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154 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Offensive allemande 10 Mai, 1940 |
Invasion de la Belgique, Allemande va vers Paris |
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L’exode de la France |
Les français partent de la france après l’invasion allemagne |
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10 Juin 1940 |
Mussolini declare la guerre sur la france |
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Paul Reynaud |
President du conseil depuis Mars 1940 |
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Weygand |
Militaire Français, favorable a l'armistice |
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Pétain |
ministre d’état depuis Mai 1940, conserver gouvernement en france pendant occupation |
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16 Juin 1940 |
Reynaud remplace par Pétain |
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24 Juin 1940 |
Pétain signe armistice avec Italie |
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ligne de demarcation |
france était coupe en deux (Pyrénées) nord=occupée, sud=libre |
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pillage economique |
germans take all resources from france during occupation |
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raflent des travailleurs |
taking workers from france to help germans war effort |
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solution finale |
kill all jews, starts in 1942 |
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Vichy |
french gov’t in zone libre, end of 3rd republic, extreme droit, Revolution Nationale, “travail, famille, patrie”, led by Pétain, collaboration w/ Nazis (meet between Petain and Hitler 1940) |
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Pierre Laval, François Darlan |
also part of Vichy, right hand men to Petain |
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tickets de rationnement cartes d'alimentation |
food stamps/ration tickets |
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Novembre 1942 |
zone libre become occupied |
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Forms of collaboration |
-economique=relève(libration of 1 prisoner for every 3 volunteers) ; STO(service du travail obligatoire)
-Militaire=légions de volontaires qui fight w/ germans -Politique=Milice (anti-jew propaganda)JOSEPH DARNAND -Antisémite= Juin 1942 (velodrome) |
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Collaboration Individuelle |
-délation=annon. letters turning in spies/jews -publications in favor of german ideals -participation in legions de volontaires |
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Resistance exterieure |
Led by General De Gaulle in London (L’appel du 18 juin, calls out to french people to resist) African colonies (Tchad, Cameroun, Congo, Oubangui) |
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FFL |
Forces français libres |
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CFLN |
comité français de liberation nationale; created by de Gaulle in spring 1943 |
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resistance interieure |
-individual actions against germany Maquis=become organized in 1941 1943=bring in troops from STO to maquis |
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goals of resistance |
-give hope -destroy transportation, war tools, make life hard for germans -protect jews and resistants -help the allies |
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Big names in resistance |
Lucy Aubrac; Marie Reynoard; Colonal Rémy |
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Jean Moulin |
helps unify resistance in 1943; saw de Gaulle as commander; tortured and killed by Klaus Barbie in 1944 |
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CNR |
conseil national de la resistance; created in mai 1943 by Moulin |
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FFI |
forces françaises de l’intérieur; participate in deparquement and helping allies w/ liberation |
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Maquis |
resistant groups in french mountains/wilderness; construct army of resistants w/i france |
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May 8 1945 |
France free from German control |
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Principal Alliances |
-L’axe rome berlin (avril 1939) -Non aggression germano-sovietique (aout 1939) -L’alliance franco-britannique |
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AXE |
-Sept 1939-Juin1941=Allm., Italie, Jap., URSS -Juin1941-Dec1945 = Allm., Italie, Japon |
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ALLIES |
Sept1939-Juin1940=Roy.Uni + France Juin1940-Juin1941=Roy.Uni. Juin1941-Dec1941=RoyUni+URSS Dec1941-1945=RoyUni + URSS + USA |
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German Strategy |
-Hitler politiques -high power military -fast war -blitzkrieg -offensive based on avion power |
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Allie Strategy |
-deffensive -stay behind Ligne Maginot |
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Phase Européenne |
-1939-1942 -1 Sept, 1939=Hitler invades Pologne -3 Sept 1939 = France+RoyUni declare war -Sept-Mai 1940 = drôle de guerre -9 avril 1940= germ. occupy Danemark et Norvège -10 Mai 1940 = germ. invade Pays Bas, Belgique et Luxembourg - Mai 1940 = exode français -10 Juin 1940= ital. declares war on france -17 juin 1940= petian dealers armistice -18 juin 1940 - de Gaulle gives speech from london 22 juin 1940 - france signs armistice juin 1940-mai 1941= bataille d’Angleterre -submarine warfare, invasion of Egypt/Greece by germ. |
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Ligne Maginot |
fortified land in the north east of france, built between 1930-1939 |
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Phase Mondiale |
-Juin 22 1941=invasion of URSS by germ. -dec 1941= USA enters war (pearl harbor) -rest of war |
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Tournant de la guerre |
1942 -asian front=Midway (juin 1942) americans win -african front = El Alamein (23 oct-11 nov.) english win -russian front= Stalingrad (aout 42-fev 1943) russians win |
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L’effondrement de l'axe |
1943 -allies land in and gain victory over italy -russian offensive moves in the east -pacifique islands taken back by USA 1944 -eastern slovic countries liberated -Normandy beaches (6 juin) -Paris liberated (15 aout, general Leclerc) 1945 -allies cross le Rhin (mars) -russians enter germany -Hitler suicide (30 avril) -armistics signed May 8 1945 |
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Atomic Bombs |
Hiroshima (6 aout), Nagasaki (9 aout) Dropped by Truman |
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Yalta |
Feb 1945, Roosevelt (USA), Churchill(RU) and Staline (Russ) divide up europe Creation of ONU |
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Belle epoque |
1890-1914 -outward projection of good life -reality much worse |
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Evangalisme |
misionaries sent to 3rd world countries, first wave of colonialism |
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french colonies |
mostly in northern africa |
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chemin de fer Congo-Océan |
railroad built across africa from 1921-34, 500 km of tracks |
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exposition mondial |
shows best technologies of the time, hosted in Paris April 1900 |
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Olympic Games |
Mai-Oct 1900 -hosted in france -first women allowed to participate |
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Toulouse Lautrec |
artist (cabaret painter) |
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Inventions |
-la fee électricité -Cinema begins w/ frère lumières 1895 -first metro line 14 july 1900 -Louis Blériot flys english channel (la manche) 25 july 1909 |
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Separation of church and state |
law made in 1905 |
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Institutions of 3rd Republic |
-President (top authority, elected every 7 yrs by Ass. Nat’l) -Senat, Deputés, Ministers, conseils généraux -All men over 21 can vote |
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parti radical |
-dominate political party until 1920s -created in 1901 -republicaine, anticléricalisme, patriotisme, and liberalisme |
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SFIO |
-section française internationale ouvriers -gauche radical, created in 1905 -marxisme |
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CGT |
active syndicat created in 1895 |
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catastrophe de courrière |
Mining accident (1200/1800 men dead) 10 mars 1905 |
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Jean Jaurès |
1859-1914 socialiste, pacifist politician assasination rallies union of la gauche (union sacrée) |
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Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Wilson |
3 major negotiators for Diktat de versailles |
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Diktat de Versailles |
28 Juin 1919, end of WWI - Pertes territoriales importantes. - Retour de l'Alsace Lorraine à laFrance. - limitation del'armée à 100.000 hommes sansarmement lourd avec interdiction duservice militaire . - Occupation et démilitarisation de laRhénanie .- L'Allemagne est déclarée responsable dela guerre et devra payer de lourdesréparations . |
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Le choc de la crise |
-begins in Germ. 1929 -6 mill chomeurs in 1932 -cause of major german anger, esp after WWI |
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Hitler’s rise to power |
Becomes head of Nazi party in 1930s, aides in growth of Nazi party under two main ideals = 1. bread and work 2. Blames jews, communists and Weimar republic for crisis Becomes chancellor 30 Jan, 1933 |
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Hitler’s early dictatorship |
-28 Feb, 1933 incendie du Reichstag -elimination of communists -23 mars 1933 : Hitler obtient les pleins pouvoirs pour 4 ans -2 août 1934 : Mort d'Hindenburg, Hitler se déclare chef d'état =Reich Führer -1933 = re-establishment of military/hitler youth -1936 remilitarization of Rhénanie - region on the boarder of Belgique (violation of DdV) |
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L’espace vital |
what Hitler called all “german” lands that he wanted to reunite |
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l'Anschluss |
Hitler’s invasion of Austria using political intimidation Autriche is annexed the 13 March 1938 |
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La conférence de Munich |
-28-30 sept 1938 -Meeting between Germans, French, English and Italians in Munich -Other three agree to let Germany take les Sudètes -Hitler then invades les Sudètes in Oct 1938 |
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Hitler’s Annexations |
-Sudètes = Oct 1938 -Bohême Moravie = Mar 1939 |
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Sept 1 1939 |
-Hitler invades Poland |
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Establishment of 4th republic |
-CNR regroups with other major resistant groups, the 2 major clandestine syndicats, and 6 major political parties |
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Major resistant groups |
-Combat -Liberation Zone nord -Libération (sud) -Front National -Francs-tireurs partisans (FTP) -Organization civil et militaire (OCM) -Ceux de la resistance -ceux de la liberation |
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Objectives of re-establishing 4th republic |
-Practical urgent matters -find all traitors, get rip of all german troops, establish liberation committees -Re-establish freedoms -democracy, universal suffrage,freedom of speech/press, re-establish jewish citizens |
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economy of 4th republic |
-Nationalization of resources -Nationalization of insurance and banks |
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Social reforms of 4th republic |
-re-adjustment of salaries -re-established independent trade unions (syndicalisme) -creation of sécurité social -welfare to help families (esp. have babies) |
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CFLN |
comité français de libération national established Juin 1943 Union between French libration in London (led by de Gaulle) and French military commander in Algeria (led by Giraud) |
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GPF |
gouvernement provisoire de la repub. franç. presided over by de Gaulle -annuled Vichy laws -re-established republic institutions -organized elections -disarmed the resistance -manage the purification |
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Épuration Sauvage et legal |
-9,000 french who collaborated with germans killed in the streets -Others brought to trial -military tribunals started aug 1945 -7,000 sentenced to death (only 737 executed) Pétain is allowed to live in exile |
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21 april 1944 |
-women given right to vote |
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29 april 1945 |
french democracy restarts with coal elections |
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Oct 21 1945 |
4th republic officially established |
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Structure of 4th republic |
-president elected for 7 years -President is elected by National Assembly and Conseil de la republic -People vote for members of NA and CdlR |
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Resignation of de Gaulle |
-Jan 1946 -Finds political parties too important and the president too weak |
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Le droite a la dignité |
-new right added to 4th repub. constitution |
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Marshel Plan |
aide money given to reconstruct european countries by USA (1947) |
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1949 |
-Jan. rations on bread are lifted -Dec. rations on sugar and gas are lifted |
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Baby boom |
yup it happened in france too |
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Survivants |
over 2 million war survivors (camps, POW, etc) return to france starting in 1945 |
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CECA |
communauté européenne du charbon et de l’acier (steel) established 1951 Created by robert schuman and jen monnet |
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traité de rome |
created in 1957 unified belgique, france, RFA, italie, luxemburg, and pays-bas in a common market |
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Weaknesses of 4th republic |
-political instability -ministers use power too extremely -inter-party alliances add to instability -unrest in Algeria begins to build |
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Presidents of 4th republic |
-Auriol 1946 -Coty 1954 |
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Crise de 13 mai (1958) |
-major time of conflict w/ Algeria -creates enough unrest to allow de Gaulle to establish 5th republic (current republic) -fully established sept 28, 1958 |
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1ere empire colonial |
-france holds land in north of north america 16th century |
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Jaques Cartier |
french man who began colonization of canada in 1534 |
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Samuel de Champlain |
founded Québec in 1608 |
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Cavalier de la Salle |
expands french lands down to Louisiana 1682 |
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French in Africa |
-First french colonies include Madagascar Pondichéry and Chandernagor -1895 Sénégal, Soudan, Guinée, et côte d’ivoire form L’afrique occidentale français |
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End of 1st french colonial empire |
-loose most of their important colonies after Treaty of Paris ending 7 years war (1763) -Napoleon sells Louisiana in 1803 -1804 Haiti gains independence |
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Conquering of Algeria |
1830-1848 = conquest of Algeria -1830-land in Algeria -1847- surrender by And el-Kader -1848- algeria divided into 3 french departments |
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Invasions of 2ed colonial empire |
-1830-48=Algeria -Sénegal, Cochinchine, Cambodge, nouvelle Calédonie (By Nap. III) -1881 Tunisie passes into french protection -1912 Maroc passes into french protection In the 20th Century france has 2ed largest colonial empire |
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Jules Ferry |
Responsible for the creation of french indochine in 1885 |
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l’Afrique équatorial français |
-1910, made up of Tchad, Congo, Gabon and Oubangui-Chari |
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Big waves of decolonization |
-1945-54 = Asia -1955-64 = Africa |
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Reasons for decolonization |
-loss of powerful cities during the war -USA and USSR spread message of decolonization during cold war -ONU establishes basic human rights for all -Rise of nationalist movements w/i colonies -liberation promised for help during WWII -post-war tension |
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Ho Chi Minh |
founded in 1941, pushed for Vietnam independence, named after their leader |
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Sétif |
-8 mai 1945, manifestation of nationalists in this algerian town -france strikes back by killing between 8 and 15 thousand people |
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Vietnam indépendance |
1946-54 -nationalist movements started in 1930’s -Ho Chi Minh 1941 -Vietnam’s cities declare independence 1945 -Granted liberty 6 mars 1946 -tensions still exist between french/vietnamise |
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Haiphong |
-many french killed in Haiphong Nov 1946 -start to indochine war -france retaliates by bombing/killing 6,000 |
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Indochine War |
starts in 1946 vietnam uses lots of guérilla warfare -led by general Gaip french army is organized but too small -1949, independence given to indochine -Bao Dai instals anti-communist gov’t |
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Diên Biên Phu |
-confernece held in Geveva to discus indochine -July 1954 -French instal themselves in Dien Bien Phu -stay 57 days -French suffer massive losses -end of hope for the empire -USA enters into vietnam war a few years later |
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conférence de Brazzaville |
-Feb 1944 -de Gaulle calls for more humain colonization -no forced labor, better treatment, etc |
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De Gaulle and the colonies |
-with creation of 5th republic, de gaulle allows african nations to choose independence -17 countries choose this in 1960 |
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Emacipation of Tunisie et Maroc |
1956 -france responds to first waves of nationalism with harsh resistance -imprison/exile leaders -Concedes to independence in 1954 -full independence given 1956 |
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la guerre d'Algerie |
-1954-1962 -after Sétif, Algerians create FLN (front liberation national) -November 1 1954 fighting begins -10 attacks overnight -people mobilize throughout country to defend their villages -even women and children Ends with -400,000 dead -1.5 mill. displaced |
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FLN (Algeria) Leaders |
Bitat, Boulaïd, Didouche, Boudiaf, Belkacem, M'Hidi |
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Jaques Soustelle |
-French man sent to lead troops in Algeria 1954 |
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SAS |
-service administratif spécialisé -700 men used to create social change -also called képis bleus |
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Harkis |
citizen soldiers |
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Massacres de Constantinois and Philippeville |
20-21st Aug 1955 171 french killed by FLN, retaliate by killing 1273 muslims |
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General Lacoste |
-sent in after Soustelle is fired -given carte blanche |
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Division of Algeria |
-3 zones (interdite, pacification, opération) -populations are displaced, causing some to flee the country -france moves on to massive damage -napalm bombs, mass shooting -Algerians are kept in massive refuge camps -poor living conditions, no work |
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AOS |
-society created by de gaulle to ensure equal rights for all people in colonies -still wants to maintain Algeria as a colony |
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plan de constantine |
negotiations between de gaulle and Ferhat Abbas (FLN elected president of Algeria) -led to the release of 7,000 FLN prisoners |
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accords d'Evian |
3 July 1962, signed giving Algeria total independence on the 5th |
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Ahmed Ben Balla
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first official president of free Algeria |
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Discovery of radioactivity |
pierre and marie curie 1903 nobel physics irene curie 1935 nobel chemistry |
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A. Flemming |
discovers pénicilline 1928 |
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W. Rontgen |
Discovers radiographie 1895 |
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Bloch and Purcell |
Discover IRM 1946 |
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First cars produced |
1907 |
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first phones produced |
1920 |
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Simone Veil |
1975 abortion made legal |
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Simone de Beauvoir |
1949, started women’s movement |
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1968 |
students fight for more freedom in 5th republish (massive protests) |
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Alphonse Mucha |
1860-1930, artist |
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Fauvisme |
art movement Marc Chagall Matisse |
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Cubisme |
art movement Picasso Braques |
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Surrealisme |
art movement Salvadore Dali René Magritte |
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Abstract art |
Kandinsky Pierre Soulages |
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Important Intellectuals |
Marcel Proust Albert Camus (Nobel Literature 1957) André Malraux Jean-Paul Sartre |
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Political Figures |
Léon Blum Georges Clémenceau Pétain De Gaulle Pompidou (5th repub. president) Giscard d'Estaing |
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Founding fathers of construction european |
Jean Monnet, Robert Schuman |
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Origins of WWI |
1914 Europe dominates world -center of trade and industry -colonies make them politically strong -their culture dominates the world (religion, science, social) Europe is also full of tensions -colonial/economic rivalries -territory disputes -nationalism |
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Inter-european alliances before WWI |
Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungry, Italy) Triple Entente (UK, France, Russia) |
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28 June 1914 |
François Ferdinand shot -28th July Austria Hungry declares war on Serbia -Causes russia to mobilize -Causes Germany to declare war on russia -UK declares war on germany clusterfuck of alliances=war |
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la guerre de mouvement (phase 1) |
1914 -August= germans enter france via belgum -General Joffre head of French defense -December=lines are drawn and movement stops |
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bataille de la Marne |
5-13 Sept 1914 Joffre and Galliéni fight (and win) to save paris from germans |
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La guerre de position (phase 2) |
1915-1917 -fronts do not move -armies immobilized in trenches Major Battles -champagne 1915 -verdun 1916 -somme 1916 |
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le tournant de 1917 |
-russian revolution causes separate peace of Brest-Litovsk -Pétain improves life for troops, punishes mutineries -Clémanceau gives new life to the war -german submarine warfare causes USA to enter war in April 1917 |
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Allies victory |
allies stop german advances in 1918 Foch (allied general) starts planes based counter-offense 11 November 1918 armistice signed at Rethondes, practically all of france is freed |
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treaty of versailles
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signed 28 June 1919, germans declared responsible for war, forced to pay millions in reparations and disarm new territory lines drawn Victorious countries did all forming, Germany and Russia not included Clemenceau veut écraserdéfinitivement l’All. Réclame une lourde indemnité, a des prétentions sur lesrives gauche et droite du Rhin (occupation). Lloyd George veut conserver une All. forte pour faire écran aucommunisme. Orlando réclame les terresirrédentes (Trieste et le Trentin), l’Istrie, la Dalmatie. Refus de Wilson,d’où l’idée italienne d’une « victoire mutilée » exploitée plus tardpar d’Annunzio et par les fascistes. Idem pour la Roumanie. Le Japon obtientles intérêts allemands en Chine. La France retrouvel’Alsace-Lorraine. la Sarre est placée sous le contrôle de la SDN pour 15 ans et devrase prononcer par référendum pour ou contre son rattachement à l’All. (effectifen 1935). Les houillères de la Sarre sont cédées à la Fr. à titre deréparations. |
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Empires that disappeared w/ ToV |
German, Austrio-Hungrian, Ottoman and Russian |
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New countries created by ToV |
Finlande, Pologne, Etats Baltes, Tchécoslovaquie, Yougoslavie, Hongrie and Autriche |
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Main signers of ToV |
Clemenceau,Lloyd George, Orlando et Wilson |
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Wilsons 14 Points |
droitdes peuples à disposer d’eux-mêmes, abandon de ladiplomatie secrète, liberté des mers, désarmement Main foundations of UN later on |
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SDN |
société des nations |
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After effects of war |
8 million deaths 16 million injuries (6 million w/ permanent damage) Widespread PSTD among soldiers and civilians Women want to continue working Land and buildings destroyed (economic issues) -industrial and farm production cut down |
