Fiv Small Animal Medicine I

Front 1

What is the agent that causes FIV?

Back 1

RNA retrovirus: genetically diverse, mutates fast

Front 2

What is the distribution of FIV infections?

Back 2

Worldwide distribution

Front 3

Which cats have the highest seroprevalence of FIV infection?

Back 3

Sick outdoor cats

Front 4

How is FIV transmitted?

Back 4

-Bites: older (>6 years), male, outdoor cats
-Milk: FIV-infected queens to kittens
-Transplacental

Front 5

What are the initial clinical signs seen with acute FIV?

Back 5

Low grade fever and lymphadenopathy, a retrovirus so takes a long time to develop clinical signs and initial signs probably aren't noticed

Front 6

What stage follows the acute phase of FIV infection?

Back 6

Acute phase is followed by a subclinical latent period

Front 7

How long does the subclinical latent period of FIV normally last? What does the duration depend on?

Back 7

Average of 7 years, depends on age when infected and viral strain

Front 8

What are the clinical syndromes (full blown infection) that develop with FIV infection (8)?

Back 8

1) Chronic small bowel diarrhea
2) Non-regenerative anemia
3) Anterior uveitis
4) Glomerulonephritis, renal failure
5) CNS signs
6) Myeloproliferative disease
7) Infections
8) Hematologic changes

Front 9

*Why are cats with FIV prone to infections?

Back 9

-The virus is immunosuppressive so they are much more likely to get infection, so often present with pneumonia, abscesses, UTIs, etc.

Front 10

*What hematologic changes are commonly associated with FIV?

Back 10

-Pancytopenia (Neutropenic, nonregenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia)
-Myelodysplasia or leukemia (some cell lines may be increased)
-polyclonal gammopathy (chronic inflammation)

Front 11

A cat presents to you that has an abscess and glomerulonephritis and you suspect that it has FIV. Is serology a good test to use? Why or why not?

Back 11

Yes, because it takes months to years to develop clinical signs of infection, so by this time the cat will have antibodies

Front 12

How long does seroconversion take in cats infected with FIV?

Back 12

2-4 weeks, very few never convert

Front 13

How long do maternal antibodies to FIV infection last?

Back 13

14 weeks

Front 14

A kitten comes into your office and tests positive for FIV, but it is only 10 weeks old and you know that maternal antibodies can last up to 14 weeks. When should you retest the kitten?

Back 14

Retest at 8-12 months of age

Front 15

What does a positive FIV serology test mean?

Back 15

-Documents a persistent infection
-Does not mean that clinical signs are due to FIV

Front 16

What is the routine screening test for FIV?

Back 16

ELISA (serology)

Front 17

Why should you really retest a healthy indoor cat that tests positive for FIV with an ELISA? What test should you use to confirm the diagnosis?

Back 17

-Can get false positives because prevalence drives the number of positives and an indoor cat has about 50% chance of getting a false positiveIf get a positive test can perform a western blot to confirm the diagnosis

Front 18

When is RT-PCR a good diagnostic tool for FIV?

Back 18

Can distinguish maternal antibodies and antibodies from a vaccine from a real infection

Front 19

What are the 3 components/ options for treating FIV?

Back 19

1) Always treat the secondary disease (antibiotics for bacterial infections, high doses & longer periods)
2) Alpha-interpheron (parenteral is better)
3) Zidovudine (AZT) -for acute infections

Front 20

What is the purpose of giving AZT for acute FIV infections?

Back 20

Improves neuro signs, improves stomatitis

Front 21

What are the side effects of AZT? What parameter should be monitored?

Back 21

May cause anemia, stop if PCV <20%

Front 22

What are the side effects of AZT? What parameter should be monitored?

Back 22

May cause anemia, stop if PCV <20%

Front 23

How can you prevent your cat from getting infected with FIV? (3)

Back 23

1) House cat indoor (avoid fighting)
2) Test new cats before introducing in an FIV-negative cattery
3) Vaccines

Front 24

How can you prevent your cat from getting infected with FIV? (3)

Back 24

1) House cat indoor (avoid fighting)
2) Test new cats before introducing in an FIV-negative cattery
3) Vaccines

Front 25

What should you do when a kitten is born to an FIV positive dam?

Back 25

-Kittens should not be allowed to nurse
-Test at 14 weeks and if cat is (-) can sell, if + retest

Front 26

What should you do when a kitten is born to an FIV positive dam?

Back 26

-Kittens should not be allowed to nurse
-Test at 14 weeks and if cat is (-) can sell, if + retest

Front 27

How good of protection does the FIV vaccine offer?

Back 27

Inactivated whole virus vaccine, 60-80% efficacy, mutates too quickly and vaccine covers A e D and most common form of virus is B.

Front 28

How good of protection does the FIV vaccine offer?

Back 28

Inactivated whole virus vaccine, 60-80% efficacy, mutates too quickly and vaccine covers A e D and most common form of virus is B.

Front 29

What can you do for cats with non-regenerative anemia due to FIV?

Back 29

Do respond to EPO< but if someone already tried the rhGM-CSF then it increases viremia

Front 30

What can you do for cats with non-regenerative anemia due to FIV?

Back 30

Do respond to EPO< but if someone already tried the rhGM-CSF then it increases viremia