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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cheiloschisis
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primary cleft palate
-uni or bi-lateral -involves lips or nostrils |
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palatoschisis
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secondary cleft palate
-incomplete closure of palate -can be heritable in some cattle, dog and cat breeds |
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Agents that can cause cleft palate
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Veratrum plant (mainly sheep), poison hemlock (pigs), griseofulvin (cats)
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brachygnathia superior/inferior
prognathia |
brachygnathia superior - maxilla is too short
brachygnathia inferior - mandible too short prognathia - prolongation of mandibles |
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cheilitis
stomatitis |
cheilitis - inflammation of lips
stomatitis - inflammation of oral mucosa |
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foot and mouth disease (type of agent and hosts)
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picornavirus
-affects cattle, sheep, pigs -exotic to US |
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vesicular stomatitis (type of agent and hosts)
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Rhabdovirus
-affects all large animals |
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vesicular exanthema
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Calicivirus
-affects pigs only -exotic to US |
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Swine Vesicular Disease
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Enterovirus
-affects pigs only -exotic to US |
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Clinical signs of viral vesicular diseases
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vesicles, ulcers on oral mucosa
-salivation -lameness -fever |
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example of non-viral oral vesicles/ulcers
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pemphigus vulgaris
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feline ulcerative stomatitis and glossitis
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older cats
-chronic inflammation, ulcers, erosions of oral mucosa -cause unknown |
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feline plasma cell gingivitis
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-proliferative, erythematous lesions in mouth in cats
-cause unknown |
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oral eosinophilic granuloma complex
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chronic, ulcerative lesion, usually at muco-cutaneous junction on midline
-common in cats |
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oral necrobacillosis in calves
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"calf diphtheria"
-caused by Fusobacterium -usually secondary |
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Actinobacillus in cattle
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"wooden tongue"
-chronic granulomatous inflammation with fibrosis |
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Actinomyces in cattle
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"Lumpy jaw"
-granulomatous inflammation in bone -often find sulfer granules in lesions |
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Oral thrush
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Overgrowth of Candida in mouth
-young animals -secondary |
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Gingival hyperplasia
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-often seen in brachycephalic breeds
-older dogs -distinguish from epulis with biopsy |
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oral papillomas
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-caused by papovavirus
-most spontaneously regress |
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squamous cell carcinoma
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-dogs and cats
-account for 60% of oral tumors in cats |
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oral melanoma
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-common in older dogs
-some pigmented, some not -most are malignant |
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oral fibrosarcoma
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most common in cats
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Epulides
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gingival tumor, don't metastasize
-most common in dogs -Fibromatous- don't invade bone -Acanthomatous -invades bone (histopath to distinguish type) |
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ameloblastoma
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epithelial tumor arising from ameloblasts
-locally invasive |
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Odontoma
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-rare tumor arising from enamel organ
-contain dentin and enamel |
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ptylism
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excessive salivation
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sialolith
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salivary calculi (rare)
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sialoadenitis
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inflammation of salivary glands
-not common |
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salivary ranula
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dilation of sublingual duct
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Salivary mucocele
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-ruptured or torn salivary duct, resulting in secretions filling SQ tissues
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salivary neoplasia
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rare in all species
-usually metastatic |
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cricopharyngeal achalasia
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-upper esophageal sphincter doesn't relax due to lesions in cricopharyngeal muscle
-usually congenital, neurogenic -seen in small breeds |
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megaesophagus
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esophageal ectasia
-can be congenital or due to myasthenia gravis, persistant right aortic arch, hypothyroidism, or damage |
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esophageal hypertrophy in horses
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muscular layer in esophagus hypertrophies
-idiopathic, generally causes no problems |
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viral esophagitis
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erosions and ulcers caused by virus
-BVD, IBR, feline calicivirus |
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parasitic esophagitis
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Gonglyonema - incidental
Spirocerca- cause granulomas in esophagus and aorta |
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mycotic esophagitis
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Candida overgrowth
-almost always secondary |
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protective mechanisms of gastric epithelium
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-tight junctions
-mucus layer with bicarb -prostaglandins inhibit acid, enhance bicarb, increase blood flow to mucosa |
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gastric ulcers in swine
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-more common in dry, finely ground, corn-based diets
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gastric volvulus
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stomach turns along its mesenteric axis
-esophagus and duodenum become twisted |
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persistent Merkel's diverticulum
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remnant of omphalomesenteric duct
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muscular hypertrophy of ileum is seen in which species?
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horses, swine
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Complete infarction and necrosis after __ hours of ischemia in gut?
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6
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hypermotility of GI leading to diarrhea
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probly not a primary mechanism of diarrhea
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3 general causes of Increased permeability of mucosa, leading to diarrhea
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increased pore size/mucosal integrity, osmotic gradient, impaired lymph drainage of intestine
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benefits of using barium
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cheapest, isotonic, can be curative
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disadvantages of barium
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-irritating to peritoneum (causes granulomatous response)
-causes problems if inhaled -slower transit |
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advantages of ionic organic iodide contrast
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-water soluble, no harm to peritoneum, rapid transit
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disadvantages of ionic iodide contrast
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-expensive, less coating of mucosa, hypertonic, irritating to GI, causes pulmonary edema if inhaled
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advantages of non-ionic iodide contrast
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-safest, not hypertonic
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appearance of cat esophagus in contrast study
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herring-bone appearance in caudal 1/3
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lobar sign, silhouette sign
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.....
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most common intraluminal mass
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neoplasia
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pylorus will be filled with ___ on left lateral
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gas
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All barium should be out of GI tract after __ hours
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24
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barium dose for GI contrast study
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5-6cc/lb
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pylorus will be filled with ___ on right lateral
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fluid (resembles a ball)
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On ventro-dorsal view, __ will be in gastric body
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gas
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On dorso-ventral view, __ will be in gastric body
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contrast
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most common gastric neoplasia in dogs, cats
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dogs - adenocarcinoma
cats- lymphosarcoma |
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differences in ultrasound appearance of cat intestine
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less difference between sections of small intestine
-ileum has thick, dark muscularis layer |
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celiography
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inject organic iodide into peritoneal cavity
-used to confirm abdominal hernias |
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functional ileus
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"adynamic ileus"
-something is causing the intestine to not contract properly |
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mechanical ileus
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"dynamic ileus"
-obstruction is impeding motility |
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dental formula for dogs, cats
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dogs - 3142/3143
cats - 3131/3121 |
