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8 Cards in this Set
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There are 5 basic directional felling techniques excluding any variation of the dutchman; list and briefly discuss each one, including the amount of lean for which each is appropriate. |
1. Under cutting (light lean)- can not use natural lean, face a tree in the direction of desired fall. You can pull a tree up to 90 deg in the direction you want it to fall. Called "swinging" up to 90 deg of natural lay. 2. cutting the corner- fat corner, side notching, assymetical backcut, manipulation, varied depth, face cut always perpendicular to the ground. Tree swings to fat corner, skinny side breaks first. In combination with undercutting you can get 90 deg of directional pull. 3. Wedging- after face/back cut drive in wedge the side opposite direction you want tree to fall. In a tree with heavy lean (8-9 deg), you can swing a tree up to 90 deg with a wedge. 4. Jacking- before face cut, cut cavity out of the backside of the tree away from direction you want it to fall. Can start pilot cut to get bar in once jack is in place. Make face and back cuts. If tree doesn't fall then jack over. 5. Pulling- send climber up 2/3 of trees height, climber brings up tree collar, then hook other end of bull line of crawler and skidder. Put in back cut and winch tree over. |
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When considered as a prime mover for feller-buncher, processor, and site preparation attachments, self-leveling excavators have certain advantages and a disadvantage in comparison with conventional excavators. What are they?
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Advantages- multiple head options can be mounted, can work up to a 55% slope. Disadvantages- expensive and costly to maintain. |
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A logging company has made the decision to purchase a tree processor for use in the Sierra Nevada and the choice has narrowed ot either of 2 harvesters, the Rottne Rapid Single-Grip or the Timbco T445. Given that processing heads are available for both and their costs are roughly equivalent, which machine should this company acquire and why? |
The company should purchase the Timbco T445. The Sierra Nevadas are notorious for rough and steep terrain and the T445 is a self-leveling excavator and can work on steep terrain up to 55% slope. The Rottne is also a wheeled machine while the Timbco is a tracked machine which is better for soil compaction. |
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Compared to skidding with chokers, grapple skidding on sides that utilize manual felling has the advantage of eliminating the need for both chokers and choker setters, thus reducing labor costs. However grapple skidding in such situation has two advantages as well, both relating to resource protection. What are these two disadvantages? |
Disadvantages- increased amount of surface area machine drives over, damages residual trees. |
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A crawler, equipped with an integral arch and a winch is attempting to skid a turn up a steep, sustained grade. Halfway up the grade it becomes obvious to the operator that the crawler does not have sufficient traction to pull the entire turn to the top. One of his options is to unhook a portion of the turn, but unless absolutely necessary this solution is inefficient because it will ultimately involve repeated hooking and unhooking, backtracking, etc. Instead, there is a procedure universally used to rectify this particular situation. Briefly describe this procedure. |
1. Operator unhooks the turn. 2. Operator drives to top of grade. 3. Operator lets out the bull line and hooks it to the turn. 4. Winch in the turn up the grade. |
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List and briefly discuss, as appropriate, the responsibilities inherent in timber sale administration. |
1. Approval of landings, roads, trails, and temporary truck roads from start to finish. 2. Harvest inspection- slash disposal, utilization- stump height, bucking diameters, and bucking specs. 3. Protection of site- water bars, residual stem Resource Improvements- damage to permanent roads, hiking trails, camp grounds SMA's- meadows, aspen groves, PAC's 4. Fire Safety- fire trailer, operating hours 5. Contract enforcement- start/end dates, production milestones 6. Liason between landowner and contractor. |
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There are numerous considerations that need to be kept in mind when choosing a site for a landing in a tractor logging operation. List and briefly discuss them. |
Location: 1. Minimize production reduction 2. Minimize excavation 3. Grade- 10% max, slight slope for drainage 4. No drainage, seeps, or meadows. 5. Shortest temp roads possible 6. Favorable skid roads predominant. 7. 2-3 skid raods with access to whole setting. 8. no sharp turns. 9. Skidding distance- max is 1000-1300 ft 10. Can cross drainage at one point Size 1. Front end loader- 1/3 acer 2. Heel boom loader- 1/4 acre 3. chipper ops- 1/3 acre 4. whole-tree/ multi production ops- 1/2 acre Shape - any shape that is not extreme in any one direction. |
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