Final In Repro

Front 1

Where are Sperm made ?

Back 1

Seminiferous tubules

Front 2

What is the Cremaster muscle?

Back 2

A skeletal muscle aiding in venous return

Front 3

What are Sertoli cells?

Back 3

Nurse cell; helps with spermatogenesis as tight junctions are formed between these

Front 4

What does the Tail of the epididymis do?

Back 4

Stores sperm until ejaculation

Front 5

What is the Tunica albuginea?

Back 5

A white coat that is made of connective tissue and helps give structure to the testis

Front 6

List 3 structures that the male has that allow for proper temperature for developing sperm?

Back 6

Pampiniform plexus

Tunica dartos

Sweat glands

Front 7

Steroidogenic pathway 5

Back 7

Cholesterol

Pregnenolone

Progesterone

Testosterone

Estrogen

Front 8

Mesometrium

Back 8

A portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterus

Front 9

Myometrium

Back 9

Muscle layer of the uterus

Front 10

Isthmus

Back 10

A portion of the oviduct that contains primarily smooth muscle that transport gametes

Front 11

Rectogenital pouch

Back 11

Separates the rectum from the reproductive tract

Front 12

Ovary

Back 12

Female gonad

Front 13

List the correct order of how a sperm leaves the seminiferous tubules 6

Back 13

Seminiferous tubules

Testis

Efferent ducts

Epididymis

Vas deferens

Urethra

Front 14

How does decreased light translate into ewes cycling in the fall in ND

Back 14

Decreased light decreases the stimulation on the retina which increases melatonin and GnRH

Front 15

What organ makes melatonin?

Back 15

Pineal

Front 16

What happens to the uterotubular junction during times of high estrogen, such as heat?

Back 16

It kinks

Front 17

The site of fertilization is?

Back 17

Ampullary ismic junction

Front 18

Where do steroids get metabolized?

Back 18

Liver

Front 19

What anatomical structure secretes the majority of mucus for lubrication of the vagina?

Back 19

Cervix

Front 20

Name a species with a pendulous scrotom

Back 20

Bull

Front 21

If a male is short scrotum is he sterile or fertile?

Back 21

Sterile

Front 22

Name a species with a fibro elastic penis

Back 22

Boar

Front 23

What is the function of the retractor penis muscle?

Back 23

The symoid flexor retracts the penis and extends

Front 24

What is the function of the Sella tursica?

Back 24

Protects the pituitary

Front 25

What is a hormone?

Back 25

A substance released by a ductless gland that goes into the blood stream

Front 26

What is the gubernaculum?

Back 26

Ligament needed for testis descent

Front 27

What is the hypothalamo hypophyseal portal system and why is it important?

Back 27

Capillary network between hypothalamus and antipituitary prevents degradation of GnRH

Front 28

Name an animal that is polyestrus?

Back 28

Cow

Front 29

When progesterone levels are high, why don't follicles reach ovulatory size?

Back 29

LH limited

Front 30

What is luteolysis?

Back 30

It kills the CL

Front 31

What tissues makes and secretes leptin?

Back 31

Fats

Front 32

What does it mean to be unilaterally cryptorchid? Would this individual be sterile or fertile?

Back 32

One doesn't descend making him still fertile

Front 33

What is the substance needed to initiate the response of the target tissue involved in the neuroendocrine reflex?

Back 33

Neurohormone

Front 34

Oxytocin source and molecule

Back 34

Peptide and hypothalamus

Front 35

Testosterone match molecule and source

Back 35

Steroid and leydig cell

Front 36

LH match molecule and source

Back 36

Glycoprotein and anterior pituitary

Front 37

PGF2 alfa match molecule and source

Back 37

Fatty acid endometrium

Front 38

FSH match molecule and source

Back 38

Glycoprotein anterior pituitary

Front 39

Metestrus match ovarian structure and hormone

Back 39

Increase progesterone, decrease estrogen. Corpus hemorrhagicum

Front 40

Estrus ovarian structure and hormone

Back 40

Maximal estrogen, minimal progesterone and ovulatory follicle

Front 41

Proestrus ovarian structure and hormone

Back 41

Increase estrogen, decrease progesterone corpus Albicans

Front 42

Diestrus ovarian structure and pattern

Back 42

Maximal progesterone and minimal estrogen and corpus luteum

Front 43

What is a free martin?

Back 43

A free martin is a female co twin male

Front 44

Is a free martin sterile or fertile?why

Back 44

Sterile, because of no mullarian ducts

Front 45

Does is free martin look male or female?

Back 45

Female because of the vulva

Front 46

Which hypothalamic nuclei does the male not have?

Back 46

Preoptic nuclei

Front 47

Which hormone is responsible for destroying the nuclei

Back 47

Estrogen

Front 48

Why is the female nuclei protected

Back 48

Alpha-fetoprotein

Front 49

What is the testicle?

Back 49

Indifferent gonad

Front 50

What are the seminiferous tubules ?

Back 50

Primary sex cords

Front 51

What is the oocyte?

Back 51

Primordial germ cell

Front 52

What is the anterior pituitary?

Back 52

Roof of the mouth (rathke's pouch)

Front 53

What is the urethra?

Back 53

Urogenital sinus

Front 54

How are steroids carried through the blood?

Back 54

They conjugate

Front 55

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones located?

Back 55

Nucleus

Front 56

After steroid hormone binds to its receptor what steps occur to make a new protein project and the target tissue?

Back 56

Transcription translation

Front 57

Where are the receptors for protein hormones located

Back 57

Plasma membrane

Front 58

What does pgf2 alpha do and does it increase follicle pressure or weaken the follicle wall?

Back 58

Stimulates lysosomal enzymes and weakens the follicular wall

Front 59

What does PGE do and does it increase the follicular pressure or weaken the follicular wall?

Back 59

Increases blood flow to the ovary causing edema and increases follicular pressure

Front 60

What does progesterone do and does it increase follicular pressure or weekend the follicular wall?

Back 60

Stimulates collagenase and weakens the follicular wall

Front 61

What EC does granulosa cell of a growing follicle belong to and what major steroid is secreted and the predominant type of receptor it contains

Back 61

EC4, estrogen, FSH

Front 62

What EC does Theca Interna cell of a growing follicle have and what steroid does it secrete and what receptor does it contain?

Back 62

EC 123, testosterone,LH

Front 63

What EC complex does the granulosa cell from a pre ovulatory follicle belong to and what steroid is secreted and what receptor does it contain?

Back 63

EC12,progesterone, LH

Front 64

What is the EC for the Theca Interna cell from a pre ovulatory follicle and what steroid does it secrete and what receptor does it contain?

Back 64

EC 12,progesterone, LH

Front 65

What follicle cell type will the granulosa cell turn into? And what is the major secretory product of each luteal cell and what is the type of cell growth?

Back 65

Large luteal cell, Oxytocin and relaxin, hpertrophy

Front 66

What luteal cell will the Theca interna cell turn into? What will be the secretory product and the primary cell growth?

Back 66

Small luteal cell, progesterone, hperplasia

Front 67

What does superovulation mean?

Back 67

There is an increase number of follicles used for embryo transfer

Front 68

What is atresia?

Back 68

When a follicle regresses

Front 69

What is a polar body?

Back 69

Extra chromosomal material

Front 70

What is luteolysis?

Back 70

When the CL dies off

Front 71

The vigor of the CL depends on 2 things name one?

Back 71

Number of luteal cells

Front 72

Name a species that requires the uterus for CL regression?

Back 72

Cow

Front 73

Name the 2 gonadal steroids in the male that are important for spermatogenesis?

Back 73

Testosterone and estrogen

Front 74

What is the name of the tubule in which spermatozoa are made?

Back 74

Seminiferous tubules

Front 75

a producer wish to synchronize his pre-pubertal heifers the two shot injection PGF sheme. He gave the injection 11 days apart like the protocol stated he had a wreck and no heifers were in heat 2 to 3 days after the last PGF injection why did this happen?

Back 75

No CL No PGF2 alfa receptors

Front 76

How does PGF2 alfa get from the uterus to the CL in the cow to cause luteolysis?

Back 76

Uterine vein to ovarian artery by counter current flow

Front 77

Name 2 target tissues for progesterone and tell me the action that P4 has on that tissue when it binds to their receptors .

Back 77

Hypothalamus low GnRH Mammory gland high gland development

Front 78

Match the Leydig cell with the stereo genetic enzyme complex or complexes it contains as well as a major steroid that it secretes and the major type of receptor it contains

Back 78

EC12, testosterone, LH

Front 79

match the Sertoli cell with the stereo genetic enzyme complex or complexes it contains as well as a major steroid that it secretes and the major type of receptor it contains

Back 79

EC4,estrogen, FSH

Front 80

What process does spermatogonium A produce?

Back 80

Mitosis

Front 81

What process does spermatogonium B produce?

Back 81

Mitosis

Front 82

What process does primary spermatocyte produce?

Back 82

Mitosis

Front 83

What process does secondary spermatocyte produce?

Back 83

Meiosis

Front 84

What process does spermatids produce?

Back 84

Meiosis

Front 85

What process does spermatozoa produce?

Back 85

Differentiation

Front 86

What are the 3 parts of the spermatozoa head?

Back 86

Nucleus

Acrosome

Postnuclear cap

Front 87

What are the 3 parts of the spermatozoa tail?

Back 87

Mid piece

Principal piece

Terminal piece

Front 88

Where does the Distal centriole reside in?

Back 88

Axoneme

Front 89

Where does the mitochondria reside in?

Back 89

Middle piece

Front 90

Where does the golgi apparatus reside in?

Back 90

Acrosome

Front 91

Where does the proximal centriole reside in?

Back 91

Annulus

Front 92

What is the process of differentiation called?

Back 92

Spermiogenesis

Front 93

What is the release of the spermatoza into the siminiferous lumen called

Back 93

Spermiation

Front 94

What is the flehman respond or what is its purpose

Back 94

Lip curl to detect pheromones

Front 95

Why would someone measure scrotal circumference

Back 95

Daily sperm production

Front 96

What is libido?

Back 96

Sex drive

Front 97

What is lordosis?

Back 97

Mating posture

Front 98

Prior to ejaculation, emissions from the accessory sex glands are released. Why does the male want to do that?

Back 98

Cleanse the tract

Front 99

What is dihydrotestosterone?

Back 99

Is the non aromatizable androgen

Front 100

What is the species specific sperm receptor called?

Back 100

ZP-3

Front 101

Where does a stallion deposit his semen in a mare when mating?

Back 101

Uterus

Front 102

What does seminal plasma contain that aids in myometrial contractions?

Back 102

PGF2 ALFA

Front 103

What is capacitation?

Back 103

When sperm become fertile in the female tract

Front 104

What is the acrosome reaction?

Back 104

Is the fusion of the spermatozoa plasma membrane to the outer acrosomal membrane

Front 105

What is retrograde loss of semen?

Back 105

When semen is lossed when it flows out of the female tract

Front 106

What is semen?

Back 106

Semen are what seminal fluid is called in the male before they are ejaculated

Front 107

If dead sperm are placed in the uterus, will they get to the site of fertilizarion?

Back 107

Yes

Front 108

What is the perivilelline space?

Back 108

The space between the ZP and the oolema

Front 109

Are there more or less neutrophils during heat?

Back 109

More

Front 110

Name a species that has a relatively low ejaculation volume?

Back 110

Bull

Front 111

What is the role of the Ischiocavernous muscle in the process of erection\ejaculation? Does it constrict or relax?

Back 111

Constrict, no venous return

Front 112

What is the role of the retractor penis muscle in the process of erection \ ejaculation? Does it constrict or relax?

Back 112

Relax, allows penis to expand

Front 113

What is the role of the bulbourethral muscle in the process of erection \ ejaculation? Does it constrict or relax?

Back 113

Constrict, milk semen out

Front 114

What is the Coolidge effect

Back 114

Introduction of novel female reduces the refractory period

Front 115

What are cortical granules and how do they play a role in preventing polyspermy

Back 115

Cortical granules release enzymes that cause the ZP to Hardin making it so the polyspermy are blocked.

-no oolema microvilli

Front 116

What is the allantois?

Back 116

Vascular ides the chorion

Front 117

What is the chorion?

Back 117

Outermost layer of the fetal placenta serves as a immunological barrier

Front 118

What is a yolk sac?

Back 118

Needed for early nutrition of the embryo, primordial germ cells are housed here

Front 119

What is amnion?

Back 119

A protective sac that prevents desiccation

Front 120

What is a cows pregnancy signal?

Back 120

Interferon tau

Front 121

What is a ewe pregnancy signal?

Back 121

Interferon tau

Front 122

What Is a sows pregnancy signal?

Back 122

Estrogen

Front 123

What is a dog's pregnancy signal?

Back 123

None

Front 124

What is a mares pregnancy signal?

Back 124

Conceptus migration

Front 125

What is a humans pregnancy signal?

Back 125

HCG

Front 126

What are necrotic tips?

Back 126

They are formed because the allantois does not fuse with the Chorion at the end of the placenta. They are a plug

Front 127

What are the 3 forces that are needed for hatching of the blastocyst?

Back 127

1. Fluid and growth accumulation

2. Enzymes are produced from the triphectoderm

3. Contraction of the blastocyte

Front 128

What does totipotent mean?

Back 128

Each cell gives rise to complete conceptus

Front 129

Describe the endocrine release of PGF2 alfa in the pig during maternal recognition of pregnancy

Back 129

In cyclicity, pgf2 alfa is released from the endocrine into the blood stream

During pregnancy, estrogen causes PGF2 alfa to be released into the uterine lumen

Front 130

What is a morula?

Back 130

Vitelline placenta

Front 131

What is an eutherian?

Back 131

True placenta

Front 132

What does androgen binding protein do?

Back 132

Binds to testosterone

Front 133

Why does androgen binding protein need to be present in order for male to be capable of spermatogenesis?

Back 133

It enables spermatogenesis and maturation in the epididymis

Front 134

Where does a bull deposit his semen in a cow when mating?

Back 134

Uterine body

Front 135

What is sialomucin?

Back 135

A mucus where sperm swim called a privileged pathway

Front 136

What does the acrosome reaction allow the sperm to do?

Back 136

Allows sperm to fuse to the oolema

Front 137

What is syngamy?

Back 137

Fusion

Front 138

During natural mating, how does the stallion prevent retrograde loss of semen?

Back 138

They squirt 5 to 8 times mainly siminal plasma

Front 139

During natural mating, how does the boar prevent retrograde loss of semen?

Back 139

Forms a cervical plug

Front 140

What is the site of fertilization

Back 140

Ampullary isthmic junction

Front 141

What is the non cellular structure surrounding the oocyte called?

Back 141

Zona pellucida

Front 142

What are neutrophils doing in the female tract?

Back 142

Phagocytosis

Front 143

Name one acrosomal enzyme?

Back 143

Acrosin

Front 144

What molecule does Oxytocin belong to? And the source?

Back 144

Peptide, hypothalamus

Front 145

What molecule does testosterone belong To? source

Back 145

Steroid, leydig cell

Front 146

What molecule does LH belong to?source

Back 146

Glycoprotein, anterior pituitary

Front 147

What molecule does PGF2 alpha belong to?source?

Back 147

Fatty acid, endometrium

Front 148

What molecule does FSH belong to? Source?

Back 148

Glycoprotein, anterior pituitary