Final Mycology Exam

Front 1

Fungi General Characteristics

Back 1

• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophic
• Polymorphic

Front 2

Cell wall contains

Back 2

chitin

Front 3

Cell membrane contains

Back 3

• egosterol
• mannans
• glucans

Front 4

Phyla

Back 4

• Ascomycota
• Basidiomycota
• Zygomycota
• Deuteromycota "Fungi imperfecti"- no sexual form
• Chytridiomycota- agriculture, cold blooded animals

Front 5

Classes

Back 5

• Ascomycetes- Saccharomyces, Candida, Coccidiodies, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Curvularia
• Basidiomycetes- Cyrptococcus, tirchosporon, Malesezzia, Rhodotorula
• Zygomycetes- Order- Mucorales- Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Cunninghamella

Front 6

Yeast

Back 6

• Candida

• Cryptococcus

• Malasezzia

• Trichosporon

• Rhodotorula

• Geotrichum

Front 7

Dimorphic

Back 7

• B. dermatitidis

• H. capsulatum

• C. immitis

• P. brasilensis

• S. schenkii

• P. marneffi

Front 8

Hyaline

Back 8

• Aspergillus
  
• Fusarium
• Gliocladum
• Paecilomyces
• Penicillium

Front 9

Zygomycete

Back 9

• Scedosporium
• Scopulariopsis
• Trichoderma
• Absidia
• Cunninghamella
• Mucor
• Rhizopus
• Rhizomucor

Front 10

Dematiaceous

Back 10

• Alternaria
• Bipolaris
• Cladosporium
• Curvularia
• E. jeanselmei
• Foncea

Front 11

Dermatophytes

Back 11

• Microsporium
• Trichophyton
• E. floccosum

Front 12

True Hypae

Back 12

• Parallel sides
• Non septate
• no constrictions

Front 13

Pseudohyphae

Back 13

• not necessarily parallel
• maybe septate
• constricted

Front 14

Chromagar C. ablicans

Back 14

green

Front 15

Chromagar C. tropicalis

Back 15

steel blue

Front 16

Chromagar C. krusei

Back 16

dark purple

Front 17

Chromagar C. glabrata

Back 17

light pink

Front 18

How to ID Candidiasis

Back 18

Find pseudohyphae and blastoconidia

Front 19

Candidiasis

Back 19

• Normal floraPerson-to-person, Exogenous/endogenous
• Superficial to desseminated, hemotogenous route
• Erythematous, diaper rash, onychomycosis, thrush, cheilitis
• Pregnant, DM, antibiotics, HIV, steroid use
• Initiates inflamm. and cell-med immunity

Front 20

Yeast with growth at 42C

Back 20

• C. ablicans
  
• C. krusei

Front 21

Yeast that grow in the presence of cycloheximide

Back 21

• C. albicans
• C. dublinensis
• C. tropicalis
• C. parapsilosis
• C. keyr
• C. guilliermondii

Front 22

Germ tube positive

Back 22

• C. albican
  
• C. dublinensis

Front 23

Candida negative for Cycloheximide, growth at 42, and germ tube

Back 23

C. lusitaniae

Front 24

Differentiate C. dublinensis and C. albicans

Back 24

• C. albicans Methy-D-glu +

• C. dublinensis: more chlamydospores than C. albicans

Front 25

C. albicans Characteristics

Back 25

• Macro: smooth white colonies with feet like extensions
• Micro: sparse hyphae, 90 deg branching, terminal chlamydospores
• 50% of candidiasis cases

Front 26

C. glabrata characterisitics

Back 26

• Grows better on EMB than SBA
• Resistant to azole antifungals
• UTIs
• Small ovoid yeast

Front 27

C. tropicalis characteristics

Back 27

• Candidemia in oncology patients
• Leukemia patients
• Sparse single or short chained blastoconidia
• Between septa of pseudohyphae

Front 28

C. parapsilosis characterisitics

Back 28

• High MIC for echinocandins

• Candidemia in pediatrics

• fake fingernails

• short much branched pseudohyphae

• Spider like/tree like pattern

• 2-3 blastoconidia in small clusters

• Endocarditis/Endophalitis

Front 29

C. krusei characterisitics

Back 29

• Resistant to fluconazole
• Fallen tree or matchstick hyphae
• Blastoconidia large and oval
• Granulopenia
• BM transplants

Front 30

C. keyfr (pseudotropicalis) characteristics

Back 30

• Resistant to antifungals
• Cigar shaped highly branched pseduohyphae
• "logs in a stream"
• Catheter related

Front 31

C. guilliermondii characterisitic

Back 31

• Cutaneous infections
• Short pseudohyphae
• Small groups of blastoconidia at septate

Front 32

C. lusitaniae characterisitics

Back 32

• Develops resistance to Ampho. B
• pseudohyphae slenders branched and curved
• Short chains elongate blastoconidia
• Hospitalized/opportunistic infection

Front 33

C. neoformans

Back 33

• Serogroups A and D

• Pulmonary can desseminated to CNS

• Associated with pigeons, chickens, or turkey

• HIV pts with CD4 counts less than 100

• Basidiomycete: resistant to echinocandins

• Lateral budding no pseudohyphae

• +: inositiol, urea, india ink, caffeic acid

• =: cycloheximide, CGB

Front 34

C. gatti

Back 34

• Associated with eucalyptus in India
• Canavanine glycine bromothymol blue +
• non-immunocompromised can be affected

Front 35

Dimorphic fungi are all

Back 35

• Pathogens
• Slow growers
• Evade the immune system by phase shift

Front 36

Culture considerations for Dimorphic yeast

Back 36

• Yeast: 24-48hrs, 37C
  
• Mold: LCB stain, tease prep, Agar slide, Growth at Room temp.

Front 37

Blastomyces dermatitidis / Blastomycosis

Back 37

• Inhalation 50% asymptomatic
• Resembles TB; abcess with granuloma can become chronic
• Yeast: broad based budding yeast yellow to buff
• Confuse with T. rubrum, Scedosporium apiospermum
• Mold: grey white light buff, hyaline hyphae delicate, condiophore at right angles, conidia: unicelllular oval pyriform "lollipops"

Front 38

Histoplasma capsulatum/Histoplasmosis

Back 38

• 95% asymp.
• dubosii- Africa no pulmonary
• Soil rich in bird/bat droppings
• RES/thyroid, can be found in blood (mononuclear cells)
• Calcifications in liver, lungs, spleen can detect capsular Ag
• Yeast: narrow based budding yeast yellow white
• Mold: white turns grey to grey brown, macro(large tuberculate with fingerlike projections) and microconidia(short lateral pegs)

Front 39

Coccidioides immitis

Back 39

• Virulent, no yeast at 37C, windborne in dust
• 60% + skin test
• Chronic coin lesions
• Systemic pulmonary to lung, skin, bones, meninges
• Spherule: granulomatous
• Mold: grey white, barrel shaped arthroconidia with disjunctor cells

Front 40

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis/Paracoccidioidomycosis

Back 40

• In soil, fruit bats, armadillos
• South and Central america
• Pulmonary, tooth loss, cervical lymphoadeno.
• can surface 10-20 years after exposure
• disseminates to lymph nodes, skin, mucous membranes
• Yeast: mariners wheel
• Mold:BHI agar 10-20 days, R: yellow brown

Front 41

Penicillium marneffei

Back 41

• Opportunisitic/inhalation pulmonary
• Acne-like pimples
• Mold: bluish-grey green with white edges, R: red pigment, resemble penicillium
• Yeast: slightly pink glabrous, round to oval yeast fission

Front 42

Sporothrix Schenckii/Sporothrichosis

Back 42

• Tropics/Subtropics
• Direct inoculation
• Subacute to chronic cutaneous/subcutaneous
• osteoarthritis
• Mold: grey whit turns brown/brown black, delicate conidiophores rosettes
• Yeast: white turn buff brown to brown black, oval to elliptical single bud, cigar shape

Front 43

Anamorph

Back 43

• asexual stage
  
• hyphae
• arthroconidia
• spherules

Front 44

Telomorph

Back 44

• sexual form

Front 45

Hyaline general characteristics

Back 45

• Saprophytic
• slow growers
• cycloheximide =

Front 46

Hyalohypomycosis

Back 46

• Tissue morphology is mycelial

• Acute invasive illness in immunocomp.

• prolonged granulocytopenia

• receiving antibiotics for fever

• Hyphae irregular branch at 45 and 90

• Phialides conidia in closed lesions

Front 47

Mycetoma

Back 47

• Tumefaction

• Draining sinuses

• Sclerotic granules

• Hyaline and dematiaceous

Front 48

Aspergillosis

Back 48

• Fungus ball (Aspergilloma_
  
• Allergic rhinitis
• Nail infection
• Mycotoxiosis: A. flavus, A. versicolor, A.nidulans
• dichotomous branching 45
• Radial pattern
• Hyphae parallel

Front 49

Hyaline cutlure

Back 49

• Sputum, BAL
  
• Lungs, sinus, skin, heart,
• No blood culture
• Media: SAB, BHA, IMA
• Differential: Tryptone, Ferric ion (yellow pigment), rapid growth

Front 50

Scedosporium boydii

Back 50

• Asexual: mycetoma hand or feet, cycloheximide +
• Phaeohyphomycosis
• Sexual state: Pseudoallescheria boydii

Front 51

Aspergillus fumigatus

Back 51

• Respiratory sinusitis
• Most common aspergillosis. Will grow at 45
• Rapidly growing granular: blue green slate grey R: white to yellow
• Conidiophores: short colorless
• Uniseriate
• Philaides 3/4 around
• Chains of round conidia

Front 52

Aspergillus flavus

Back 52

• Aflatoxin, liver damage liver caner
• Rapidly growing granular yellow olive-green R: white-yellow
• Rough round conidiophore
• vesicle: Biseriate/Uniseriate
• Entire vesicle round smooth or rough

Front 53

Aspergillus niger

Back 53

• ear infections
• black powdery
• R: cream
• Conidiophore: long smooth
• Round vesicle Biseriate
• philalides around entire vesicle

Front 54

Aspergillus terreus

Back 54

• nail, skin, eye, systemic
• Amphotericin B resistnat
• Cinnamon-tan R: white to tan
• Short compact columnar heads
• Biseriate phialides cover top half of vesicle
• round chains of conidia

Front 55

Aspergillus ustus

Back 55

• Rare cutaneous pathogen
• Infection in solid organ transplant
• decreased susceptibility to anitfungals
• Grow on 25C potato
• Yellow diffusing pigement Exudate: clear-yellow to purple bronw
• Hulle cells: sexual state

Front 56

Acremonium

Back 56

• Mycetoma, corneal, nail infection, rarely invasive
• compact surface folded; overgrown whitel cottony aerial
• White grey or rose in color R: colorless
• Delicate fine narrow hyphae septate unbranched
• Tapered phialides small oblong 1-celled conidia in clusters at tips of phialides

Front 57

Penicillium

Back 57

• Most don't grow at 37C

• Cycloheximide =

• initially white to blue-green, grey-green olive R: white

• Simple/branched conidophores

• Flask shaped phialides form brush like clusters conidia round unicellular in chains

Front 58

Gliocladium

Back 58

• Contaminant rarely a disease

• Fluffy white pinkish green at center R: white

• Similar to penicillium conidia clump forming balls

Front 59

Paecilomyces variottii

Back 59

• cycloheximide =
• conidia elliptical
• tan yellow brown to olive green R: white
• 2-7 long flask shaped phialides in clusters
• grows in less than equal to 50C

Front 60

Paecilomyces lilacinus

Back 60

• cycloheximide =
• conidia elliptical
• pink mauve or lilac R: white
• Flask shaped phialides
• Chains of conidiophores at tip of phialides
• grows in less than or equal to 37C

Front 61

Fusarium

Back 61

• Fusariosis

• Ocular infections, Fungal blood culture

• wooly to cottony white to pink to purple R: white to pink

• Phialides branched/unbranched

• Macroconidia 2 or more celled thick walled canoe shape, Micro: arranged in balls on simple conidiophores

Front 62

Scopulariopsis

Back 62

• Nail infections/BM transplant pts
• Cinnamon brown grey or creamy
• Chains of single anneloconidia basiptal succession in groups or alone
• Conidia: round to lightbulb shape usually truncate
• Smooth to rough hyaline to brown in color
• Brumptii: chains, Brevicalus: fans

Front 63

Processing Superficial/Cutaneous

Back 63

• Hair (base), skin (margins), nails (nail beds)

• KOH/calcofluor

Front 64

Processing tissue

Back 64

• can add saline or broth
• Mincing: zygomycetes
• Grinding: H. capsulatum

Front 65

Processing blood/Bone marrow

Back 65

• blood culture bottle
• Lysis centrifugetion system: Wampole isolator
• Biphasic blood culture (liquid agar)

Front 66

Processing CSF

Back 66

• Centrifuge to concentrate
  
• Incoulate microscopically examine
• India ink
• CALAS
• can follow quantitatively over time

Front 67

Processing sputum

Back 67

• No NALC/NaOH (reserve for Mycobacterium)
• Select blood, pus, or caseous material since dimorphic yeast can grow in TB agar

Front 68

Periodic Acid-Schiff

Back 68

• Color of Fungi: Magenta (must be alive)
• Background: pink or green
• Detects glycogen

Front 69

Gomori Methenamine silver

Back 69

• Color of fungi: black

• Background: green

• Detects: carbohydrates

• Dead or alive and Pneumocystic

Front 70

Giemsa

Back 70

• Yeast: Purple-blue , halo for capsule
  
• Background: pink-purple
• Detect: A-T

Front 71

India Ink

Back 71

• Yeast with clear halo
  
• Background: black
  

Front 72

KOH

Back 72

• Refractile
• Background: Clear

Front 73

KOH-Calcofluor white

Back 73

• Fluorescent

• Background: Dark

• Chitin and Cellulose

Front 74

Masson-Fontana

Back 74

• Fungi: Brown

• Background: pink-purple

• Melanin

• Dematiaceous

• Cryptococcus

Front 75

H&E

Back 75

• Aspergillus and Zygomycetes use with GMS
  
• Fungi: Pink-red
• Background: Pink
• Visual of host response to organ

Front 76

Funigflour wet mounts

Back 76

• Can't determine pigment

• Yeast, mold, pneumocytosis

• beta-linked polysaccharide in cell wall of fungi

Front 77

Plates for yeast

Back 77

• BAP
• CNA
• SDA
• Emmon's Agar decrease glucose, more neutral pH

Front 78

Plates for mold

Back 78

• SDA/SAB

• Potato- enhance reproductive structures

• BHI-dimorphic

• Inhibitory- chloraphenicol+gentamicin

• Mysocel- chloraphenical+ cycloheximide

• RT or 37C dimorphic 4-6 weeks

Front 79

Microscopic Exam Fungal Growth

Back 79

• Scotch tape
• Slide
• Tease
• Use lactophenol blue

Front 80

Zygomycetes General Characteristics

Back 80

• Rapidly growing
• lid-lifters
• steel wool appearance
• fast progressing disease: tissue destruction eventual dissemination
• Large aseptate hyaline hyphae

Front 81

Rhinocerebral

Back 81

• sinus/brain
  
• pulmonary
  
• cutaneous
  

Front 82

At Risk for zygomycetes

Back 82

• DM
• HIV
• immunocompromised
• hematological malignanices
• transplant patients

Front 83

Rhizopus

Back 83

• Most common isolates
• Macro: white grey R: white
• Sporangiophores: long unbranched
• Rhizoids: nodal
• Sporangium: round sproangium
• Columella: spherical or elongated
• Best growth at 45C

Front 84

Absidia

Back 84

• Macro: white R: grey
• Sporangiophores: branched
• Rhizoid: internodal/sparse
• Sporangium: present
• apophysis: funnel shaped

Front 85

Mucor

Back 85

• Macro: flat growth R: white
• Sporangiophores: short-curved, long-straight, branched or unbranched
• Sporangium round hyaline or dematiaceous round
• grows best <37C

Front 86

Rhizomucor

Back 86

• Zygomycosis in leukekmia patients
• inhibited by cycloheximide
• Sporangiophores: long branched, internodal branched irregular short
• Sporangium: round

Front 87

Cunninghamella

Back 87

• Rare
• aggressive zygomycetes
• Macro: grey R: white
• Micro: long branched-sporangiophore end in swollen vesicles covered in spine like dentricles contain sporangiolum

Front 88

Syncephalastrum

Back 88

• Contaminant, dark grey R: white

• Sporangiophores: short branched sporangiophores terminate in round vesicles each covered in chains of round spores enclosed in tubular sporangia

Front 89

Dematiaceous General Characteristics

Back 89

• Darkly pigmented
• Produce melanin
• Wet mount: pinched sausage shaped hyphae
• Opportunisitic
• Contaminate puncture wounds
• Can lead to pneumonia
• Macroscopic: dark colored reverse
• Microscopic: Pigmented septate microcondia

Front 90

Dematiaceous Disease states

Back 90

• Chromoblastomycosis
• Phaeohyphomycosis
• Eumycotic mycetoma

Front 91

Chromoblastomycosis

Back 91

• Cutaneous/Subcutaneous tissue

• Sclerotic bodies (copper pennies); binary fission

• Chronic slowly progressive

• crusted, verrucose, wart-like lesion

• bare foot population tropics, decaying vegetative soil

• F. pedrosoi, P. verrucosa, E. jenaselmei, Cladiophora, Rhinocladiella

Front 92

Phaeohyphomycosis

Back 92

• Fungal sinusitus

• granulomas (no granules)

• primary cutaneous in immunocompromised

• subcutaneous infections

• BRAIN ABSCESS (systemic)

• "string of beads"

• worldwide

• Alternaria, Bipolaris, Edermatididitis, E. jeanselmei, Black piedra, Tinea Nigra

Front 93

Eumycotic Mycetoma

Back 93

• Subcutaneous infection
• Tumor like lesions w/ granules
• Fibrosis: long standing infection
• Tropics
• Can be caused by hyaline infections
• Nocardia, Streptomyces, Actinomadura, P. boydii, Rhinocladiella, Madurella, E. jeanselmei, Curvularia, Phialophoria

Front 94

Molds with yeast like colonies

Back 94

• Black yeast like
  
• Exophila jeanselmei
• Exophilia (Wangiella) dermatitidis
• Hortae werneckii

Front 95

Molds with multi-celled conidia

Back 95

• Muriform: transverse and vertical septate: Alternaria, Ulocladium (contaminant)
  
• Transverse: Bipolaris, Curvularia, Exserohilum
  

Front 96

Molds with single cell conidia

Back 96

• All types: Fonsecaea
  
• Single: Rhinocladiella
  
• Chains: Cladosporium, Cladophialophora
  
• Clusters: Phialophore
  

Front 97

Exophiala jeanselmei

Back 97

• Mucoid olive brown R: dark brown
• Slow grower 25-37C
• brown septate hyphae
• brown phialides cylindrical
• oval brown unicellular conidia in clusters
• Chlamydospores may be present

Front 98

Exophila (Wangiella) dermatitidis

Back 98

• Mucoid olive brown R: dark brown
• Slow grower 25-37C
• brown septate hyphae
• Young: budding yeast Older: hyphae phialides
• Phialides brown, flask shaped lack collarettes
• brown conidia clusters at ends of phialide and down side of conidiophore

Front 99

Alternaria

Back 99

• Muriform
• Multi-celled
• brown simple conidiophores
• chains of beak like apical cells
• angular cross wall tapered at distal end

Front 100

Bipolaris

Back 100

• Multi-celled
• transverse septate
• Allergic sinusitis
• brown geniculate conidiophores
• brown conidia fusoid 3-6 cells

Front 101

Curvularia

Back 101

• Multi-cells
• transverse septate
• eyes and sinuses
• brown simple or branched conidiophores
• slightly curved conidia
• central cell grows faser, sympoidal conidiophores (boomerang)

Front 102

Exerohilum

Back 102

• nasal, sinus, skin cornea
• pencil shaped smooth walled macroconidia
• thickening of the outer wall
• nipple like extensions

Front 103

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

Back 103

• conidiophores cylindrical inflated tip
• conidia unicellular ellipsoid to round, formed sympodially in successive rank
• chains longer than 5 cells
• chromoblastomycosis in South America

Front 104

Phialophora verrucosa

Back 104

• 2nd most common agent of chromoblastomycosis
• can cause phaeohyphomycosis
• phialides vase shaped with cup like collaretted
• round to oval conidia at tip of phialides

Front 105

Cladophialophora carrionii

Back 105

• olivaceous-black in color chains
• single cell clusters

Front 106

Rhinocladiella

Back 106

• singular cell clusters

Front 107

Tinea nigra Hortae

Back 107

• Mold
• Phaeoannellomyces werneckii
• palms of hand, soles of feet
• outermost layer of skin hyper keratosis

Front 108

Black piedra

Back 108

• Piedraia hortae
• Dematiaceous fungi
• Hard black nodules outside scalp hair

Front 109

White piedra

Back 109

• soft white nodules shaft of hair
• Trichosporon ovoides (scalp)
• Trichosporon inkin (pubic)

Front 110

Trichosporon

Back 110

• Yeast like, superficial cutaneous infections
• Hyphae, blastoconidia, arthroconidia
• Urea +
• Cycloheximide -
• Non-fermenter
• Resistant to ecchinocandins
• Cross reacts with ELISA for cryptococcal Ag test

Front 111

Geotrichum

Back 111

• Yeast like colonizes human respiratory/GI tract
• Rare/opportunistic infections
• Geotrichosis
• Optimal growth at 25C
• Non fermenter
• Urea: variable
• consecutive formation of rectangular hyphae, no blastoconidia

Front 112

Malassezia furfur

Back 112

• Tinea versicolor

• Spaghetti/meatballs

• superfical infection, hypopigment

• requires long chain fatty acid, overlay SAB with olive oil

• daughter cell from collarettes (bowling pins)

Front 113

Saccharomyces cerevisae

Back 113

• intestinal tract
• Rarely cause infection
• Acid fast: ascospores
• urease =
• large oval blastoconidia
• multipolar budding
• no hyphae/pseudohyphae

Front 114

Rhodotorula

Back 114

• Yeast associated with water source
• Rarely causes infection
• Basidiomycete
• Red, pink, orange yeast
• Grows at RT
• Urease +
• Non fermenter
• No hyphae/pseudohyphae

Front 115

Tinea/Ringworm

Back 115

• Fungal infection of the skin/hair/nails
• ring-shaped may be raised itchy
• person to person contact, fomites, animals

Front 116

Dermatophytes

Back 116

• Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton

• no living tissue invaded

• extracellular enzymes hydrolyze keratin

• allergic and inflammation response to host

• Endothrix- in the hair shaft

• Ectothrix-form a sheath of spores on the outside of the hair as well as with in

Front 117

Geophilic

Back 117

M. gypseum

Front 118

Zoophilic

Back 118

M. canis

Front 119

Antrhopophilic

Back 119

Trichophyton tonsurans

Front 120

Dermatophytosis

Back 120

• Symptoms 4-14 days itching, redness, scaling, ring shaped rash
• abcess, cellulitis, hair falls out
• Diagnosis: Wood's lamp, skin scrapings treated with KOH/fungal culture
• Culture: 7-14 days must hold 21 days for negative

Front 121

Trichophyton

Back 121

• Macroconidia: rare
• Microconidia: abundant
  
• Hair, skin, nail

Front 122

Microsporium

Back 122

• Macroconidia: abundant
  
• Microconidia: rare
  
• Hair, skin

Front 123

Epidermophyton

Back 123

• Macroconidia: abundant
  

• Microconidia: never
  

• skin, nails

Front 124

Urease

Back 124

• Neg: T. rubrum
• Pos: T. tonsurans, T. mentagrophytes

Front 125

Hair perforation

Back 125

• Neg: T. rubrum
• Pos: T. tonsurans, T. mentagrophytes
  

Front 126

Woods lamp

Back 126

• Tinea (pityriasis) versicolor, fluoresces pale yellow/white
• M. microsporum- blue-green

Front 127

Head

Back 127

• Tinea capitis
  
• Tinea favosa
  

Front 128

Beard

Back 128

Tinea barbae

Front 129

Body

Back 129

Tinea corporis

Tinea imbricata

Front 130

Hand

Back 130

Tinea manum

Front 131

Nails

Back 131

Tinea unguium

Front 132

Groin

Back 132

Tinea cruris

Front 133

Feet

Back 133

Tinea peds

Front 134

T. rubrum

Back 134

• Most common dermatophyte

• Skin, nails

• anthropophilic

• Urease/ Hair perforations:=, N/A nutrients

• Slow growing white cottony R: water soluble red pigment

• septated non pigmented hyphae

• Micro egg shaped "birds on a fence"

• macro-rare pencil shaped elongated

Front 135

T. tonsurans

Back 135

• Most common cause of tinea capitis
• Hair and skin
• anthropophlic
• Urease, Hair perf. +, thiamine
• seude like folded center pale butt yellow brown R: deep mahogany
• Elongated club shaped balloon shaped, small tear drop right angle to hyphae
• Thin wall, clavate rare

Front 136

T. mentagrophytes

Back 136

• sink, nails
• zoophilic
• Urease +
• mod growing powdery white to cream R: yellow-brown to reddish brown

Front 137

M.canis

Back 137

• woods lamp+
• hair, skin
• zoophilic
• ectothrix
• flat wooly to cottony white R: deep yellow
• occasional club shaped
• numerous thick wall spindle shaped multicelled knob like ends

Front 138

E. floccosum

Back 138

• "jock itch"
• onychomycosis of big toe nail
• antropophilic
• yellow- yellow tan raised and folded in center
• many chlamydospore present
• Beaver tails 2-6 cells single or clusters