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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
rapid mitosis with no G1 phase |
cleavage
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purpose of cleavage
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take the zygote from macro to microscopic
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a solid ball of cells (between 8-cell stage and blastula)
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morula
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hollow ball of cells
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blastula
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hollow inside of blastula
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blastocoel
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place where the blastula caves in
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blastopore
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innermost layer of tissue
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endoderm
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middle layer of tissue
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mesoderm
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outermost layer of tissue
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ectoderm
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gastrulation creates a hole in the blastula called the ___
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blastopore
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process of the blastula caving in
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gastrulation
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derived from a common ancestor
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monophyletic
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sponges
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porifera
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anemones, jellyfish, things with stingers
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cnidaria
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comb jellies
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ctenophora
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flatworms
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platyhelminthes
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pond critters
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rotifera
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roundworms
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nematoda
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clams, oysters
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mollusca
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earthworms, leeches
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annelida
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insects, crabs, spiders, things with an exoskeleton
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arthropoda
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starfish, sea cucumbers
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echinodermata
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vertebrates
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chordata
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the prefix para- means...
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next to
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prefix eu- means...
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good/true
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it's a true coelum if the space is completely surrounded by ___
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mesoderm
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where is the endoderm?
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digestive lining
respiratory tract pancreas gall bladder liver |
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where is the mesoderm?
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muscles
circulatory system organs bones cartilage |
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where is the ectoderm?
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skin
hair nails brain spinal cord nervous system |
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which phyla are protostomes?
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mollusca, annelida, arthropoda
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which phyla are deuterostomes?
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echinodermata, chordata
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what's the difference between protostomes and deuterostomes at the eight-cell stage?
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protostomes have spiral cleavage and the cells are determinate.
deuterostomes have radial cleavage and the cells are indeterminate. |
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when solid masses of mesoderm split to form coelom
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schizocoelous (for protostomes)
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when folds of the archenteron form the coelom
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enterocoelous (for deuterostomes)
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in protostomes, what does the blastopore develop into?
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the mouth
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in deuterostomes, what does the blastopore develop into?
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the anus
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parazoa
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porifera
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radiata
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cnidaria & ctenophora
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acoelomates
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platyhelminthes
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pseudocoelomates
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rotifera & nematoda
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coelomates
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mollusca, annelida, arthropoda
echinodermata, chordata |
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protostomia
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mollusca, annelida, arthropoda
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deuterostomia
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echinodermata, chordata
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what's a pseudocoelomate?
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organism with a "fake" body cavity, not enclosed on both sides by mesoderm
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having only 2 of the germ tissue layers
which phyla? |
diploblastic
cnidaria, ctenophora |
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having no true tissues
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parazoa
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diploblastic with radial symmetry
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radiata
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triploblastic with bilateral symmetry
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bilateria
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having 3 layers of tissue
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triploblastic
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how do most animals get their nutrients?
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ingestion
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protein found only in animals that helps support the cell membrane
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collagen
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2 types of specialized cells in animals
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muscle and nerve
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hollow ball of cells
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blastula
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cell as a result of gastrulation
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gastrula
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sexually immature form of an animal that is different from the adult
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larva
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larvae go through ____ to develop into ______, which are sexually immature but look like adults
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metamorphosis, juveniles
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DNA sequence that regulates expression of a gene
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homeobox sequence
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gene that contains the homeobox
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Hox gene
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genes that regulate the formation of the anterior-posterior axis, among other developmental aspects
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Hox genes
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early group of soft-bodied eukaryotes
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Ediacaran biota
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wave of animal diversification
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Cambrian explosion
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particular set of morphological and developmental traits, integrated into a functional whole
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body plan
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interface between evolution and development
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evo-devo
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an animal with no r/l side that is divided into mirror images by any slice through it
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radial symmetry
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an animal with r/l side has ____ symmetry
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bilateral
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"true animals"
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eumetazoa
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evolutionary trend of sensory equipment concentrated at the anterior end
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cephalization
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living attached to a substrate
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sessile
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drifting or weakly swimming
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planktonic
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___ animals move actively from place to place
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bilateral
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all animals are traced back to a ____
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choanoflagellate
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germ layer on outer surface of embryo
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ectoderm
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innermost germ layer
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endoderm
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all bilaterally symmetrical animals are ___
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triploblastic
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cavity between the digestive tract and outer body wall
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coelom
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group whose members share key biological features
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grade
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group that includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants
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clade
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