First Aid Microbiology Viruses

Front 1

Name all the viruses in the Herpesvirus family.

Back 1

HSV 1 and 2, HHV3 (VZV), HHV4 (EBV), HHV5 (CMV), HHV6 roseola, HHV7, HHV8 Kaposi's sarcoma

Front 2

Structure of herpesviruses?

Back 2

Envelope, dsDNA, linear

Front 3

Medical importance of HSV1? Route of transmission?

Back 3

Oral lesions (gingivostomatitis), some genital lesions (herpes labialis), keratoconjunctivitis, temporal lobe encephalitis (most common sporadic cause)
Transmitted via respiratory secretions and saliva

Front 4

Medical importance of HSV 2? Route of transmission?

Back 4

Genital lesions (herpes genitalis), some oral lesions, neonatal herpes
Transmitted via sexual contact, perinatal

Front 5

Medical importance of HHV3? Route of transmission?

Back 5

Chicken pox, zoster, shingles, encephalitis, pneumonia
Transmitted via respiratory secretions

Front 6

Medical importance of HHV4? Route of transmission?

Back 6

Epstein Barr Virus can cause mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Transmitted via respiratory secretions and saliva

Front 7

Medical importance of HHV5? Route of transmission?

Back 7

CMV infection in immunosuppressed patients, especially transplant recipients, causes mononucleosis (mono spot negative), pneumonia, congenital defects
Tranmitted via genes, transfusion, sexual contact, saliva, urine, or transplant

Front 8

Medical importance of HHV6? Route of transmission?

Back 8

Roseola causes a 3-day fever and, seizures, a rosy pink diffuse macular rash
Route of transmission unknown

Front 9

Medical importance of HHV8? Route of transmission?

Back 9

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes
Transmitted via sexual contact

Front 10

Structure of hepadanovirus?

Back 10

Envelope, dsDNA, partial circular

Front 11

Type of hepanovirus and medical importance?

Back 11

Hepatitis B virus can cause acute of chronic hepatitis, vaccine available, can use reverse transcriptase

Front 12

Structure and medical importance of adenovirus?

Back 12

No envelope, dsDNA, linear
Causes febrile pharyngitis, pneumonia, and conjunctivitis

Front 13

Strucure and medical importance of parvovirus?

Back 13

Envelope, ssDNA, linear
Causes aplastic crises in sickle cell, slapped cheek rash, erythema infectious (fifth disease), hydrops fetalis from RBC destruction

Front 14

Structure and medical importance of papillomavirus?

Back 14

No envelope, dsDNA, circular
HPV causes warts, CIN and cervical cancer

Front 15

Structure and medical importance of polyomavirus?

Back 15

No envelope, dsDNA, circular
JC virus causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV

Front 16

Types of poxviruses and their medical significance?

Back 16

Smallpox (eradicated but used in germ warfare), cowpox (vaccinia causes milkmaid's blisters), molluscum contagiosum

Front 17

Structure of poxvirus?

Back 17

Envelope, dsDNA, linear

Front 18

What is the smallest DNA virus?
And what is the largest?

Back 18

Smallest- parvovirus
Largest- poxvirus

Front 19

Where does the varicella zoster virus remain dormant?

Back 19

Trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia

Front 20

Structure and medical importance of Hepevirus?

Back 20

No envelope, ssRNA, linear, icosahedral capsid.
Causes Hepatitis E infection

Front 21

Structure and medical importance of Calicivirus? aka

Back 21

No envelope, ssRNA, linear, icosahedral capsid.
Norwalk virus causes viral gastroenteritis.

Front 22

Structure and medical importance of Deltavirus?

Back 22

Envelope, ssRNA, circular, helical capsid.
Causes Hepatitis D infection

Front 23

Structure and medical importance of Rhabdovirus?

Back 23

Envelope, ssRNA, linear, helical.
Causes rabies.

Front 24

Structure and medical importance of Orthomyxovirus?

Back 24

Envelope, ssRNA, linear (8 segments), helical capsid.
Influenza virus

Front 25

Structure of Reovirus?

Back 25

No envelope, double stranded RNA (10-12 segments), icosahedral (double) capsid.

Front 26

Examples of Reoviruses and their medical importance?

Back 26

Reovirus- Colorado tick fever
Rotavirus- number one cause of fatal diarrhea in children

Front 27

Structure of Picornavirus?

Back 27

No envelope, ssRNA, linear, icosahedral capsid.

Front 28

Examples of Picornaviruses and their medical importance?

Back 28

Poliovirus- vaccines Salk (killed) and Sabin (oral live attenuated)
Echovirus- aseptic meningitis
Rhinovirus- common cold
Coxsackievirus- aseptic meningitis, herpangina (ulcers and sores in mouth), febrile pharyngitis, hand/foot/mouth disease, myocarditis
Hepatitis A Virus- acute viral hepatitis

Front 29

Structure of Flavivirus?

Back 29

Envelope, ssRNA, linear, icosahedral capsid.

Front 30

Examples of Flaviviruses and their medical importance?

Back 30

Hepatitis C virus
Yellow fever
Dengue
St. Louis encephalitis
West Nile virus

Front 31

Clinical presentation of rubella?

Back 31

German 3 day measles
Fever, lymphadenopathy, arthalgias, fine truncal rash, mild disease.
Serious congenital disease

Front 32

Structure of Togavirus?

Back 32

Envelope, ssRNA, linear, icosahedral capsid.

Front 33

Examples of Togaviruses?

Back 33

Rubella, eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis

Front 34

What are ToRCHeS infections? What are some clinical manifestations and findings?

Back 34

Infections acquired in utero that cause significant congenital disease. Hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and some cause meningitis

What agents cause ToRCHeS infections?

Hint 34

Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, CMV, HIV, HSV, Syphilis- as well as others: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep), E.coli, Listeria monocytogenes

Front 35

HIV- maternal manifestations and neonatal manifestations

Back 35

Maternal: Variable presentation depending on CD4 count
Neonatal: recurrent infections and chronic diarrhea

Front 36

Rubella- maternal manifestations and neonatal manifestations

Back 36

Maternal: rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis
Neonatal: PDA or pulmonary artery hypoplasia, cataracts, deafness, and +- "blueberry muffin" rash

Front 37

Cytomeglovirus- maternal manifestations and neonatal manifestations

Back 37

Maternal: usually asymptomatic, mononucleosis-like illness
Neonatal:hearing loss, seizures

Front 38

Herpes Simplex Virus- maternal manifestations and neonatal manifestations

Back 38

Maternal: Usually asymptomatic, herpetic lesions (vesicular)
Neonatal: encephalitis, herpetic lesions (vesicular)

Front 39

What is the structure of a retrovirus?

Back 39

Envelope, ssRNA, linear, icosahedral capsid
*has reverse transcriptase

Front 40

Classical presentation of rubeola?

Back 40

Cough, coryza (head cold), conjunctivitis, koplik spots

What are some possible sequlae and complications of rubeola?

Hint 40

Subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis, encephalitis, giant cell pneumonia

Front 41

What do koplik spots look like? Distribution?

Back 41

Small white spots with an erythematous halo (grains of sand) that spreads from head to toe

Front 42

Examples of retroviruses and their medical importance?

Back 42

HIV-AIDS
HTLV (human lymphotropic virus) causes T cell leukemia

Front 43

Structure and examples of Coronaviruses?

Back 43

Envelope, ssRNA, linear, helical capsid
Coronavirus can cause the common cold and SARS

Front 44

Structure of Paramyxovirus?

Back 44

Envelope, ssRNA, linear (nonsegmented), helical capsid.

Front 45

Examples of paramyxoviruses?

Back 45

Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles (Rubeola)
Mumps

Front 46

Structure and examples of Filovirus?

Back 46

Envelope, ssRNA, linear, helical capsid.
Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever (which is often fatal)

Front 47

Structure and examples of Arenaviruses?

Back 47

Envelope, ssRNA, circular (2 segments), helical capsid.
Examples are LCMV (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) and Lassa fever encephalitis (spread by mice)

Front 48

Structure of Bunyavirus?

Back 48

Envelope, ssRNA, circular (3 segments), helical capsid.

Front 49

Examples and medical importance of Bunyaviruses?

Back 49

California encephalitis
Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Hantavirus- hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia

Front 50

Negative stranded viruses

Back 50

Arena bunya paramyxo orthomyxo fill rhabdo

Always bring polymerase or fail replication

Front 51

Segmented viruses

Back 51

Bunya ortho arena reo

BOAR

Front 52

Name the picornaviruses

Back 52

Polio echo rhino coxsackie HAV

Perch on a peak (pico)

Front 53

Clinical complications of picornavirus?

Back 53

Aseptic meningitis (except rhino and HAV)

Front 54

Replication and activation of picornavirus?

Back 54

RNA is translated into one large polypeptide. Proteases cleave it into functional viral proteins.

Front 55

Yellow fever- transmission, reservoir and symptoms?

Back 55

Transmitted by Aedes Mosquitos,
Reservoir is humans or monkeys.
Symptoms are high fever, black vomitus, jaundice

Histological findings?

Hint 55

Councilman bodies (acidophilic inclusions) seen in liver

Front 56

Pathogenesis of rotavirus?

Back 56

Villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of sodium and water. Dehydration leads to metabolic acidosis and death.

Front 57

Structure of influenza virus?

Back 57

ssRNA, envelope, segmented genome, hemagglutinin to promote viral entry and neurominidase to promote progeny viral release.

Front 58

Pandemic versus epidemic?

Back 58

Pandemics are caused by genetic SHIFTS
Epidemics are caused by genetic DRIFTS

Front 59

Symptoms of mumps?

Back 59

Parotitis, Orchitis, aseptic Meningitis... Can cause sterility
(mumps makes your parotids and testes as big as POM poms)

Front 60

Progression of rabies?

Back 60

Fever, malaise > travels up nerve axons to CNS to cause agitation > photophobia, hydrophobia > paralysis, coma > death

Why can you be immunized after exposure?

Hint 60

Because rabies has a long incubation period - weeks to months

Front 61

Structure and histological findings in rabies?

Back 61

Rhabdovirus with bullet shaped capsid and envelope, ssRNA.
Histo: negri bodies as cytoplasmic inclusions

Front 62

What are some Arboviruses?

Back 62

Dengue fever, hemorrhagic shock syndrome, yellow fever, some members of flavivirus, togavirus, bunyavirus

Transmission of Arboviruses?

Hint 62

Arthropods (mosquitos and ticks)

Front 63

Rubella
Rubeola
Roseola

Back 63

Rubella: German 3day measles, togavirus, fine rash starts at head and moves down
Rubeola: Measles, paramyxovirus, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, koplik spots head to toe
Roseola: HHV6, high fevers followed by diffuse maculopapular rash

Front 64

Varicella
Variola

Back 64

Herpesvirus, chickenpox, shingles
Poxvirus, smallpox

Front 65

What viral families are the hepatitis viruses from?

Back 65

HAV RNA picornavirus
HBV DNA hepadnavirus
HCV RNA flavivirus
HDV delta agent
HEV RNA hepevirus

Front 66

Measles
Mumps

Back 66

Measles: Rubeola, paramyxovirus, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots head to toe

Mumps: Paramyxovirus, no rash, parotitis, meningitis, orchitis/oophoritis

Front 67

What causes Hand-foot-mouth diesase? How does it present?

Back 67

Coxsackievirus type A- vesicular rash on palms and soles, ulcers in oral mucosa

Front 68

What causes Scarlet fever? How does it present?

Back 68

Streptococcus pyogenes- erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat

Front 69

What causes Erythema infectiosum?
How does it present?
Complications in pregnancy?

Back 69

Parvovirus B19- "slapped-cheek" rash on face later appears over body in lace-like pattern
In pregnancy it can cause hydrops fetalis