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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is neoplasia?
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The abnormal proliferation of cells
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'The abnormal proliferation of cells' is known as...
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Neoplasia
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What is the most common group of neoplasias?
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Epithelial tumours
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What is the name for a malignant epithelial tumour?
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A carcinoma
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What is a carcinoma?
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A malignant epithelial tumour
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Neoplasm and tumour are interchangeable T/F
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T
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What is a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)?
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A carcinomatous cancer occurring in multiple organs
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A carcinomatous cancer occurring in multiple organs
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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'A cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue'
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Adenocarcinoma
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What is an adenocarcinoma?
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A cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue
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What is transitional epithelium also known as?
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Urothelium
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A type of cancer that typically occurs in the urinary system: the kidney, urinary bladder, and accessory organs. It is the most common type of bladder cancer
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Transitional cell carcinoma
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Reflux of gastric acid from the stomach into the oesophagus is very common. What kind of carcinoma does this lead to?
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Glandular metaplasia (a type of metaplasia where irritated tissue converts to a glandular form)
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'A type of metaplasia where irritated tissue converts to a glandular form'
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Glandular metaplasia
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What is glandular metaplasia?
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A type of metaplasia where irritated tissue converts to a glandular form
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'The reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another mature differentiated cell type'
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Metaplasia
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What is metaplasia?
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'The reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another mature differentiated cell type'
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What is Barrett's oesophagus?
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An abnormal change (metaplasia) in the cells of the inferior portion of the oesophagus
The medical significance of Barrett’s oesophagus is its strong association with esophageal adenocarcinoma, a particularly lethal cancer |
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An abnormal change (metaplasia) in the cells of the inferior portion of the esophagus
The medical significance of ... is its strong association with esophageal adenocarcinoma, a particularly lethal cancer |
Barrett's oesophagus
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What is oesophageal adenocarcinoma? What does it have a strong link with?
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Cancer of the oesophagus. Barrett's oesophagus
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Enlargement of an organ or tissue by the proliferation of cells of an abnormal type
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Dysplasia
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What is dysplasia?
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The enlargement of an organ or tissue by the proliferation of cells of an abnormal type
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'Difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, as a symptom of disease'
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Dysphagia
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What is dysphagia?
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Difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, as a symptom of disease
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What is haematemesis?
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Vomiting of blood
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Vomiting of blood is known as...
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Haematemesis
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Is carcinoma of the stomach an adenocarcinoma? Why so/why not?
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Yes, as normal stomach is lined with glandular epithelium
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Which bacteria is the most common cause of gastritis?
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Helicobacter pylori (Can lead to carcinoma)
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Black, 'tarry' feces that are associated with gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The black color is caused by oxidation of the iron in haemoglobin during its passage through the ileum and colon
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Melaena
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What is melaena?
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Black, 'tarry' feces that are associated with gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The black color is caused by oxidation of the iron in haemoglobin during its passage through the ileum and colon
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Malignant tumours of small blowel are very common T/F
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F - very rare
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Where and why would jaundice occur if there is a cancer of the small bowel?
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Would occur in the duodenum if the Ampulla of Vater becomes obstructed
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What type of epithelium lines the large bowel? What does this tell about the type of carcinoma?
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Glandular epithelium --> Adenocarcinoma
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What are the two separate pathogenic pathways of large bowel carcinoma?
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Inflammation-dysplasia and adenoma-carcinoma
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Of the two separate pathogenic pathways causing carcinoma of the large bowel, which is more common?
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Adenoma-carcinoma
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What is an adenoma?
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A benign tumour of glandular origin
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A benign tumour of glandular origin
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An adenoma
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Increased cholesterol increases amount of bile acid synthesis. How is this related to cancer?
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Bacterial breakdown of bile acids produces carcinogens - so it is wise not to have a high fat/read meat diet as this increases bile acid synthesis
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The pancreas is a glandular organ T/F
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T (--> adenocarcinoma cancers)
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In the GIT, most carcinogens are dietary in origin T/F
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T
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