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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is so special about infancy? |
Most dramatic growth Special recommendations Foundation of good health |
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What are the energy needs of an infant in their first year of life? |
1st six months: 108kcal/kg of body weight 2nd six months: 98kcal/kg of body weight |
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Why are an infants energy needs this high? |
They need this energy for rapid growth and higher metabolic needs |
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What is the main source of energy in infants? |
FATS |
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Why are fats important for infants? |
Brain, CNS, energy stores and organ tissue development It's a key fatty acid |
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What are the specific recommendations for fat intake in infants? |
-If they are less than 2 yrs, they require higher % of fat than adults -Fat restriction is inappropriate (give whole milk) -Can decrease fat intake after age 2 |
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Why do infants need protein? |
Ensures rapid growth and development Excessive intake is of no value |
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Where do infants get their protein from? |
Breast milk Formula (cow & soy) |
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What is vitamin D responsible for in infants? |
Bones and Teeth **Breastfed infants require a supplement Deficiency = Rickets |
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What is Iron important in infants? |
Development and growth |
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Why are Iron deficiencies common in infants? |
-It's common in breastfed babies **Maternal intake during pregnancy provides infant w/4-6 months of stores -Dietary source required at 6months (ex. fortified cereal) |
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How does vitamin K relate to infants? |
They receive injection at birth Receive from breastfeeding |
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Why is fluoride important for infants? |
Bones and Teeth Infants over 6 months should be assessed for need of supplement |
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What is colostrum milk? |
'First milk' Lots of antibodies, protein, vits, and minerals |
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What is hind milk? |
Milk produced from extended period of nursing Higher in fat and kcal |
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What is formula? |
Manufactured for infant tolerance Fortified w/ Iron Specialty formulas for health conditions (ex. preemie) Ready to feed, concentrate, powdered |
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When should parents introduce semiliquid consistency food (complementary foods)? |
4-6 months Sitting up, tongue & jaw control |
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What is the recommended order of complementary foods? |
Fortified rice cereal, veggies, fruit, meat *Could do meat first* |
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Why do infants avoid corn syrup/honey? |
Risk of exposure to botulism-causing spores |
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How can a mother treat 'failure to thrive'? |
Through dietary recall: Timing of feedings Intake amounts Formula mixing |
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What are some of those interventions? |
Change feeding times Change caloric concentration Modify behavioural changes |
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What is 'hypersensitivity'? |
An immune system response |
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What is the toddler stage characterized by? |
Desire for more independence Regular meals and snacks Practice self-feeding (fine motor skills) |
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What are the nutrient needs in toddlers? |
Energy: 1000 - 1300 kcal/day Protein: 1.1g/kg of body weight Fat: Gradual decrease after 2 yrs Fluids: Milk and limited juice |
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What is the Ellyn Satter feeding concept? |
Parent is responsible for what and when Child is responsible for how much and if or whether |
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What are food jags? |
Repeated request for same food/little interest in variety |
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How can parents overcome food jags? |
Allow favourite food, but continue to offer variety Involve children in meal prep & shopping |
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What are the changing needs of preschoolers? |
Energy: 1800kcal/day Protein: 0.95g/kg of body weight |
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What are some tips for changing eating habits in preschoolers? |
Parents can model Blend new foods with familiar Be patient Appropriate portion sizes |
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What happens to the growth of school-aged children (5 - 12 years)? |
Growth slows down because intake is harder to assess Energy: 2000-2200 kcals/day |
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What are the nutrition requirements for adolescents? |
Energy, Protein, Calcium and Iron all increase Differences in boys and girls |
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What should nurses consider when assessing an adolescent with nutrition? |
Assess their beliefs and knowledge Any supplements or diets? |
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How can we prevent childhood & adolescent obesity and overweight? |
A balanced diet Moderate processed foods Breakfast Physical activity |
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How much weight should a: A) child w/ obesity under 11 loose? B) adolescent w/ obesity? |
A) 1lb/month B) 2 lb/week |
