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97 Cards in this Set
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The Liberal Bourgeois |
1789-91 |
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August Decrees |
August 1789, six days after the 4th of August, these decrees watered down the decisions made on the night of patriotic delirium. Instead of abolishing feudal dues completely, they had to be redeemed by the peasant. Also, the tithe remained in place, but many peasants simply stopped paying taxes. |
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
August 1789, It became the foundation of the new society, reflecting the ideas of the Enlightenment and the American War of Independence, with emphasis on "all men are born and remain free and equal in rights". There was also an emphasis on rights of property, which reflected the bourgeois nature of the Assembly. Basically it defined and made law the principles for which the Revolution had been fought. |
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March of Women to Versailles |
5-6 October 1789, the 2nd Revolutionary Journee. The royal family was forcibly brought to Paris and king was forced to pass the August Decrees and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The National Assembly also came to the capital. It appeared that the women of Paris had once again saved the revolution |
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Nationalisation and sale of church property |
2 November 1789, the church land was called biens nationaux, and the sale of the land was accompanied by bonds called assignats, which became legal tender. The state sold these for cash, because of how in debt they were |
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Reorganisation of the military |
The segur ordinance was swept aside, now any man could climb as high as they abilities took them. It was the idea of merit over birth |
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Economic Reforms |
31 October 1789 the internal tariffs like octrois, were abolished and replaced with a single uniform tax on imports and exports |
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Reorganisation of France |
February 1790, reformed in 83 departments for administration. These replaced the overlapping/confusing old borders (pay d'etat etc.) |
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First Issue of Assignats |
19 December 1789, although theoretically the new assignats were worth the same as livres, they steadily lost value throughout the Revolution. |
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Decree abolishing King's right to declare war |
May 1790 |
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Abolition of Nobility |
19 June 1790 |
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Civil Constitution of the Clergy (CCofC) (remember that they weren't attacking religion itself) |
12 July 1790, It proposed that the dioceses of the Church be changed to align with the new departments, meaning only 83 bishops would have jobs. This was a huge mistake, it divided the nation into two groups, those who supported the state and the Constitutional Church against those who supported the non juring priests, and therefore their loyalty to the Revolution was suspect. Many people felt they had to choose between the Revolution and their faith. It was a major cause of the Flight to Varennes. |
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Clerical Oath of loyalty |
27 November 1790, This decreed that all bishops and priests absent from their parish to return quickly. And that all of them must swear to be 'faithful the nation'. Any cleric who didn't swear the oath would be deprived of his salary, citizenship and his priesthood. The oath continued the divide between traditional Catholicism and the State, continuing to force Catholics to choose between the two. |
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The flight to Varennes |
20-21 June 1791, the royal family felt that they had to get out of France, to royalist camps on the border. Louis XVI had two reasons, political and religious, if he got to Austria he could get help from other kings, and religious because he was opposed to all the CCofC stuff that had been happening. |
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Significance of the Flight to Varennes |
The flight to Varennes was one of the most significant crises of the Revolution, leading to a variety of consequences. The monarchy was doomed and never again had any influence on the affairs of France. The Constitution of 1791 was obsolete before it came into action, and the fate of Louis split the Assembly into factions. Like the Assembly, the country became divided into what to do with Louis. Finally, his imprisonment forced Austria and Prussia to act to protect him and his family. It also showed the people of France that he was a traitor and couldn't be trusted. |
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Champ de Mars Massacre |
17 July 1791, A peaceful demonstration of people asking for the removal of the king was ordered to be fired upon by Bailly. Both Bailly and Lafayette were discredited in the eyes of the people, and organisers of the petition, Robespierre and Danton etc. were forced to live quietly/flee. |
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King unwillingly accepts the Constitution of 1791 |
14 September 1791 |
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Final session of National Constituent Assembly |
30 September 1791 |
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First Session of the Legislative Assembly |
1 October 1791 |
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King uses first veto |
12 November 1791, attempts to undermine the Constitution of 1791 |
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All refractory priests declared suspect |
29 November 1791(define refractory) |
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King uses second veto |
19 December 1791, vetoed a decree stating that all emigres who don't return to France were suspects |
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Assignat falls to 64% of value |
January 1792 |
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France declares war Austria |
20 April 1792, there were many in France who wanted war, the king wanted France to lose, then he would become king again, Lafayette and Dumouriez (Feuillants) thought the Rev. had gone far enough and though a war would stop it, and the Brissotins thought a war would reveal the traitors (incl. the king). Although France actually declared it, it was pretty mutual. |
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Refractory/non juring priests banished |
27 April 1792 |
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Federes set up camp outside Paris |
27 April 1792, the war is going extremely badly, lots of defeats and desertions |
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King uses third and fourth veto |
19 June 1792, vetoes the decree against banishing priests and the establishment of the federes camps. |
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First invasion of the Tuileries |
20 June 1792, fourth revolutionary journee, big ol' Louis is forced to wear a cockade and drink a toast to the Revolution |
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Brunswick Manifesto |
25 July 1792, if anyone lays a finger on Louis we will destroy Paris and all of the people living there |
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Lafayette tries to save the monarchy |
28 July 1792, he left his army on the front line to do it, but didn't have the support of the National Guard or anyone, and so went back to the frontier |
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Sans-Culottes take over the Town Hall |
9 August 1792, the S-C overthrow the old Municipal government and set up a revolutionary commune in Paris, led by dudes like Hebert. The commune is now in control of Paris, most of the legislative assembly go into hiding and the girondins are left in charge |
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King deposed |
10 August 1792, second invasion of the Tuileries and fifth journee. |
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Lafayette defects to the Austrians |
17 August 1792, |
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Prussian/Austrian armies cross into France |
19 August 1792, this is leading to massive panic |
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Verdun surrenders |
2 September 1792, oh nooooos, everyone is all a panicking |
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September Massacres |
2-5 September 1792, the S-C feared that the nobles and clergy in the prisons would break out once all the soldiers had gone to the front. So they decided to just kill them all, they ransacked the prisons killing all prisoners, they were urged on by Marat and Hebert |
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Battle of Valmy |
20 September 1792, this saved both Paris and the Revolution |
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Opening Session of the National Convention |
21 September 1792, they abolish the monarchy-France is now a Republic |
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First day of Year 1 |
22 September 1792 |
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Establishment of Committee of General Security |
2 October 1792 |
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Decree of Fraternity passed |
19 November 1792, this was directed at the people of other countries who were offered aid and help to recover their lost liberty and to bring down their government. |
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Opening of the king's trial |
10 December 1792, although everyone agreed that the king was guilty, they disagreed on what to do with him |
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King found guilty |
12-19 January 1793, just over half of the deputies decide to execute him-but enough |
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Louis XVI executed |
21 January 1793, |
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War of First Coalition |
1 February 1793, France now declare war on Great Britain and Holland. Now they were fighting against Austria, Prussia, GB, Spain and Holland. GB blockaded the channel and therefore destroyed much of France's foreign trade. |
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Levy of 300 000 |
24 February 1793, this led to the Vendee uprising |
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Revolutionary Tribunals set up |
10 March 1793, this was to replace any ad hoc courts set up (like what had happened in the Sep. Massacres), headed by Danton, "Let us embody the Terror, so as to prevent the people from doing so" |
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Rising in the Vendee |
11 March-Jan 1794, the people in the Vendee region had been very resistant to change, CCofC. There were many causes, found themselves paying more taxes, a short term cause was the execution of the king whilst the catalyst was the levy of 300 000. |
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Summary execution decree passed |
19 March 1793, in response to the uprising in the Vendee, 'machinery of the Terror' was set up. This one meant that rebels could be tried and executed in 24 hours |
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Watch committees set up |
21 March 1793, watch committees were responsible for identifying and arresting suspects |
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Desertion of Dumouriez |
5 April 1793, carried extra significance as he was a Girondin |
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Creation of the Committee of Public Safety |
6 April 1793, created in order to control the conduct of the war inside and outside France. Basically it took control of the country economically and politically |
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establishment of representatives-en-mission |
9 April 1793, these dudes were sent out to the regions of France and had basically unlimited power to deal with counter-revolutionaries. Give examples, Carrier in Nantes, Fouche in Lyon |
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Girondins expelled from National Convention |
31 May-2 June 1793, after their failed trial of Marat, opened them up to be tried as well. |
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Federalist uprisings |
Early June 1793, these uprisings in the south of the country, Bordeaux, Lyons etc. they had sent the Girondin deputies to Paris, so were a little unhappy that they had been dissed. They rose up etc. |
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Jacobin Constitution of 1793 adopted |
24 June 1793, it was then literally suspended and the CPS continued to rule with emergency powers |
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Danton resigns from CPS |
10 July 1793, it reorganises itself to accommodate 12 members |
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Marat assassinated |
13 July 1793, finished the revolutionary martyr image. |
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Robespierre joins CPS |
27 July 1793 |
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Destruction of the Vendee |
Early August 1793- just talk about stuff, I know it |
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Federalist uprisings crushed |
Early August 1793, yeah man |
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Levee en masse |
23 August 1793, the first complete mobilisation of a nation in modern history, men/women/children all called to serve |
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Journee of the enrages |
4-5 September 1793, basically they wanted more food |
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Creation of Revolutionary armies |
9 September 1793, although they only legit one was the Parisian one, they popped up all over the country. They were to subdue the countryside by terror and ensure food supply for Paris, mobile guillotines |
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Law of Suspects |
17 September 1793, this was to support all the structures of the Terror, like the CPS, Rev. Tribunals etc. This law said anyone considered suspect was to be placed in custody. |
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Law of the Maximum and Minimum |
29 September 1793, there was a maximum price put on food, later a minimum wage as well |
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Declaration of Revolutionary government in France- |
10 October 1793, basically legalises the Terror |
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Trial of the Girondins |
15 October 1793, this is all to please the S-C. |
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Execution of Marie Antoinette |
16 October 1793, this marks a lot of executions (like of the Girondins) |
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Execution of the Girondins |
31 October 1793, |
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Festival of liberty and reason, De-christianisation |
10 November 1793, this starts the de-christianisation campaign. |
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Law of Frimaire |
4 December 1793, this law basically consolidates all of the previous legislation of The Terror into one document. It was meant to bring everything under control of the CPS. |
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Trial and execution of the Hebertists |
21-24 March 1794, Hebert wanted more power to the S-C, whilst Robbie didn't=he gonna die |
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Trial and execution of the Dantonists |
2-5 April 1794, if Robbie wouldn't tolerate Hebert calling for more public agitation, he wouldn't tolerate Danton's all for moderation. Danton wanted an end to the Terror, and a return to a constitutional government. |
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Festival of the Supreme Being |
8 June 1794, this was to celebrate the new religion that Robbie had made up. It was to replace Christianity as the new state religion. He was also the head priest |
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The Great Terror |
June/July 1794 |
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Law of 22 Prairial |
10 June 1794, this was to simplify trial procedures, basically anybody could be accused of stuff, and death was inevitable. |
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9 Thermidor, convention decides to move against Robespierre |
27 July 1794, prior to this (day before) he made a rambling speech about all the people he was going to name as traitors--> made all feel threatened. |
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10 Thermidor |
28 July, execution of Robespierre and Saint-Just + supporters1794 |
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The Thermidorian Reaction |
29 July 1794-26 October 1795 |
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Repeal of Law of 22 Prairial |
1 August 1794 |
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Abolition of price controls |
24 December 1794, e.g. the Law of Maximum. This was to lead to economic suffering throughout 1795 |
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Emergence of the Gilded Youth |
December 1794, there was a return to luxury dressing, They went around and beat up S-C. |
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Freedom of worship officially restored, |
21 February 1795, the separation of Church and state and freedom of religion decreed |
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Committee decides on a new constitution, putting aside all previous ones |
21 March 1795, this included disregarding the Constitution of 1793 (the most liberal) |
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Assignat worth only 8% of value! |
March 1795, |
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Revolutionary journee, held insurrection against convention, wanting more bread-happens a few times... |
1 April 1795, they also demand the constitution of 1793 |
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The White Terror |
24 April 1795, in the SE especially there was lots of retaliation against the Jacobins, as revenge for the persecution of Catholics, dudes went around putting to death anyone involved with the Terror. |
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Uprising of Prairial |
20 May 1795, there were many riots in throughout Paris. The Convention was invaded by people demanding bread |
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Army disarms the Paris Sections |
23 May 1795 |
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Revolutionary Tribunals abolished |
31 May 1795 |
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Louis XVII, son of Louis XVI dies in prison |
8 June 1795 |
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Royalist Uprising |
26 June 1795, landed in Britanny, got destroyed by Hoche |
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Constitution of the year III and the Two Thirds Law approved |
22 August 1795, it wanted no extremes, and a return to a stable country. The wealthy would have a greater stake in the affairs, as they should rule it |
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Decree allowing emigre priests to return, |
24 August 1795, providing they took a civic oath they can come back, however the separation of church and state continues |
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Proclamation of the Constitution of Year III |
23 September 1795 |
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Vendemiaire uprising |
5 October 1795, Napoleon was instrumental in putting down the revolt in Paris, this set a pattern for the government over the next few years, the weak government often needed the army to prop/defend them. |
