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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the distribution of body water? |
60% water, 40% other ICF - 40%, ECF 20% IF - 15%, Plasma water - 5%, Transcellular <1% |
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How much body fluids do different animals have? |
Adult 60% Young 70-80% (less fat) Geriatric 50-55% (more fat) |
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What are the different types of fluids? |
Isotonic - same osmotic pressure Hypertonic- high osmotic pressure Hypotonic - low osmotic pressure |
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What is the normal amount of fluid intake? |
50ml/kg/day Normal output (cat) - 30ml/kg/day 40ml/kg/day urinary Dog 20ml/kg/day, 30ml/kg/day urinary |
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Examples of abnormal fluid loss from the body? |
Primary water deficit - water deprivation, heat stroke, painful mouth, unconsciousness Loss of water and electrolytes - vomiting, diarrhoea, pyometra Loss of potassium and water - prolonged vomiting and diarrhoea, starvation, diuretic therapy, overdose |
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What are the objectives of fluid therapy? |
Replacement of dehydration deficits Maintenance of normal hydration Replacement of essential electrolytes and nutrients Act as a carrier for IV drugs |
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What is dehydration? |
A decrease in the total body water content with fluid being lost from all body compartments |
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What is a normal urine output? |
1-2ml/kg/hour Less than 0.5ml/kg/hour - oliguria |
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How can we asses dehydration? |
History Physical exam PCV and TS/TP Albumin and globulin Urea and creatinine USG |
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What happens with a patient <5% dehydrated? |
No detectable signs Increasing urine concentration |
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Dehydration 5-6%? |
Subtle loss of skin elasticity |
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Dehydration 6-8%? |
Marked loss of skin elasticity Slightly prolonged CRT Slightly sunken eyes Dry mucous membranes |
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Dehydration 10-12%? |
Tented skin stands Prolonged CRT Sunken eyes / 3rd eyelid protrusion Dry MM Early signs of shock |
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Dehydration 12-15%? |
Signs of shock Moribund Death imminent |
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What is an electrolyte? |
A liquid containing ions - Na+ or K+ |
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What is an anion? |
Negatively charged ion |
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What is an anion? |
Negatively charged ion |
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What is a cation? |
Positively charged ion |
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What is an ion? |
Charged atom |
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What are insensible losses? |
Fluids lost from the respiratory tract or body secretions which cannot be measured and an estimate is used. |
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What are the 5 ways fluids can be given? |
Orally Intravenously Intraosseus Subcutaneously Intraperitoneal |
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What is a crystalloid? |
An aqueous solution of mineral salts and other small water soluble molecules Sodium chloride Glucose solutions Hartmanns |
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What is a colloid? |
Gelatinous solution that maintains high osmotic pressure within the blood
Albumin Dextran Gelofusine Hydroxyethal starch Heamaccel |
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What are the ideal places for IV placement ? |
Saphenous - medial/lateral Jugular Cephalic |
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Potential complications of fluid therapy? |
Pain Collapsed veins Phlebitis Signs of chemosis Air ambulism Pulmonary oedema Nasal discharge Extravasation Cardiovascular issues |
