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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Gastric folds in the stomach are called: |
Rugae |
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Which of the following is true of a PA projection of the stomach for an Upper GI exam? 1. The fundus will be filled with barium. 2. The body and pylous will be filled with air. 3. The fundus will be filled with air. |
3 only |
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Gastritis is the inflammation of: |
Stomach |
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A patient in RAO position means the projection will be: |
PA |
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Esophagus is _____ to the trachea |
Posterior |
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3 main parts of the stomach |
Fundus Body Pyloric |
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Fingerlike projections |
Vili |
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Ascending colon |
Right side |
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Descending |
Left side |
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Peristalsis |
Contraction waves which move the digestive contents toward the rectum. Moves barium to the ileocecal valve in 2-3hrs. This can change from patient to patient. |
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When any potential for barium to escape and is a contraindiction ______ is used. |
Iodinated contrast used instead. |
Examples of this: perforated suspected/confirmed, possible surgical intervention. |
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Barium is often uses as oposed to iodinated contrast (which can be absorbed into the body) because: |
-Barium demonstrates mucosa in the esophagus better. -It moves more rapidly through the digestive system but can become more diluted and show less detail past the duodenum & through the small bowel. -Because of water absorption it may be brighter in the colon. *Oral iodinated contrast could be used to image the colon if BE was not possible. |
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UGI patient prep |
NPO 8-12hrs |
For BE patient may require a laxative. Stool may mimic pathology. |
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The best choice of contrast for myelogy |
Non-ionic water soluble contrast is the best choice |
Most commonly used is iopamidol (isovue) & iohexol (omnipaque) |
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Contrast must not be allowed to pass into into the cebral ventricles, to prevent this: |
To prevent this, the head should be elevated. |
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Urology: kidneys lie in: |
The retro-peritoneal space (posterior portion). |
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The right kidney is slightly _____ then the left kidney. This is due to the ______. |
Lower; kidney |
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Urology: kidneys lie in: |
The retro-peritoneal space (posterior portion). |
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The right kidney is slightly _____ then the left kidney. This is due to the ______. |
Lower; kidney |
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Kidney lie approximately ____degrees from the aorta ___. |
40-45; anteriorly |
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Obliques for the kidneys are taken at __ degrees. |
30 |
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Body positioning for kidneys is |
LPO/RPO |
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Pleboliths |
Pelvic vein calcification |
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Pleboliths |
Pelvic vein calcification |
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Angiographs |
Show blood vessels w/ in the kidneys. |
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Prep |
Shows the renal pelvises & calyces |
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IVP patient prep |
NPO from midnight or 8hrs |
Children’s prep: depends on facility. |
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Patient prep for BE |
Most likely NPO for 8-12hrs, and may require a laxative. |
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What is the best contrast choice for a myeology? |
Non ionic water soluble contrast |
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Contrast must not be allowed to pass into the _____. To prevent this patient ______ should be elevated. |
Cerebral ventricles; head |
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The nephogram stage |
Image taken immediately after contrast injection. |
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Urethral filling images |
Bladder Prostatic urethra Spongy (cavernous) urethra |
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When performing AP oblique projections for an IVU, the kidney further from the IR is ____ with plane of IR. |
Parallel |
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Retrograde pyelography implies that contrast is given: |
Against the normal flow of urine |
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Retrograde filling would most likely be used for evaluation of the ______. |
Bladder |
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IVU intravenous urography |
Timed intervals 3-20min Make sure your putting the timed markers. Mostly peristaltic will cause us to not see contrast in the ureters. |
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Which of the following may be seen on a scout image that could be mistaken for a renal stone in the presence of contrast media? a.) cholelithiasis b.) prostate media c.) renal carcinoma d.) phleboliths |
Phleboliths |
Pelvic vein calcification (pelvic stone) |
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Each kidney lies in an oblique plane and is rotated how many degrees toward the aorta? |
30 |
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The initial contrast “blush” of the kidney immediately seen after injection of contrast media is called the? |
Nephogram stage |
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What are compression straps used for in a urology procedure? |
Used to force the contrast into the kidneys. |
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For the AP oblique urology, patients shoulders and ____ are lying on the same plane and no arms super imposed. |
Hips |
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The body landmark used to view bladder is the ______. |
Pubis symphysis |
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Cystogram |
Done to view bladder and/or distal ureters |
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Retrograde urography |
Views lower urinary tract |
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In and RAO position, the esophagus should be projected between the ____ & the ____.
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Vertebrae, heart
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The contrast filled pylorus & c-loop of the duodenum are best demonstrated on which view?
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RAO
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Esophagram procedure
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Scout chest x-ray.Patient will be in upright position.Fluoro & spot films taken while patient is drinking w/instructions by radiologists.Single/double contrast.Overheads done depending on radiologist *done while patient drinking.
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Urograms
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entire urinary system
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Left lat decubitus shows
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air in right lungs, fluid levels in left.
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Contrast mixed with cold water
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less colon irritation
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Body habitus to cause bladder to be from highest to lowest:
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hypersthenic sthenic hypostenic asthenic |
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GI tract proximal to distal order
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duodenum jejunum ileum cecum |
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Ovarian shield
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placed 1in medial to ASIS
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kidneys in profile:
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Right= 30degrees LPOLeft= 30degrees RPO
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Urinary
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2 kidneys 2 ureters bladder urethra |
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Kidney
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Filters waste from blood
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Bladder
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storage container
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Phases of renal function:
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-Nephogram phase -collection/transport phase |
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Patient prep
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Bowel cleansing -lightmeal at night -NPO after midnight -Enema or cathartic suppository |
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Communication of the following
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-information of IVU procedure -medical history -answer questions -pre exam prep -patient understands -signed consents |
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Contrast for IV
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ionic non ionic |
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Considerations
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-patient history of allergies -past contract studies -renal functions |
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Volume or dose
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dependent on age or weight
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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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normal levels: 9-25mg/ml |
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Creatinine
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Normal levels: 500-2000mg |
High levels warn of possible malfunction of failure of kidneys.
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Nephrotomegram
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CR perpendicular midway between iliac crest and xiphoid process.
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AP post injection
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-Expiration -kV range 70-80 -males shielded -Compression may be used. -decompress carefully |
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Oblique post injection IVU/IVP
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-Patient supine rotated 30degrees places kidneys parallel -Shows kidneys away from IR -CR perpendicular transverse plane on the AP and the spine |
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Upright post void urinary
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-kv 70-80-CR perpendicular to MSP at 1in below iliac crest
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