Foods For Special Needs

Front 1

Pregnancy

Back 1

A pregnant mother requires:
- Protein (growth of new cells, blood volume)
- Calcium, Phosphorus & Vitamin D (bone and teeth)
- B Group Vitamins (metabolism of carbohydrates)
- Iron & Fol-ate (to prevent anemia: a lack of iron)
- 6-8 glasses of water (no alcohol or illegal substances)

Front 2

Prenatal Development

Back 2

- Divided into 3 trimesters consisted of 3 months each
- Weight gain of 1-2 kilos in the 1st trimester
- Most weight gain happens in 2nd & 3rd trimester
- 4kg: fat energy stores & breast feeding
- 4kg: baby, placenta, amniotic fluid
- 4kg: blood volume & body fluids

Front 3

Chemicals To Avoid

Back 3

1) Alcohol (5-6 drinks: increased risk of miscarriage, premature, still birth, abnormal growth, delivery complications, fetal alcohol syndrome, high death rate
2) Cigarettes: low birth rate, premature babies, miscarriage, greater chance of asthma, ADHD
3) Illegal Drugs: miscarriage, premature birth, still birth, lower IQ, motor development problems

Front 4

Folate (Folic Acid/ Folacin)

Back 4

- One of 8 minerals in the B Group and crucial for DNA production, prevents heart and uni-tract defects
- Essential in pregnancy to prevent spinabifida in infants and rapidly dividing cells
- Recommended 600 micrograms (silver beet, spinach, lean meats, berries - sensitive to heat)

Front 5

Breastmilk

Back 5

- Provides nutrition and protection from infection
- Made up of water (carries nutrients), sugars (energy), antibodies (protects from infection), minerals & vitamins (healthy body functioning), protein (building blocks of the body), WBC, fats (growth), enzymes (carries protein)

Front 6

Advantages and Disadvantages of Breastmilk

Back 6

Advantages:
- Clean, germ free, psychological bond, contains antibodies, convenient, reduces risk of allergies
Disadvantages:
- Sore nipples, mother needs a health diet, inconvenient

Front 7

Advantages and Disadvantages of Formula

Back 7

Advantages:
- Convenient for working mothers, parents have more freedom, babies can be fed anywhere
Disadvantages:
- Equipment needs to be sterilized, over/under nutrition, expensive, higher risk of allergies

Front 8

Infancy

Back 8

- Well balanced diet required for complete development
- Solids from 6 months: encourages chewing muscles
- If fed to early digestive system and kidneys may not be fully development
- FYI: start with sweet fruits/veges, never add sugar/salt, throw away leftovers & never reheat

Front 9

Childhood

Back 9

- Active kids require more complex carbohudrates
- Develop good eating habits early
- Watch out for signs of obesity (TV instead of sports)
- Children grow 5-10 cm and put on 2-3 kg per year

Front 10

Important Nutrients

Back 10

Protein: growth and body building (meat, fish, poultry)
Calcium: teeth and bone (dairy foods, milk, yogurt)
Iron: blood supply and carries nutrients
Zinc: sexual development (red meat, whole grains)
Vit B: releases energy, good for skin and eyes (cereals)

Front 11

Nutrient Associated Conditions

Back 11

Anemia: lack iron
Osteoporosis: lack of calcium
Constipation: lack of fiber
Neural Tube Defect: lack of folate
Poor Growth and development: lack of protein

Front 12

Adolescents

Back 12

1) Rapid growth and development takes place
- girls 15cm and boys 20cm, increased bone mass and length, large internal organs, more skin & blood volume
2) Changes in eating habits
- missing breakfast, snaking, fast foods (high in sugar, salt, fat and low in complex carbohydrates)

Front 13

Adulthood

Back 13

- Growth has ceased and active levels are stable
- Nutrient requirements the same but in small amounts
- Input should by equivalent to output
- Metabolic rate may decrease
- Women require more iron (menopause)

Front 14

Elderly

Back 14

- Elderly are slower and therefore require less energy
- Inability to eat foods (indigestion, poor teeth/gums, decrease in appetite)
- Not eating properly due to lack of motivation, shortage of money, difficulty shopping
- Require less carbohydrates and fats