX:(test question)
When older adults are asked to respond to an ambiguous question you can expect: |
Slow response rates
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Explicit Memory:(What it further divides into)
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Is the deliberate and conscious remembering of information that is learned and remembered at a specific time
-Explicit memory is further divided into episodic memory and semantic memory Episodic:The general class of memory having to do with the conscious recollection of information from a specific time or event Semantic: The general class of memory concerning the remembering of meanings of words or concepts not tied to a specific time or event |
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Implicit Memory:
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The unconscious remembering of information learned at some earlier time
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Psychomotor Speed:
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The speed with which a person can make a specific response(reaction time)
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Older adults report that it takes roughly ______ as long to fall asleep, that they get _____ sleep on an average night, and that they feel more __________ effects following a night with little sleep.
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Twice; Less; Negative
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Useful life expectancy:
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The number of years that a person is free from debilitating chronic disease and impairement
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EX:(test question)
Elijan asks his doctor how long he can plan to live without any major medical problems or implications: |
Useful
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Telomeres:
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Tips of the chromosomes that shorten and break with increasing age
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Continuity Theory:
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Proposes that people use familiar strategies to cope with daily life:
-Too little continuity promotes a feeling that life is too unpredictable -Too much continuity promotes boredom -Optimal continuity allows for challenges and interest without overwhelming |
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Competence:
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The upper limit of a person's ability to function in physical health, sensory-perceptual skills, motor skills, cognitive skills, and ego strength
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Environmental Press:
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The physical, interpersonal, or social demands that environments put on people
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Zone of maximum performance potential:
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When press level is slightly higher, tending to improve performance
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Zone of maximum comfort:
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When the press level is slightly lower, facilitating a high quality of life because one is able to live without worrying about environmental demands
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Proactivity:
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When people choose new behaviors to meet new desires or needs and exert control over their lives
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Docility:
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When people allow their situation to dictate the options they have
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Research shows people with high competence more often choose _______. Low competence results in more ________
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Proactivity; Docility
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Erikson's stage for older adults:
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Integrity vs. Despair
*Older people engage in life review in which they reflect often and long on the events and experiences of their lifetime -Some individuals judge their life to have been meaningful and productive and feel good about the choices they have made, resulting in ego integrity -Others feel a sense of meaninglessness and blame others for their problems, resulting in despair |
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There are at least 10 ways that death can be viewed:
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1)Death as an image or object(grim reaper)
2)Death as a statistic(% or ?/100) 3)Death as an event (funeral) 4)Death as a boundary (How many years do I have left, what happends to my family) 5)Death as a state of being (time of waiting, nothingness) 6)Death as a thief of meaning (life doesn't mean much anymore, why should I go on living) 7)Death as an analogy (dead as a doornail) 8)Death as fear and anxiety(will it be painful, I'm afraid to die) 9)Death as reward or punishment (living long and prosper, the wicked go to hell) 10) Death as a mystery (what is it like to die) |
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Legal and medical definitions for death:
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The traditional definition of clinical death was a lack of heartbeat and respiration
-Today, brain death is the most used definition: No spontaneous movement to stimulation No spontaneous respiration for 1 hour Lack of response to pain No eye movements, blinking, or pupil responses No postural activity, swallowing, or yawning No motor reflexes A flat EEG for 10 minutes No change in any of these in 24 hours |
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Legal and medical definitions continued:
-All________criteria must be met and other possible conditions ruled out -In most hospitals, the lack of brain activity must extend to the _______ and ________ -Activity only in the _______ is called a persistent vegetative state, from which the person does not recover |
eight; brainstem/cortex; brainstem
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What is a persistent vegetative state?
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Activity only in the brainstem, from which the person does not recover
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Active euthanasia:
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is the deliberate ending of someone’s life
-Moral and religious concerns are involved in the issue of active euthanasia -Physician-assisted suicide has become an increasingly controversial issue -Some states have passed laws specifically making physician-assisted suicide legal, others have banned it |
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Administering a drug overdose, disconnecting a life support system, or ending a person's life through so-called mercy killing are all example of what?
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Active Euthanasia
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passive euthanasia:
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Allowing a person to die by withholding available treatment
-A survey in England showed that caregivers agreed that dementia patients should not receive treatments when critically ill -Most cases of passive euthanasia end up in court which has asserted that without advance directives, nourishment cannot be stopped |
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Chemotherapy being withheld from a cancer patient, a surgical procedure might not be performed, or food could be withdrawn are all examples of:
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Passive Euthanasia
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Kubler-Ross’ Theory:
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Elisabeth Kubler-Ross began working with terminally ill patients
-During this time, terminally ill patients were not always told they were dying, and death was not generally a topic of discussion. Her research was controversial -Kubler-Ross began to study patients’ reactions to their terminal illness and found that most people experienced certain emotional states |
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Kubler-Ross’ Stages of Dying:
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Denial - Shock and disbelief
Anger - Hostility and resentment Bargaining - Looking for a way out Depression - No longer able to deny, patients experience sadness and loss Acceptance - Acceptance of the inevitability of death with peace and detachment Though not all people experience all stages in the same order, discussion of death helps to move toward acceptance |
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A living will:
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in which a person states their preferences and intentions in the event that they may be unable to make their intentions known
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A durable power of attorney:
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names an individual who will have the legal authority to make decisions and speak for the person
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Ex:(test question)
Nathan wants to be sure that in the event he is incapable of communicating he wants to give his wife legal right to do so: |
Durable power of attorney
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Ex: (test question)
Noan is trying to come to grips with the fact he is old and doesn't have long to live. To do this he thinks of things hes accomplished: |
Integrity vs. Despair
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Ex:(test question)
Fourth age is also characterized as: |
Oldest-old
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